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An important issue addressed in the presented article is the competencies of the RE teacher/ catechist. Two main problems are posed, summarized in the following questions: What competencies should a teacher of religion/catechist have? What qualities, according to secondary school pupils, should have an RE teacher? An attempt to answer such questions was made on the basis of an analysis of the literature on the subject and the results of a nationwide quantitative and qualitative study of secondary school pupils in Poland. The basic concepts of competence are discussed, groups of competencies relevant to the profession of religion teacher are characterized. Also presented are the results of research on the opinions of secondary school pupils regarding the person of a religion teacher/catechist.

La Convention citoyenne pour le climat (CCC) a permis à 150 citoyens tirés au sort d’élaborer un ensemble de propositions visant à réduire l’impact climatique de la France. Elle s’inscrit dans un « tournant délibératif » plus global où se multiplie l’utilisation de dispositifs délibératifs notamment pour remédier à l’incapacité de la démocratie représentative à résoudre les crises écologiques. La CCC a élaboré, grâce au soutien d’un comité légistique, des mesures législatives et réglementaires qu’elle jugeait nécessaires pour atteindre l’objectif fixé. Ses propositions ont été reprises partiellement dans un projet de loi déposé sur le bureau de l’Assemblée nationale. La CCC illustre ainsi l’ouverture de la procédure législative à des citoyens non élus. Comment les députés ont-ils perçu le dispositif de la CCC et son intégration dans l’élaboration de la loi? Le présent article expose les résultats d’une recherche empirique en droit portant sur la perception par les députés français du dispositif de la CCC et de son incorporation à la procédure législative. La recherche entreprise vise à comprendre comment concilier mini-public délibératif et démocratie représentative dans l’élaboration de la loi. Les données collectées par participation observante et entretiens semi-dirigés montrent une conciliation difficile en raison d’une légitimité faiblement reconnue par les députés interrogés au dispositif de la CCC et en raison du sentiment partagé d’affaiblissement du Parlement par la mise en place de la CCC. Les résultats suggèrent des conclusions quant à la capacité de la procédure législative et de l’organisation institutionnelle des pouvoirs en France à intégrer des dispositifs délibératifs en leur sein.

Social science research on courts and judges requires data that are typically generated through interviews, observation, or surveys for the purpose of answering specific research questions posed by the researcher. However, traditional methods of data collection are not always feasible. As an alternative, this paper examines the use of administrative data, which have been collected for non-research purposes, in judicial research. Using research undertaken by the author in Australia over the past decade as case studies, the paper examines potential sources of administrative data on courts and judges, how they can be acquired, and the uses to which they can be put. The paper then assesses the advantages and disadvantages of using administrative data, which vary substantially according to the data source. The paper concludes by agreeing with Babbie (2020) that ‘with so much data already collected, the lack of funds to support expensive data collection is no reason for not doing good and useful social research’ on judicial systems. La investigación en ciencias sociales sobre tribunales y jueces requiere datos que suelen generarse a través de encuestas, entrevistas u observación con el fin de responder a preguntas de investigación concretas planteadas por el investigador. Sin embargo, los métodos tradicionales de recopilación de datos no siempre son factibles. Como alternativa, este artículo examina el uso de datos administrativos, que han sido recogidos con fines ajenos a la investigación, en la investigación judicial. Utilizando como estudios de caso las investigaciones realizadas por el autor durante la última década, el artículo examina las fuentes potenciales de datos administrativos sobre tribunales y jueces, cómo pueden ser adquiridos y los usos que se les puede dar. A continuación, el artículo evalúa las ventajas e inconvenientes de la utilización de datos administrativos, que varían sustancialmente según la fuente de datos. El artículo concluye coincidiendo con Babbie (2020) en que “con tantos datos ya recopilados, la falta de fondos para apoyar la costosa recopilación de datos no es razón para no hacer una investigación social buena y útil” sobre los sistemas judiciales.

