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Humans need fresh and clean air to live healthily. However, being in a dense and dense residential environment can potentially transmit diseases such as infections, bacteria, viruses, airborne microorganisms (airborne microorganisms), fungi, and other sources of infectious diseases. This is a concern in the air conditioning system. The air conditioning system regulates the air conditioning in the room to meet ideal conditions such as temperature and humidity. If you look at the Technical Guidelines for Buildings and Infrastructure Standards for Emerging Infectious Diseases (PIE) Isolation Rooms from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2020, at least the air temperature of residential rooms can reach an air temperature of 24 ± 20°C, with a relative humidity of 60%, so that fresh air is fulfilled. Experiments on portable humidifiers using single and double condensers from a refrigeration system provide design data on the need for air temperature and humidity for isolation rooms in simple residential houses. The standard temperature can be reached in a portable humidifier with a single condenser, namely 26-28°C. However, the humidity is still relatively high, at 80%, so bacteria can survive. However, when the air temperature in the lowest section (evaporator) is conditioned (10, 15, and 20°C), the air temperature exceeds the standard limit (39,38°C), even though the humidity is very low, reaching 34%. In experiments using a double condenser, the standard temperature and humidity can be said to be achieved; the temperature is 31°C, and the humidity is at 67%.

In Tangerang Indonesia, the Citra Raya residential area, three Citra Raya Conservation Lakes function as sources of clean water production. The area is flooded when the lake overflows during the rainy season. Community access to clean water is disrupted throughout the dry season due to a decrease in clean water discharge. So an effort is needed to increase the sustainability of its availability in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). This research was conducted to determine the water balance and improve water management in the three lakes. The water demand study was carried out based on the number of active consumers in 2020 and predictions until 2025. Flow characteristics and a basic planning-month approach were used to analyze water availability. Water balance analysis is used to compare the availability of reliable discharge and its needs as a basis for optimization. Optimization using linear programming. Optimization results show that the availability of raw water in the conservation lake is sufficient to meet the clean water demand of the Citra Raya area every month. However, in reality, there are problems such as pipe leaks and legal violations. This requires further research.

Indonesia has set itself a very challenging set of objectives about introducing renewables into the energy mix, particularly large-scale, on-grid, solar photovoltaic (PV). Being on the equator, Indonesia is blessed with year-round sunlight. Although solar PV is the fastest-growing renewable generation source worldwide, Indonesia has hardly started to install it. One of the reasons for the slow development of solar PV in Indonesia is the lack of information for investors regarding the cost required to build and operate a solar PV over a specified cost recovery period. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the cost of producing grid-connected solar PV in Indonesia. As the results of this study, we have constructed a simple tool that calculates the cash flow of a typical project, and then computes levelised cost of electricity (LCoE), internal rate of return (IRR), payback period (PBP), and return on investment (RoI) to explore the business case faced by investors of solar PV in Indonesia.

Background: Chronic hypertension significantly contributes to cardiovascular diseases, a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The DASH diet has proven effective in lowering blood pressure among individuals with hypertension. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of DASH diet education, delivered through lectures and leaflets, on dietary compliance among hypertensive patients at Puspaindah Posbindu, Tasikmalaya City, in 2023. Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a one-group pretest posttest design. Result: The findings revealed a significant effect (p

Hyperglycemia is a condition of increased blood glucose with out of normal limits criteria associated with diabetes mellitus. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia is one of the causes of complications in diabetes mellitus sufferers. Sargassum plagiophyllum is one of brown seaweed that contains many bioactive compounds which are useful as hypoglycemic agents. The kombucha fermentation method is used to reduce structural complexity, thereby increasing the bioavailability of bioactives. This study aims to evaluate the administration of S. plagiophyllum kombucha (SK) to the blood profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) rats treated with a 21% highfructose diet (HFD) with normal feed. S. plagiophyllum was obtained from Talango, Sumenep, Madura Island, East Java Province. 2-month-old male Rattus norvegicus was used as a model animal. The study consisted of 5 groups, including negative control, positive control (DM2), DM2 + SK 1.5 mL/250 g bw once a day, DM2 + SK 1.5 mL/250 g bw twice a day, and DM2 + SK 1, 5 mL/250 g bw three times a day. Animal model research was carried out for 2 months. The study’s conclusion shows that S. plagiophyllum kombucha has bioactive compounds as hypoglycemic agents and contributes to improving body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles, insulin, and MDA in type-2 diabetes rats model.

Lemongrass oil (LGO) has great antimicrobial effects, it increases shelf life as a food coating. Incorporating LGO into cellulose nanofibres (CNFs)-(Glycerol)-(Starch) was done by a mixing procedure and the antibacterial characteristics were evaluated. The interaction of LGO in the composite systems was studied by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microbial analysis by total plate count, antimicrobial by inhibitory zone, film thickness, and by the support of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that the best composite systems could maintain LGO by 0.15 g at all predetermined cellulose concentrations. Its antibacterial substance can be integrated into a polymer matrix for active coating.

Food products like fish, fruits, and tofu are highly perishable, with quality degradation being a significant concern during storage. Chitosan, derived from shrimp waste, has potential as an edible coating to enhance shelf life. The degree of deacetylation (DD) is a key factor in chitosan's effectiveness, with high-DD chitosan (0.05). However, chitosan-coated apple slices exhibited increased browning, although oxidation was delayed compared to uncoated controls. These findings indicate that low-cost, low-DD chitosan could be an effective alternative for extending the shelf life of certain perishable foods without the need for high-purity chitosan.

