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Abstract: We report the first case of glenohumeral Salmonella arthritis in an immunocompetent 86-year-old woman. There was no entry point. An empirical antibiotherapy was started then adapted according to culture results. Given the persistence of symptoms, an arthroscopy was performed at 72hours for a joint lavage and synovectomy. Postoperative course was good. Apyrexia was obtained by 72hours and inflammatory syndrome was normalized in 12 days. The patient was reviewed regularly until the 3rd month. She has no clinical sequelae. Her osteoarthritis remained stable throughout follow-up. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Physiotherapy is indicated in most if not all situations of painful shoulders. We have been using the Global Shoulder Concept over the last 25 years. After functional evaluation and careful examination of the shoulder (range of motion in flexion, abduction and horizontal adduction), we perform resisting tests for each tendinomuscular group and bursitis clinical tests. Based on the results, physiotherapy protocol is adapted specifically to each patient. