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The article shows the yield of spring soft wheat in different technologies in the absence of autumn tillage. Technologies differ in the place of wheat in crop rotation and the use of fertilizers. Soil tillage in experiment No. 1 in a four-field grain-fallow crop rotation and on permanent wheat is zero. In experiment No. 2, stubble was left in autumn on long (24 yields) repeated wheat crops, where the soil loosens only when sown with a seeder SKP-2,1 with a cultivator-type coulter. With zero tillage with the removal of crops from fallow, the yield from 1,7 t/ha in the 1st field in the following crops decreased by 1,31-1,44 times, against the background of fertilizer in 1,08-1,12. Permanent sowing of wheat on stubble, compared with the yield of fallow, reduced grain harvest on backgrounds N0 and N40 by 1,60 and 1,42 times. Yield of 2,5 t/ha were obtained in the 1st field after fallow only in a favorable year, as in the following field. Due to fertilizer N40 in such a year, grain harvest increased in three crops of the crop rotation to 2,7-3,0-3,3 t/ha in up to 2,9 t/ha of permanent wheat. The formation of a high yield of wheat by fallow was facilitated by the preservation of the number of productive stems at an average level of 291 pieces per 1 m2, whereas on other backgrounds there were 274-265 and 243 with permanent cultivation. The number of grains in the ear was of great importance, which reached 18,1-20,2 pieces in fallow with 14-15 in other technologies.

This report is dedicated to the design of a controller based on the principle of inverse dynamics and the offline identification of the coefficients of a supersonic transport (SST) aircraft’s linear longitudinal dynamics model based on the results of measuring the nonlinear mathematical model’s responses. A landing task under the influence of atmospheric disturbances is considered.

Multimodal transportation via the Northern Sea Route includes several stages. First, cargoes are transported across Russia by rail or road to a port on the Arctic coast. The Northern Sea Route facilitates the transportation of cargoes, reduces delivery times and transportation costs. In addition, this route is environmentally friendly and contributes to the development of the infrastructure in the regions located along it. The “Transport Strategy of Russia Until 2030” and the adopted “Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and Ensuring National Security for the Period Until 2020” stipulate that ports should be created for the operational management of transit cargo flows. A large number of cargoes that will need to be managed requires the arrangement and digitalization of multimodal transportation. The article analyses 10 ports along the Northern Sea Route. Criteria were selected to assess their readiness for operational management.

The article reviews domestic and foreign research on wood modification processes by chemical means, giving its types and basic properties. The published results prove that chemical modification of wood, fully or partially by acetylation and furfurylation, transforms wood species with low strength into new "green" materials with improved qualities and properties increasing water resistance, moisture resistance, thermal resistance, as well as tensile strength. Research to determine the strength properties of wood veneer that has been chemically impregnated with furfurylation and acetylation methods for 24, 48 and 72 hours, followed by drying, has increased the tensile strength along the fibres. However, for the determination of the tensile strength across the fibres, a significant decrease in the tensile strength is observed in relation to the increase in impregnation time.

This article is devoted to the problem of field winter hardiness of sour cherry and sweet cherry flower buds as the main element of winter hardiness of fruit plants in the Oryol region. The issue is considered from the point of view of winter hardiness in extremely cold winters of 2009-2010. and 2020-2021, which allow you to more accurately determine the level of winter hardiness of each individual variety, which is rarely possible in mild comfortable winters. More than 30 varieties of sour cherries and sweet cherries from the gene pool of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding were taken as objects of study. In both cultures, a number of varieties with high winter hardiness of flower buds were identified – sour cherry varieties Griot Ostgeimsky, Volochaevka, Otrada, Shokoladnitsa, Otrada, Uifekhertoy Furtosh and sweet cherry varieties – Zarya Vostoka and Orlovskaya Yantarnaya.

This article presents the results of studying the features of main phenological phases passage by varieties, selected and elite seedlings of common cherry in the conditions of the Orel region. The research was carried out on the basis of stone crops plantings of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Selection in 2018–2020. The purpose of the research was to study the peculiarities of phenological phases passage by common cherry cultivars from the VNIISPK gene pool. During the studies it was found that Turgenevka, Businka and Kapelka varieties are early-ripening, in conditions of the Orel region, and forms 84847, 84595 and 84854, Putinka, Umanskaya Skorospelka are late-ripening. The duration of cherry cultivars vegetation season was determined at the level of 175–194 days. The sum of active temperatures during the vegetation season of cherry cultivation was 2592.4–2650.9 oC. The variance analysis allowed to determine a certain influence degree of the year conditions on vegetation season duration and sum of active temperatures necessary for the varieties to pass the phenological phases successfully.

The paper presents the results of studying the possibility of using the selective laser melting method for production of permanent magnets. This process allows to manufacture not only product models and prototypes, but also finished functional products by adding material layer by layer and bonding particles and layers to each other. We have considered the application areas of selective laser melting (SLM) based on powders obtained by different methods for the study. In addition, we have analyzed the traditional magnetic alloy casting technology, studied magnetic materials, and compared the powder magnet properties with standard data. We have found that the parameters of powders obtained by gas atomization are qualitatively superior to those of powders obtained using other methods, whereas the resulting magnets meet the requirements for magnets. Based on the 25Kh15KA alloy powder atomized by gas atomization, a SLM plant allows to manufacture permanent magnets with a material density of 7.59–7.55 g/cu.cm, which meets the requirements recommended by the State Standard GOST 24897-81, and to obtain the magnet properties that can be achieved using traditional metallurgical technologies.