In the context of contemporary software development education, project-based courses have gained prominence as effective pedagogical tools. This methodology empowers students to cultivate practical skills by engaging in real-world projects. However, integrating sustainable software development practices into such courses often remains a challenge such as the need to set up new technologies for each semester, making it hard to ensure consistent and disciplined development. To address this gap, this research introduces Agilearn, the conception of a Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) environment tailored explicitly for project-based courses with a strong focus on promoting sustainability. It is expected to enhance the learning experience by offering a collaborative platform that automates tasks and establishes a standardized agile environment for students. This paper presents the requirements analysis, the course design to implement Agilearn, the architecture of Agilearn, and a case study to implement Agilearn.

This study aims to evaluate and compare the environmental impact of producing numerous polymer-modified asphalt concrete mixture types for road structures at the laboratory scale measured by air quality monitoring devices in a designed isolated area. Several mixture combinations were examined in this study, namely between the production of the standard hot mix at 160oC (case 1) and polymer-modified warm mix asphalt with 5% and 6% polymer dosages at 130oC (case 2 and case 3), as well as the production of hot mix asphalt using polymer modification by wet mix - known as polymer modified binder/PMB at 180oC (case 4) and dry mix methods using 5% and 6% polymer dosages at 160oC (case 5 and case 6), with each case represented by five samples fabrication. Case 4 yields the highest carbon dioxide, the volatile organic compound (VOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), and particulate matter (PM10 and PM1) by a total of 8195ppm, 10.12ppm, 6.5ppm, 1643 µg/m3, and 838 µg/m3, respectively, except PM2.5, where the outcome of case 3 is 1.2% higher than case 4. Meanwhile, the lowest emissions are recorded for case 2 and case 5, with the ratio to case 4 ranging from 43.5% to 96.5%. The heating phase generally gives the highest contribution to the total result, with the proportion ranging from 43.5% for carbon dioxide to above 90% for particulate matter. To sum up, producing hot mix asphalt with PMB and the mixer blending stage generates the highest emission.

A mobile air quality monitoring study in Jakarta was undertaken in 2022 by the Clean Air Catalyst consortium, in partnership with Google Earth Outreach and Aclima, taking air pollution measurements using four specially equipped Google Street View cars. This study aims to map street-level PM2.5 pollution in a set of neighborhoods (polygons) throughout Jakarta to evaluate the variability caused by local emission sources and to observe the exposure to air pollution in areas with different income levels. To address these aims, we monitored the concentration five days a week, 8 am to 5 pm, from September to December in eight polygons, stratified to include high and low-income areas. The cars covered a distance of 7,750 km and at least 22 visits per location. PM2.5 concentrations were measured at 1-second intervals using a light-scattering sensor. This high-resolution data collection allowed for detailed monitoring and analysis of concentrations in the study area. The measurements showed temporal variability consistent with meteorological and activity patterns in Jakarta, with higher measured concentrations in the morning compared to the afternoon at most polygons. Median concentrations varied by 2x - >5x within individual polygons, and this variability was particularly evident in the northern part of Jakarta, encompassing both high-income and low-income neighborhoods, where these areas are significantly affected by traffic and industrial activities. The results demonstrate the extent to which PM2.5 concentrations and exposures within Jakarta neighborhoods depend on proximity to local air pollution sources.

This case study presents the successful implementation of a vacuum distillation system at PPLi for treatment of high-concentrated waste, with a focus on water recycling. The vacuum distillation unit employs advanced thermal heating and evaporation processes, facilitated by reduced pressure, to effectively separate contaminants from the waste stream. Operational parameters, including waste type, feed rate, temperature settings, and vacuum level, were meticulously optimized to achieve optimal treatment efficiency. The study conducted experimental trials over six months, rigorously monitoring and analyzing the treated water quality for chemical composition, total dissolved solids (TDS), and other relevant parameters. Results showed a remarkable reduction in TDS and chemical contaminants, ensuring compliance with stringent regulatory standards. Additionally, the case study explored potential reuse and recovery options for the separated concentrated waste. Laboratory tests examined the feasibility of utilizing the waste residues for energy generation or as raw materials for other processes. The successful implementation of the vacuum distillation system at PPLi underscores its practicality and effectiveness in treating high-concentrated waste while facilitating water recycling. This achievement represents a significant step towards reducing environmental impacts associated with waste disposal and conserving precious water resources. The insights gained from this study serve as a valuable reference for industrial facilities seeking sustainable waste management solutions, fostering a circular economy approach and promoting responsible environmental stewardship.

Maize is one of the important staple crops. The process of cultivating corn cannot be separated from pests and plant diseases, one of the attacking pests is Spodoptera frugiperda, which can attack the growing points of plants causing a decrease in corn production. Based on previous research conducted in vitro, bioinsecticide of Bacillus thuringiensis-base (Bt-base) liquid formula (namely Bashield®) was able to reduce pupal weight, the proportion of larvae-pupae, and pupal becomes abnormal. Action that can be taken to control this attack is by utilizing biological agent, B. thuringiensis strain BT2, as an alternative control. This research aims to evaluate or to determine the effectiveness of a new bioinsecticide of Bt-base liquid formula (Bashield®), as a control agent for S. frugiperda on maize in the field. This research was prepared at the Laboratory of Plant Protection and Environment, Universitas Trunojoyo Madura, and was conducted at the Horticultural Seed Garden, Socah District, Bangkalan Regency, East Java, Indonesia (7°05'17.2"S 112°42'32.0"E). The design used was a complete randomized block design (CRBD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The data were analyzed using 5% ANOVA and if there was a significant effect, then a DMRT follow-up test was carried out with a 5% level. The results showed that the 15% treatment was able to kill test larvae up to 78% with a high virulence level, and reduced damage up to 100%. In conclusion, the new Bt-base liquid formula, Bashield®, has good potential for effective biocontrol and contributed as a new biopesticide for S. frugiperda.