The articles in this special issue focus on the methodological and practical challenges of undertaking empirical research in judicial and/or court settings. They arose from a workshop at the International Institute for the Sociology of Law held on 23-24 June 2022 which discussed the empirical strategies to access and conduct research with judicial officers and the research methods and kinds of data used, including interviews, surveys, court observations, administrative data, documents, and photographs. The articles draw on the experiences of socio-legal researchers within the field, address the importance of linkages with the justice system and discuss a range of socio-legal insights, methodological approaches and methods from disciplines such as anthropology, law, political science, psychology and sociology. Los artículos de este número especial se centran en los retos metodológicos y prácticos que plantea la realización de investigaciones empíricas en el ámbito judicial y/o de los tribunales. Surgieron de un seminario del Instituto Internacional de Sociología Jurídica celebrado los días 23 y 24 de junio de 2022, en el que se debatieron las estrategias empíricas para acceder a los funcionarios judiciales y llevar a cabo investigaciones con ellos, así como los métodos de investigación y los tipos de datos utilizados, como entrevistas, encuestas, observaciones en los tribunales, datos administrativos, documentos y fotografías. Los artículos se basan en las experiencias de los investigadores sociojurídicos en este campo, abordan la importancia de los vínculos con el sistema judicial y analizan una serie de perspectivas sociojurídicas, enfoques metodológicos y métodos procedentes de disciplinas como la antropología, el derecho, las ciencias políticas, la psicología y la sociología.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Education / Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation is the property of Canadian Society for the Study of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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The purpose of this article is to present the results of empirical research conducted with students taking a foreign language certification test. The aim of the study was to diagnose the extent to which the students interviewed are able to mediate texts. In other words, we wanted to examine whether they possess the knowledge and skills necessary to reconstruct the meanings of a text in order to convey the information imposed by the examination task. The article begins with a short presentation of the notion of mediation. It then discusses the place it has been given in the language classroom by the designers of the CEFR. Finally, we present our empirical study: we define its theoretical framework, present the survey questionnaire we used and then proceed to the analysis of the data collected and the discussion of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present volume, German Writers and Scholars from Romania in the eyes of the State Security [Securitate], paints a picture of Romanian society during the communist period by looking at the relationship of some German writers from Romania with the Secret Police. Stefan Sienerth’s volume consists of fifteen extensive studies that provide profiles of cynical and abject members of the State Security but also of some of the writers’ informants, who were blackmailed into collaborating under threat of being arrested. All studies are based on empirical research and on analysing documents from the CNSAS Security Archive, and describe an absurd world dominated by anxiety, fear, betrayal, blackmail, as well as the unscrupulous and cynical operating methods employed by the State Security. These are very rich in information and explicit, with clear statements and very precise terminology, revealing a very experienced researcher, as well as characterizing an era through the prism of a network of destinies, some of which are implacable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A lively controversy on the evaluation of psychotherapy has been particularly present in France in the field of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The use of overly simplistic research models has been criticized. However, in the last decade, the evaluation of psychotherapies has evolved from a paradigm favoring randomized clinical trials of disorders to studies that explore factors that contribute to changes identified as relevant to clinical practice. Based on a research example that includes case studies from a randomized clinical trial, the article presents a research design that fosters collaboration between clinician and researcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and clinicians live in increasingly separate worlds, precipitating psychotherapy into a crisis of legitimacy. This paper hypothesizes that the therapeutic alliance, as an integrative variable, is an element capable of reducing this gap, considering in particular that the alliance between researcher and clinician is based on the same principles as the working alliance between patient and therapist. A few examples of empirical research allow us to address three conflicting aspects of our current knowledge about the alliance: as a common factor or as a specific agent, as useful to the researcher or useful to the clinician, and finally the distinction between the trait-component and the state-component of the alliance. The time has come to strengthen this vital alliance between research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of carrying out empirical work during the COVID-19 pandemic. By these means, it aims to contribute to the yet incipient analyses of how the circumstances created by the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as government restrictions on gatherings and mobility, impacted social research practice during 2020. For this purpose, the article presents two experiences of qualitative socio-legal fieldwork at graduate degree level, carried out during the early months of the COVID-19 outbreak, one in Brazil and the other in Colombia. In doing so, it also emphasizes particularities of the pandemic response in Latin America. Our central arguments are (i) that the flexible logic that characterizes qualitative research practice allowed for creative solutions to the problems posed by COVID-19, and (ii) that careful examination and heightened sensibility were needed to deal with the novel ethical dilemmas that arose during this process. El presente artículo analiza los desafíos y oportunidades de realizar un trabajo empírico durante la pandemia de COVID-19. De esta manera, pretende contribuir a los emergentes estudios sobre las formas en que las circunstancias creadas por la propagación global del virus SARS-CoV-2, tales como restricciones gubernamentales a reuniones sociales y a la movilidad, impactaron la práctica de la investigación social durante 2020. Para tal fin, el artículo presenta dos experiencias cualitativas de trabajo de campo socio-jurídico a nivel de posgrado, realizadas durante los primeros meses del brote de COVID-19, una en Brasil y otra en Colombia, enfatizando las particularidades de la respuesta a la pandemia en Latinoamerica. Nuestros argumentos centrales son (i) que la lógica flexible que caracteriza la práctica de la investigación cualitativa permitió la creación de soluciones creativas a los problemas planteados por COVID-19, y (ii) que, para abordar dilemas que surgieron durante el desarrollo de las investigación aquí descritas, fue necesaria una examinación compleja y sensible de la coyuntura.