In the permafrost regions, where water filtration zone is limited by the shallow active layer, the surface flow forms a network of hollows, called «water tracks», oriented along the slope gradient. Water tracks are clearly distinguished on satellite images, but poorly defined in the field. The pattern of the water tracks network depends on geomorphological position, permafrost and geological conditions and dominant cryogenic processes. Surface flow could occur in the water tracks during the snowmelt and heavy rains, when the soil is entirely frozen or fully saturated by water. In dry periods, the water tracks form retention zones due to low filtration rates and significant capacity of thawed soil beneath the troughs. Our study of water tracks in the north-western Yakutia showed the changes of their morphology from upstream towards downstream. The water levels in the water tracks have a pronounced diurnal course in reverse phase to the water temperature variation. They are related to diurnal ground thawing dynamics. Hydrology of water tracks depends on the peat thickness, active layer properties and lithology. Water tracks formed by rubble rocks respond to a storm event with rapidly increasing water level. The deeper thawing layer, the smoother water levels rise and decrease.

The paper describes a method of studying temperature fields in fiber-optic gyroscopes that are part of complex navigation systems, using the example fiber-optic gyroscope as part of the angular velocity measurement system BIUS-M-1, developed by “Antares” (Saratov). The work relevance is due to the fact that currently existing methods for studying external and internal thermal effects on precision devices, and the resulting three-dimensional non-stationary temperature fields may be too complicated for practical application, or require significant computation and time resource. Also, not all contemporary models take into account such parameters, as low pressure and vacuum, the importance of which for devices operating in space orbital conditions cannot be underestimated. Therefore, modeling of the thermal process in various devices should be carried out at the design stage. At the same time, such modeling should not be labor-intensive, do not require large financial investment and computing resources. In this paper, the authors formulate a research problem, develop a thermal model, and present the main relations that are the components of the mathematical model of nonstationary three-dimensional inhomogeneous temperature fields in the fiber-optic gyroscope. The resulting model can be implemented quite simply in computational algorithms and software.

Based on the mathematical model presented in the first part of this paper, specialized software was created and computer modeling of nonstationary inhomogeneous temperature fields in a fiber-optic gyroscope was performed. The simulation aimed to analyze the temperature distribution in the gyroscope structural elements, especially in the fiber-optic coil and the electronics unit, since temperature fluctuations in them are one of the main sources of device errors. To achieve this goal, a three-dimensional unsteady field was calculated in a fiber-optic gyroscope. Based on the results of computer modeling, comparative data on the temperature distribution in the gyroscope structural elements on earth and orbital flight conditions, and the degree of influence of space and zero-gravity conditions are obtained.

Structural features of a lake talik associated with eolian relief are discussed. Analysis of hydrochemical and hydrological data for 2010-2017 showed that talik groundwater feeds lake and maintains perennial outflow from the lake. Variations in the chemical composition of the lake and outflowing creek are characterized on an annual and interannual basis. Seasonal comparison of hydrochemical data indicates a downward trend in dissolved-solids content of the lake water over the last six years, suggesting an increasing contribution of suprapermafrost groundwater to the lake and lake talik. Probable reason of enhanced suprapermafrost flow is increase of its duration due to observed rise of winter air temperature.

The results of computer simulation of industrial processes of separation of substances with the inclusion of a heat pump are presented. Designs of heat pumps of closed type, open type, like “pipe in pipe” are considered. In the simulation software Aspen HYSYS, the adequacy of the computer model of the “rectification unit – closed type heat pump” system was checked. The results of computer simulation of the “rectification unit – open-type heat pump ’pipe in pipe’” system are presented. This system allows to increase the efficiency of the unit by 9% compared with the system of separation of substances with the inclusion of an open-type heat pump and by 14% compared with a system with the inclusion of a closed-type heat pump.

Reverse osmosis (RO) technologies are widely used throughout the world for drinking, industrial and waste water treatment purposes. Proper and economically attractive operation of RO installations should be provided by the correct maintenance of all technical process parameters. One of the significant operational problems is precipitation and deposition of sparingly-soluble salts on the membrane surface, which can be prevented by dosing special chemical additives into the feed solution. The aim of the present work is to reveal the structure/function relationship of phosphonate scale inhibitors, which possess systematic structural similarities and differences. Specifically, two classes of tetraphosphonate (5 additives) and diphosphonate (6 additives) have been tested as calcium carbonate scale inhibitors on the lab membrane unit. It was found that among the family of tetraphosphonates and diphosphonates the inhibitor efficiency increases with elongation –(CH2)– chain, but the longest additives have a sharp drop in inhibition efficiency.

The synthesis of predictive display information and direct lift control system are considered for the path control tracking tasks (in particular landing task). The both solutions are based on pilot-vehicle system analysis and requirements to provide the highest accuracy and lowest pilot workload. The investigation was carried out for cases with and without time delay in aircraft dynamics. The efficiency of the both ways for the flying qualities improvement and their integration is tested by ground based simulation.

In the article the main opportunities for engineers at the GIS creation/updating of systems by means of multicopter aerial photography systems are described. Usage of the methods described in the article will allow increasing the speed and informational content of the GIS construction/updating at rather small labor costs. Besides, the described automation of the processes of filming from the unmanned aerial vehicle will allow to supplement three-dimensional models of objects in GIS with earlier inaccessible data.

The article considers general modeling techniques used in the study in education at different stages. The classification of different types of models and main stages of the simulation are considered. It is shown that in the course “Process of simulation” for technical areas of the Universities required the category of “Experimental-analytical simulation method”. For example, a new textbook for bachelors “Modeling of chemical-technological processes” shows that the section facilitates the compilation of process models in general; gives the possibility of studying the process at different levels; describes the nonlinear properties of the simulation objects, and to obtain refined adjustment of the model according to the experiment. The use of models of high accuracy can improve the quality of education.