The low productivity of maize in traditional agriculture has worsened the demand and supply of maize production. This gap indicates the important role of the small farmer sector in producing maize. However, this also indicates that there will be serious consequences for food security in Indonesia if maize farmers experience crop failure. Because of these conditions, this article will analyze the technical efficiency of traditional maize farming using a randomly selected sample of 70 farmers. This research uses a stochastic frontier model of technical efficiency analysis through a linearized Cobb-Douglas production function to determine the input production elasticity coefficient, technical efficiency, and the determining factors of technical efficiency. This study found that maize production responded positively to increasing the amount of seed, urea fertilizer, and NPK fertilizer. Efficiency analysis shows that traditional farming activities for smallholder maize farmers are classified as technically efficient with a Technical Efficiency value of 0.821, which means farmers can combine inputs to produce optimal output. The results of this research empirically prove that small-scale agriculture in maize farming activities has a better level of technical efficiency. The results of this research also highlight the role of farmer groups in improving technical efficiency through better agricultural extension services and other access.

Writing this article aims to study the potential of shrimp shell waste to become a biopolymer that can be used in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Indonesia's oil production has decreased, one solution that can be done is Enhanced Oil Recovery, especially chemical injections in the form of polymers. Shrimp shell waste is quite abundant in Indonesia, but its utilization is not optimal. Shrimp shells contain chitin which can be processed into chitosan. Chitosan from shrimp shells can be developed as a biopolymer to increase the viscosity of water and reduce the mobility ratio of water and oil. The writing method used is to review several articles related to the processing of shrimp shells into chitosan biopolymer and polymer injection. Shrimp shell contains 15,33% chitin and the quality of the resulting chitosan has a Degree of Deacetylene (DD) value of 69,87%. Biopolymer obtained from the synthesis of shrimp shells can increase the viscosity of water and has the potential as an injection material in Enhanced Oil recovery, especially chemical injections that can increase the recovery of oil production.

Dietary assessment plays a crucial role in comprehending the ecological dynamics and nutritional needs of herbivores and omnivores. The metabarcoding technique has emerged as a potent tool for exploring the dietary composition of these animals. However, various metabarcoding techniques have been developed, each with its own advantages and limitations. This study aims to compare the performance of different metabarcoding techniques in herbivores and omnivores diet. We systematically reviewed 159 published manuscripts in Scopus and Google Scholar, and thematic analysis was conducted across several categories, including the marker, platform, and database utilized. Preliminary findings reveal significant variations among metabarcoding techniques across these two animal groups. The trnL gene exhibited higher taxonomic resolution for herbivorous species, whereas the combination of the 'trnL + 16s rRNA' gene exhibited superior performance for omnivorous species. The Illumina platform emerged as the most commonly used method for analyzing the diets of both herbivores and omnivores, with the primary reference database being the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). This study offers valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of different metabarcoding techniques for dietary assessment in herbivores and omnivores and optimizing metabarcoding protocols, facilitating more precise and reliable diet analyses within these ecological groups.

The Siak Hijau policy is a barometer of the success of regional governments in supporting the achievement of the SDGs in Indonesia. This policy is in line with the long-term vision for the development of Riau and Siak which prioritizes environmental governance, increasing participatory space and transparency. This study was carried out in collaboration between the Siak Regency Government, FITRA Riau and other stakeholders. The research method used is a qualitative research method, data collection is carried out using structured interviews and observation. Directed discussions at regional apparatus organization forums were carried out to obtain complete data. This study found that the green siak policy is a policy that has received a lot of support from non-governmental organizations. However, this policy is not yet gender responsive because there is no special budget allocation that is affirmative towards empowering women’s groups. Public participation in this policy is quite good considering that public involvement in planning and implementing the Green Siak policy continues to be encouraged by the Siak Regency regional government.

In women aged 17-50 years, a decrease in Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels will increase the hormone estrogen which requires cholesterol, so that cholesterol becomes low through inhibition of liver cholesterol biosynthesis. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in cholesterol levels between women and men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The study design was a cross-sectional analytic observational and purposive sampling technique with inclusion criteria of HbA1c > 6.5%. As a result, the average age of the male respondents was 44 years (SD±18.4), HbA1c 8.5% (SD±2.4), and cholesterol 212 mg/dL (SD±40), the average age of females was 58 years old (SD ± 7.7, HbA1c 10.6% (SD ± 3.4), and cholesterol 181 mg/dL (SD ± 37.6). The results of the Mann- Whitney test with p = 0.038 (p

Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in an organ of the human body. Asia is the continent that has the most significant number of new cases of cancer, with a percentage of 49.3% of the number of cancer patients in the world. Preventive action to deal with the spread of cancer is the responsibility of the government to improve the quality of health in the country, so it is necessary to take action to prevent the spread of cancer and help archieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the third point in the field of health. One of them is by determining the characteristics of the cancer and clustering countries in Asia based on their characteristics. This article will discuss the clustering of countries in Asia using fuzzy clustering in the form of fuzzy k-means, fuzzy Gustafson-Kessel babushka and fuzzy k-medoids. the results obtained from the analysis show that using fuzzy k-means will have a more excellent fuzzy silhouette index value compared to fuzzy Gustafson-Kessel babushka and fuzzy k-medoids, which is 0.6313.