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The empirical study of judicial emotion has enormous but largely untapped potential to illuminate a previously underexplored aspect of judging, its processes, outputs, and impacts. After defining judicial emotion, this article proposes a theoretical taxonomy of approaches to its empirical exploration. It then presents and analyses extant examples of such research, with a focus on how the questions they ask fit within the taxonomy and the methods they use to answer those questions. It concludes by identifying areas for growth in the disciplined, data-based exploration of the many facets of judicial emotion. El estudio empírico de las emociones en la judicatura tiene un potencial enorme, pero poco explorado, para arrojar luz sobre un aspecto de la profesión judicial poco explorado previamente, sus procesos, resultados y efectos. Tras definir la emoción judicial, el artículo propone una taxonomía teórica de abordajes a su estudio empírico. Después, presenta y analiza ejemplos existentes de esa investigación, poniendo especial atención en la forma en que las preguntas que se formulan encajan en la taxonomía y en los métodos que utilizan para responder a aquéllas. Concluye identificando áreas de crecimiento en el estudio disciplinado y basado en datos de las múltiples facetas de la emoción judicial. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1089

Language training programs for adult immigrants are an integral part of the political and educational landscape for many immigrant-receiving countries. However, little empirical research has addressed how language skills develop within these programs. To fill this gap, this exploratory and descriptive study documents, the oral skills of immigrants completing a language training program funded by a local government. We examined the global oral proficiency, perceived fluency and comprehensibility of adult immigrants (N = 31) enrolled in the highest level of Québec's French language training program: le Programme d'intégration linguistique pour les immigrants (PILI). Global proficiency was measured using an oral imitation task (EIT, Tracy-Ventura et al., 2014). Two monological tasks that imposed different linguistic and cognitive constraints were used to assess participants' fluency and comprehensibility. The speech samples were rated by 13 expert French-speaking judges, using a 9-point Likert scale. The results showed that the oral skills of PILI graduates are heterogeneous, and that participants who had studied French for several years before immigrating demonstrated better results across all three constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the vulnerability of refugee women is a cornerstone of access to protection, it is rarely defined beyond its common-sense meaning - the risk of suffering harm. This article presents the results of an empirical research inquiry into the life histories of eight Syrian women who were responsible for supporting their families in Lebanon (five) and Québec (three). Using the concept of ambivalent vulnerability (Oliviero, 2016), the analysis showed that women and their relatives were certainly exposed to forms of adversity, but also to transformative opportunities and to elements of continuity with their life trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we will present the results of an empirical research regarding the various procedures used by journalists in order to report the declarations and commentaries of politicians on the subject of the Quebec City Mosque attack, a tragic event that took place on January 29th 2017. We will try to establish which of those procedures were used by journalists in order to privilege the direct discourse (DD) or the indirect discourse (ID) and to what extent these procedures can reveal the subjectivity of the journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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What theatre pedagogues discovered empirically in the last one hundred years is objective reality nowadays, due to on-going scientific experiments and research. Today, we may refer to theatre as a playground for the development of empathy; thus, an interdisciplinary approach may rise new questions regarding how communication between actors and their audiences take place. In the future, such an approach may lead to a better understanding not only of the spectator’s experience, but also of the art of acting. Since the discovery of the mirror-neurons mechanism in monkeys, concepts like empathy, imitation and embodied simulation have become major points of interest in cognitive science and art research. A good example of how these concepts affect our view of theatre is Bruce McConachie’s study of audience engagement. This article proposes a look into the science of empathy and automatic imitation of other human beings, in order to apply their principles in the theatre, to a live audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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De 1967 à 2009, le Gabon fut gouverné sous le modèle d'un pouvoir autochtone instauré par Omar Bongo. À tous les niveaux de l'administration et au gouvernement, ce pouvoir consacrait l'exclusivité aux Gabonais de souche au détriment des Gabonais par naturalisation ou issus de la naturalisation. 42 ans durant, ces derniers furent madrigalisés. La gouvernance cosmopolite instaurée en 2009 par Ali Bongo, fils et successeur d'Omar Bongo, introduit une sorte d'inter-culturalisme au sein de l'État. En mobilisant l'historiographie de la nation dans une approche purement analytique, l'article invite à analyser les changements politiques instaurés par Ali Bongo et par conséquent remettre en cause les critiques se fondant sur un héritage biologique et politique le plus souvent pris comme argument de légitimation de la continuité politique au sein des États africains. Reste à s'interroger si les moyens et méthodes mobilisés par cette approche participent à un sentiment de solidarité au sein de l'État et de la société. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'antinomie entre philosophie politique et science politique est consécutive à celle de leur démarche respective. La science politique se réclamerait d'une méthode empirique fondée sur l'observation, l'analyse et l'interprétation des textes ou des faits politiques concrets. Confortée en cela par son empiricité, la science politique fustige une méthode abstraite et évaluative propre à la philosophie politique. Une analyse minutieuse des démarches rationnelle et empirique permet, cependant, de comprendre que leur antinomie est inclusive et non exclusive ; puisqu'une action politique soucieuse du bonheur collectif ne saurait être totalement rationaliste, ni totalement empiriste ; elle devrait avoir un pôle rationnel et un pôle empirique ; le premier pôle permettrait à l'acteur politique de concevoir parfaitement l'objectif à atteindre ainsi que les valeurs à promouvoir au sein de la société dont il a la charge, tandis que le deuxième lui donnerait les supports concrets sur lesquels il doit s'appuyer pour le réaliser. Le croisement dialectique de ces deux pôles méthodologiques, dans une action politique qui a pour téléologie la valorisation de l'homme et la recherche de l'intérêt commun, assure à cette dernière une efficacité et une humanisation certaines. Le politique doit, par conséquent, être à la fois un bon rationaliste et un bon empiriste dans le feu de l'action s'il veut minimiser le cynisme et les crises politiques contingentes, et bâtir une communauté où l'éthique est le chien de garde des institutions et du bonheur partagé. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the impact of environmental governance is one of the important questions in environmental studies. We hypothesize improvements in environmental governance to reduce anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases that trap heat in environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas and one of the major determinants of a country’s environmental quality. Using publicly available data for 120 countries, we test the relationship between environmental governance and anthropogenic CO2 emission using econometric modelling. We find that a unit increase in environmental governance leads to 0.36 metric tonnes reduction in anthropogenic CO2 emission. This study justifies the role of existing environmental governance initiatives, calling for more inter-country and intra-country agreements to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emission.