The potential of Lerak fruit (Sapindus rarak) as a basic ingredient for medicine has been recognized because of its content, which is rich in saponin compounds. Saponin compounds are known to have antimicrobial effects, the ability to inhibit fungal growth, antidiabetic properties, and anti-inflammatory properties. To maximize the content of active compounds, optimization is required, including variations in extraction methods. This study aims to compare the levels of saponins produced by the maceration and Soxhletation extraction methods. Saponin levels were tested using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method with standard Diosgenin. Data were analyzed using independent t-test statistics. The yield of the maceration and Soxhletation extraction methods was 70.59±0.505% and 84.71±1.956% respectively. The results of saponin levels obtained from the maceration and Soxhletation extracts were 1.395±0.005μgde/ml and 1.904±0.015 μgde/ml respectively. The statistical test results showed a significant value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, with a 95% confidence level. The conclusion of this study was that there were significant differences in saponin levels in the macerated and soxhleted lerak extract, with the highest levels found in the Soxhletation method with levels of 1.904±0.015 μgde/ml.

The purpose of the study was to observe behaviour daily and investigate its management practices at the Semarang Zoo. Scan sampling was used to monitor the behaviours of three solitary binturongs in 3.0 × 1.5 m enclosures which reflected their solitary nature. Diurnal observations revealed that binturongs spent over 50% of their time sleeping and resting, consistent with their nocturnal habits. A daily diet of papaya, banana, cucumber, and chicken meat was provided to support their lives. Management strategies such as daily enclosure cleaning, freshwater supply, and health care every three months were implemented. It suggested that welfare could be enhanced by adding enrichment activities and increasing the variety of diets. Observations during daylight hours highlighted the need for further studies on both diurnal and nocturnal activity patterns. Conservation institutions believed that research on phylogenetics and genetic diversity of binturongs was critical for effective species conservation. Based on detailed observation and analysis, it was found that effective management practices significantly improved the welfare of captive binturongs. These findings provide essential insights into binturong behaviour and care, the development of best practices for zoo management as well as support for the ongoing conservation initiatives.

The organic waste treatment process using Black Soldier Larvae (BSF) produces liquid biofertilizer (LB) that contains functional microbes and macro and micronutrients that potentially can stimulate plant growth. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of liquid biofertilizer from waste bioconversion by BSF on the growth of arabica coffee seedlings. The experiment used a randomized block design with 7 treatments, which consisted of: no treatment (control), 1.5% LB spraying, 3% LB spraying, 6% LB spraying, 3% LB watering, 6% LB watering, and 12% LB watering, with 4 replications and each replication containing 10 plants. All treatments were given once a month, to the 1-month-old seedlings. The test results showed that the application of LB significantly increased stem diameter and the number of leaves of Arabica coffee seedlings 4 months after application (MAA). In seedlings aged 4 MAA, spraying 6% LB resulted in the highest increase in stem diameter, while the highest number of leaves was obtained from watering 3% LB. Additionally, in 12 months old seedlings, Arabica coffee's highest fresh shoot weight was obtained by spraying 1.5% LB compared to other treatments.

Kemiri Sunan [Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw] is a crop oil-producing plant with great potential as a source of raw materials for the oleochemical, biofuels, and other derivate product industries. Here, we focus on the prospect and potential of the kemiri sunan plant as a potential source of biofuel from inedible crops. The main potential lies in the fruit, which a dry seed production rate of 10-15 tons/ha/year or equivalent to about 8 tonnes of crude oil/ha/yr or about 7 tonnes of biodiesel/ha/yr. This uniqueness can be used as a source of raw materials for biofuel and other chemical industries that do not compete with crop oils for food. However, its current development in Indonesia is still constrained by the availability of land. The alternative that can be taken is to utilize unproductive land, including sub-optimal land, ex-mining land, and other degraded lands. Constraints of limited land for the development of kemiri sunan can be overcome by utilizing less productive lands, including ex-mining land, dry climate dry land, and reservoir buffer land. The condition of the land is sufficient to support the growth and development of the kemiri sunan plant which is quite good. The plant's character is in the form of a tree with a shady leaf crown and a deep root system that makes this plant very useful as a conservation plant on these lands.

The EPC (Engineering Procurement Construction) industry is one of the most dynamic industries. The problems faced are related to market conditions that often change, short construction periods, and fluctuations in material prices that are difficult to predict. This dynamic requires an appropriate forecasting model, which can predict the pattern of material price movements and anticipate the occurrence of fluctuations in the future. This research aims to get the best price during the project tender process. This study model the forecasting of construction iron prices in the future by considering the historical pattern of construction iron price data, the value of foreign exchange rates, and the price of billets as raw materials for construction iron. The forecasting procedure used is nonparametric, which involves several statistical tests such as cross-correlation, linearity, and error assessment. The results of this study can be a firm reference for the price value of construction iron, which makes it easier for management to determine an accurate and competitive project value.

Indonesian education has gone through various development processes, one of which is curriculum development. Character education is important to be instilled in students because the formation of national character is one of the goals of national education. Ethnoeconomic focuses on how cultural values, social norms, and traditional practices affect the way individuals or groups manage resources. Essential learning in the independent curriculum, one of which is ethnoeconomic learning. Strengthening the profile of Pancasila students leads to the integration of student characters in ethnoeconomic learning. Many studies have examined the strengthening of the profile of Pancasila students.The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of ethnoeconomic learning approaches to strengthening the Pancasila students profile based on analyzing the results of several studies with an average effect size of 0.027 with a p-value value of < 0.001, because the p-value < 0.05, the average effect size of 10 significant studies even though it was relatively small. Ethnoeconomic learning approaches have a significant influence on strengthening the Pancasila student profile. This research is known after analyzing measurements with the application of JASP statistics from several articles that have similarities in their research problems.

This paper aims to examine the impact of social media on mental health. Aqueous monosodium glutamate (MSG) was mixed with polyethylene (PEG400 and PEG600), and the resulting mixture was weighed and subjected to acoustic density and velocity measurements. These combinations ranged from 0.01-0.03 mol.kg−1 in concentration. The Anton Paar DSA 5000 M was used to take the readings, which showed a temperature range of 288.15K to 318.15K. The experimental data was used to derive several acoustic and thermodynamic properties, such as intermolecular free length, acoustic impedance, adiabatic compressibility, Wada’s constant, Rao’s constant, and Vander Waal’s constant. To better comprehend the intermolecular processes occurring in a ternary mixture of monosodium glutamate (MSG), polyethylene glycols (PEG400, and PEG600), these simulations were carried out. The goal of these calculations was to produce this result.

Surabaya State University is one of the Universities that has changed its campus autonomy from a Public Service Agency State University to a Legal Entity State University. These changes are regulated in Government Regulation Number 37 of 2022 concerning State Universities Legal Entities of Surabaya State University. The change in status has a significant impact in various ways and one of them is on the management of Unesa’s Wealth, as stipulated in [1] Article 88 paragraph (1) of PP No.37 of 2022 concerning PTNBH Surabaya State University stated that “Unesa’s initial wealth as referred to in [1] Article 87 paragraph (1) point a is in the form of state wealth separated except land. This research arises because specifically the use of land assets is regulated separately unlike other assets of Surabaya State University, so further study is needed in this study. The problem to be studied is, first, how is the juridical analysis of land assets at Surabaya State University as PTNBH? Second, how is the management and utilization of land assets at Surabaya State University as PTNBH? The problems in this study will be analyzed using normative legal research methods, namely studies based on legal philosophy, legal theories, legal principles and applicable legal norms using a normative juridical approach.

Situs inversus totalis is the complete transpositioning of thoracoabdominal viscera into a mirror image of the normal configuration. Choledochal cyst is the congenital cystic dilation of the biliary tract. Both these conditions coexisting in a patient is extremely rare. We hereby present a case of type IC choledochal cyst in a patient with situs inversus totalis presenting with biliary sepsis secondary to choledocholithiasis. Also detailed are the management and operative strategies employed to deal with this rare entity.

L’application solaire flottante (FPV) est très appropriée pour les zones où la disponibilité des terres est limitée, utilisant des réservoirs de barrage ou des lacs. Il présente également plusieurs avantages en termes d’aspects environnementaux, tels que la conservation de l’eau en raison d’une diminution du taux d’évaporation et l’inhibition de la croissance des algues en réduisant l’intensité de la lumière solaire. Cependant, les directives locales spécifiées pour les usines FPV en Indonésie ne sont toujours pas disponibles pour le moment. Ces dernières années, plusieurs études ont été menées sur le potentiel de l’installation de PV solaire flottant (FPV) dans le réservoir du barrage en Indonésie en tenant compte de trois aspects, à savoir (1) technique, (2) environnemental, (3) aspects juridiques et commerciaux. Ce document présente principalement deux aspects ; technique et juridique. L’aspect technique s’est concentré sur les critères de conception proposés en tenant compte de toutes les normes locales (nationales) et internationales pertinentes. L’aspect juridique a introduit quelques problèmes concernant la fourniture d’électricité et la disposition relative à l’accord sur le niveau de service. Cet article a également discuté des barrages Charlie comme cas d’étude pour la mise en oeuvre des critères proposés dans cet article. Le barrage Charlie est un barrage existant situé dans la province centrale de Java, en Indonésie.

This paper will explore Semen Padang’s various contributions to nationwide COVID-19 impact mitigation efforts, bringing together the company’s operational aspects while still paying close attention to the conservation of its surrounding areas, as well as the empowerment of local communities devastated by the pandemic. In its environmental management aspects, the company has shifted from using non-renewable fuel to renewable ones by utilizing agro-industrial waste. In the social aspects, the company still goes ahead with its development of an ecotourism ecosystem to make sure community to sustain their welfare. From all the efforts mentioned above, the company has been able to manage COVID-19-related waste, while boosting energy efficiency, reducing its toxic and hazardous waste, utilizing filter bags containing its toxic and hazardous waste, reducing its particulate emission, boosting water use efficiency in its Indarung factory, conserving the germ plasm of the Bilih fish species, as well as the empowerment of communities living in the vicinity of ecotourism area, in the Lambung Bukit area. When the COVID-19 pandemic escalated in Indonesia, Semen Padang was at the forefront of medical waste management from pandemic-spreading activities while also maintaining cement production operations for the needs of sustainable national development.