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The past decade has seen a return of interest in empirical research within the U.S. legal academy, hearkening back to a similar empirical turn during the ascendancy of Legal Realism in the New Deal era. However, the current revival of legal empiricism has emerged against the backdrop of several well-established traditions of empirical sociolegal research in the interdisciplinary law-and-society movement and in the social science disciplines. This article examines two of the most prominent manifestations of the “new” legal empiricism, empirical legal studies (ELS) and new legal realism (NLR), and it situates them within the preexisting sociolegal terrain. The analysis concludes by considering possible futures for empirical research on law.

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The project ‘Creating Citizenship Communities’ is funded by the EsméeFairbairn Foundation and is being conducted by a partnership team from theDepartment of Education, University of York and the National Foundation forEducational Research. This article describes the project design and drawsattention to issues emerging from data analysis. An indication is given of theactions to be taken with professionals and young people in light of theproject findings. An argument is made for the need to co-ordinate work inschools by developing stronger liaison between citizenship educationteachers and those responsible for whole school initiatives to promotecommunity engagement; and helping teachers to build on young people’sexisting knowledge and expertise in community matters to help themunderstand and act more effectively in society.

The Balanced Scorecard is a model of performance, it present itself as set of dimensions, financial and nonfinancial, directly related to the strategy which is developed by the company. It offers the user the opportunity to control all the determinants of performance. The structural equation methods are employed in quantitative research in order to test models of complex causality, incorporating several variables latent.Partial Least Squares approach (PLS) is a method of estimating structural models based on variance, applied in this study empirical, which consists to know the signification degree between the variables of Balanced Scorecard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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While comparison and also forms of competition among different areas of research are becoming increasingly pressing, literary studies seem to be very slow in acknowledging the need to provide an explicit foundation to their research work. Validation criteria cannot be the same in different areas, but areas that do not make explicit their working procedures are likely to be in a situation of weaker credibility. Literary studies have a longer history than many contemporary sciences, with the risk of being prisoners of their illustrious past.

The aim of this study is twofold: first, to assess the statistical significance of the data used by Pierre Bourdieu in Distinction; second, to test the hypothesis that the volume of capital (i.e., the global amount of capital) allows for a finer discrimination of dispositional differences than the composition of capital (i.e., the respective weight of the different types of capital in the global amount of capital). To these ends, five data samples were submitted to bilateral between-proportion comparison tests. The findings (1) reveal that about two-thirds of the differences reported by P. Bourdieu are significant and (2) support the view that the volume of capital prevails over its composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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