Unlike the earlier generation, millennials are known to have different tastes and preferences due to their exposure to the digital world around them and consumer behaviorism. This study aims to investigate the preferences of millennials as consumers for the modern Bakpia products with focus on their consumer preferences and tendencies. This study was carried out using online questionnaire, descriptive methods and Conjoin analysis involving 96 millennials. Descriptive analysis and conjoint analysis were used to analyse data. The results show that the profile of millennials as consumers in this study consist of female participants aged 21-25 years who are students and has an income of less than IDR 1,000,000. The study also found that the millennials preference towards modern Bakpia products include factors such as taste, price and packaging attributes. Additionally, the most preferred Bakpia flavour is Chocolate and the preferred packaging is rectangle of 10 pcs. The study ends with suggestions for producers of Bakpia towards capturing the millennial consumers because they do have high demand on bakpia with creative promotion and quality.

Padang Pariaman Regency is one of the coastal regencies in West Sumatra which brackish aquaculture have been developed recently, especially shrimp pond aquaculture. This study was conducted to convey the pond's general condition, including the current status and the problems in aquaculture development. The method used was a desk study through the description of the status and the problems. Based on the study, the development of shrimp ponds increased quickly (63.77 ha) until 2019, which the largest number of ponds was in Batang Anai District, and spreading over 35 points. The production of that shrimp ponds in Padang Pariaman Regency reached 1,500 tons or Rp. 135 million (in 2017), which is marketed locally and outside Padang Pariaman. Problems that arose along with shrimp pond activities are 1. Shrimp pond construction is built very close to coastal areas 2. Shrimp pond activities do not have a business license, 3. Poor waste management of shrimp culture, 4. It is low involvement of the local community as technicians at the shrimp ponds, 5. Business license arrangement is done through third parties, and 6. It is an incompatibility between the area of ponds in the license and the real size of the ponds.

Nowadays having a traditional way recording inventory were very troublesome. Inventory stock is very important when someone run a retail business. If they are not managing inventory well, they will be experiencing losses as if they supply too much, it will risk damaging the stocks and may spending too much storage costs, and vice versa, if the supplies are not sufficient then the customer needs cannot be fulfilled and they will lose profits. Therefore, demand for next period should be estimated, so that customer demand can still be met and they are not bearing the cost of having too many stocks. Shop XYZ is a retail business that sells household daily needs, and they don’t know exact number of items in the warehouse. With these problems, this research aims to create procedures and how to forecast reorder quantity of each selected items.

For the gas treatment process, the process that occurs is separating the gas from the components of H2S, CO2, and H2O. The separation of gases from these components uses the aid of Amine fluid and TEG fluid. The unit that important in this process are Amine and TEG Contactor. To be able to separate the three components from the gas, the mass flow rate of Amine and TEG must be controlled so that the processing can work optimally. In reality in the field, the input of this process from the well is not always steady. So, this condition becomes a disturbance from the control process. The solution to minimize the disturbance of process with Advanced Process Control (APC). Therefore, this research will design APC on Amine and TEG Contactor to improve the stability of the mass flow response of Amine and TEG. In designing APC, the plant model is required first. Plant modelling obtained with software HYSYS and validated with MATLAB. The result shows the RMSE value below 5 %. The result proved to be able to make the process more stable from before design proven by slurries settling time, steadystate errors and maximum overshoot.

Colour is the most important indicators of quality in ornamental fish, making the exploration to find new sources of pigments in ornamental fish is growing. This study aimed to determine the optimum dose of tubifex and carrot meal combination to enhance the quality of color in Botia Chromobotia macracanthus. This study was designed using Completely Randomized Design with six treatments in triplicates: a) commercial feed (control), b) 70% Tubifex + 3% carrot meal + 27% commercial feed, c) 60% Tubifex + 4% carrot meal + 36% commercial feed, d) 50% Tubifex + 5 % carrot meal + 45% commercial feed, e) 40% Tubifex + 6% carrot meal + 54% commercial feed, and f) 30% Tubifex + 7% carrot meal + 63% commercial feed. Parameters observed were color change level, which was tested using the Kruskal-Wallis method; survival rate (SR) tested using analysis of variance through the F test; and water quality. Results showed that the best color enhancement seen in treatment with 50% Tubifex + 5% carrot meal + 45% commercial feed combination with an average body color of 5.04 in Toca Colour Finder code 0605. The caudal fin color was enhanced with an average score of 3.93 in code 0805.

Sea cucumber Holothuria scabra has high market value and demand, consequently its stock has sharply declined due to overexploitation. Aquaculture of sea cucumbers is a key to conserve and to restore the decreasing population while producing them for commercial purpose. The obstacles in scale-up production are still need to be addressed in nursery stage, juvenile release techniques and grow out which can be implemented in pond culture. Growth performance of H. scabra juvenile cultured in floating hapas was investigated in pond in Sekotong, West Lombok. In 12 weeks of field trial, the effect of three different initial groups of juvenile: small (1.42 + 0.01 g ind-1), medium (3.42 + 0.02 g ind-1) and big (7.77 + 0.02 g ind-1) were tested on their growth and survival by Completely Randomized Design. The result showed both Specific Growth Rate and Weight Gain were higher in small group (2.57 + 0.11 ‰d-1 and 2.57 + 0.11 %, respectively). The highest survival rate was in the biggest initial size group. Pond in Sekotong, West Lombok is potential for nursery and grow out of H. scabra juvenile.

The era of seed commercialization with agribusiness perspective is marked by the stipulation of Government Regulation No. 22/191. However, in general the stipulation of the government regulation has not been able to provide quality paddy seeds according to farmers’ needs and instead the paddy production tends to be stagnant. In very difficult conditions to carry out intensification and conversion of agricultural land that continues to suppress food production, the position and function of quality paddy seeds becomes very strategic in the increasing production, therefore, quality paddy seeds must be available enough for all farmers. The current problems in the supply of quality paddy seeds from the formal channel, among others: lack of cooperation between institutions and weak supervision. Under these conditions the role of informal paddy seeds is large enough to support paddy production so that West Java paddy production can be met according to the targets set. Therefore, solutions should be found in the supply of quality paddy seeds, not only through formal channels, but also through informal channels. This study uses descriptive analysis to formulate institutional strengthening of formal and informal complementary paddy seed systems to increase production and income of paddy farmers in West Java.

To determine the level of success and effectiveness of MOOC in the learning system, it is important to measure the quality of service. The aim of this study is to measure the perceptions and expectations of MOOC users. The method of this study is the SERVQUAL model which is combined with a fuzzy approach, so that it can be measured accurately. From the calculation, the results show that Reliability dimension has the largest gap with a gap value (-13,2325), so there are needed an improvement by the university. While Assurance dimension has the smallest gap with a value of gap (-10,0025) this is considered by the user to be a better dimension than the others. From the calculation of the overall gap value obtained, the result shows a value of -57.65, which means that the quality of service received by users is not in line with expectations.

Natural Gas is the cleanest source of fossil energy, resulting in lower carbon emissions from coal and oil. In gas processing, the process done to separate the product composition is the fractionation process. In the gas industry, facilities/parts that are specifically to perform the process are called liquefied petroleum gas Facility plant (LPGF). Process Control is the key to a safe and profitable process industry. The Plantwide control is a structural design and control strategy for the factory as a whole. The preferred control method on this final task is the PID for regulatory control as well as the decentralized supervisory control for supervisory control and the real time optimizer for its optimization. The new plantwide control procedure can increase the profit in the process liquefied petroleum gas facility plant up to USD 643 h–1 (3 %) and decreased energy use by USD 5 h–1 (5.16 %). The application of the Plantwide control on the liquefied petroleum gas facility is also able to produce a stable system response when the interruption of the feed flow rate changes. This is demonstrated by decreasing slurries time and maximum overshoot as well as eliminating steady-state errors.

LPG gas is the main fuel used in households. These days LPG gas leak triggered an accident that resulted in huge losses, especially if the accident occurred within the dense housing. LPG gas leakage monitoring and early detection of a gas leak and a leak warning is needed to prevent more fatal accident. Wireless sensor networking is a technology that can be used to build a centralized monitoring system by using a microcontroller as the interface and control system. This research developed system device monitoring and early detection of gas leaks by utilizing gas sensors MQ-4 and AVR microcontroller family as control devices. The system is also equipped with XBee PRO S2B nirkable devices as the interface to the wireless networking system that is used to transmit sensor data from the detection point to the monitoring center equipped with a PC and software integrated Visual Basic. Gas leak alert is sent with the message formats through social networking Gtalk.

Heavy metal is one of the most substances occur in water pollutants. It is harmful to humans and other living things. The biosorption of pectin from durian rind is used as a heavy metal binder. However, the type of pectin presented in organic waste is generally HMP (High Methoxyl Pectin), which previously should be demethylation. Durian rind used in this study are originated from Bogor West Java. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of pectin biosorbent in reducing the concentration of heavy metal (Pb II). Pectin extraction was carried out at 80 °C within a time variation of 1; 5; and 6 hours. The results showed that the most optimum pectin is with 6 hours of extraction time where the methoxyl content is 3.46%; weight equivalent 3860 % galacturonate content; the degree of esterification 20.29%; and lead (Pb II) uptake 97%. While durian seeds do not contain pectin.

The E-Commerce system in the shrimp paste industry is designed to increase the marketing and branding of Payangan shrimp paste. The shrimp paste produced by KUB (Kelompok Usaha Bersama—Business Group) and Poklahsar (Kelompok Pengolah Pemasaran—Marketing Processing Group) consisting of a number of joint household industries is yet to meet the sales number set. Shrimp paste has several variants, such as the processed one, the raw one and one in the form of powder which constitute the result of the development of maritime research group of Universitas Jember. The target market of the product is both national and international, especially for the powder shrimp paste which is the recent innovation of the maritime research group. It is considered to be a possibility to increase the sales figures and to decrease the marketing costs by optimizing the use of the internet. In order to do so, a system should be design using Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT) to build an e-commerce application. It is expected that the E-Commerce application can increase the sales of the shrimp paste and reach a wider number of consumers.

The various setting of granular systems becomes an interesting and important thing to learn another granular-like system. Each system can represent different physical meaning. In this work, we perform two dimensions simulations of granular on the rigid wall. The varying initial velocities generate for each particle. We used two sets of the rigid wall, straight and inclined wall. The interaction of particle-particle and wall-particles used frictionless rigid body interaction. From the simulation result, observed that the small increment of a given velocity affected the reached maximum height particle as rapidly. The inclined wall indicates the less number of particles that pass through the wall. Future work can implement these results such as on granular energy damping.

This paper describes the influence of the number of rotor blades the performance of the orthopter wind turbine. The orthopter wind turbine is combination between a drag-type and a lift-type vertical axis wind turbine which each blade combines a rotating movement around its own axis and a rotating movement around turbine's axis. In this case, the pitch of the blades was controlled by using a chain and sprockets arrangement to ensure that the blades rotated around their own axis by 360 degrees during the each two full revolution of the main rotor. To improve the performance of this wind turbine, the number of blades, was investigated by wind tunnel. By conducting two-dimensional unsteady CFD simulations, the power and torque of the vertical axis wind turbine and the flow around blades were also analyzed. The numerical simulation by using turbulence model predicted good agreement of the performance with experiment qualitatively.

Plagiarism occurs when the students have tasks and pursued by the deadline. Plagiarism is considered as the fastest way to accomplish the tasks. This reason makes the author tried to build a plagiarism detection system with Winnowing algorithm as document similarity search algorithm. The documents that being tested are Indonesian journals with extension .doc, .docx, and/or .txt. Similarity calculation process through two stages, the first is the process of making a document fingerprint using Winnowing algorithm and the second is using Jaccard coefficient similarity. In order to develop this system, the author used iterative waterfall model approach. The main objective of this project is to determine the level of plagiarism. It is expected to prevent plagiarism either intentionally or unintentionally before our journal published by displaying the percentage of similarity in the journals that we make.

Many advantages of burden wastes which adversely impact to the environment in the form of solid waste. Green shellfish wastes are used for resources of chitosan. The aim of this works is to identify the effectiveness of chitosan application into 2 kinds of moist foods; wet noodles and meatballs. The concentration of chitosan are 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. The samples are immersed for 0,15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The study has found the water content of chitin is 8.31% and chitosan is 6.83%. The degree of deacetylation of chitin is 37.81% and chitosan is 82%. The best concentration of chitosan for wet noodle is 1.5% -2% with the immersion of 45 -60 minutes, and for meatballs is 1.5%-2% with the immersion of 15 minutes. The organoleptic test, on day-3 noodle and meatball, is still in good condition. If no chitosan added the noodles sample is day-1 is in fair condition, while meatball should be consumed directly because in day-1 is becoming chewy with a sour taste, and on day-2 are overgrown with mushrooms.

The Blawan-Ijen volcanic complex is located in Bondowoso regencies, East Java province. The complex is expected to have geothermal system which is indicated by the occurrence of Blawan hotspring, acid lake on Ijen Crater and alterations. In 2017, measurements of gravity and magnetic methods have been conducted for the first time through the PITTA 2017 program. In 2018, further measurements are carried out to infill the previous data in order to strengthen the interpretation results. There are 151 stations obtained from each method until 2018. In this study, gravity method is used to detect the contrast density of an anomalous body while magnetic method is applied to discover the location of demagnetization zone. This paper presents the integration of both methods in geothermal exploration to determine the geothermal prospect area. The result of CBA and residual gravity indicated the existence of high gravity anomaly in the center to the southwest of the study area. Moreover, after processing RTP on magnetic data, there is the presence of low magnetic anomaly usually associated with demagnetization zone. Generally, the overall results supported one each other and pointed out the occurrence of the geothermal prospect possibly around the center of the study area.

The object that will be developed in this study is a simple technology shredding machine design, artificial and has been patented by Andi Patolla (1988). which is often used by people specifically to grate the coconut. The methods used for product development using QFD. This method is needed to analyze and evaluate the level of consumer desires in order to develop products grate machine. The subject matter of the research outlined in the distribution table discussion. The research instrument used when data collection is questionnaire technique, which is supported by the observation technique, documentation, and interviews. From the discussion that has been done, it can be concluded that the priority consumers are very stressed to do a modification component or an additional tool in the machine grater multipurpose namely Cover Safeguard Fan Belt, Exhaust, Priority Motor Driving Fuel Gasoline, layout position Mover, Motor Starter, Plastic cleaning brush Roll Grate, and Plate Cap. 2.

Foreign nationals in Malaysia come from all corners of the world. They are here as migrant labour, highly skilled and professional migrants (expatriates), illegal migrants, refugees, asylum-seekers (Burmese asylum seekers with UNHCR card), forced migrants (human trafficking victims), students, and tourists. The influx of foreign nationals residing in Malaysia coincides with greater number of crime news featuring foreign nationals. This study explores the social construction of foreign nationals as the ‘other’ in the local crime news published by Malaysian newspapers. 94 news headlines and lead sentences of local crime news involving foreign nationals were identified and analysed for this study. Findings suggest that Malaysian newspapers magnify foreign nationals’ migration status in each crime news.

The structure of stiffened plate is widely used in engineering since 19th century and is currently used in many modern applications. When stiffened square plate was imposed to extremely high load, the thin plate structure will deform. This research is carried out to find the solution in optimizing the structure of stiffened square plate topographically. The structure of square plate is analysed by applying uniformly distributed load of 5 bar. Finite element analysis is carried out to identify the potential design in obtaining optimum solution in designing ultimate stiffened plate. Result shows that the performance of stiffened square plate structure can be improved approximately by 80% in terms of tension and compression using topography optimization of finite element analysis.

The development of geopolymers has allowed the flash as the substitution of cement in the application of concrete. Therefore, this will be very useful considering the quite abundant by-product materials from power plants burning coal in South Sumatera. However, the untreated fly ash from the source caused its fineness level unpredictable, whereas the fineness of binder in cementitious material significantly affects the mechanical properties of the harden. Therefore, this study aims to determine the contribution of the fineness level of fly ash to the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar, as well as its excellent composition. Type F fly ash from Tanjung Enim Power Plant was treated by filtering to obtain different fineness levels based on the fall zones of the ash. Activators used in geopolymer mixing were sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) with three activator/fly ash ratios which was 0.25, 0.35 and 0.45. The results showed that the fineness level based on fall zone as well as the activator to fly ash ratio significantly influenced the compressive strength of the geopolymer mortar. The compressive strength of the F4-P4 specimen of geopolymer mortar with zone-4 fly ash and an activator ratio of 0.45 achieved 28.2 MPa at 28 days.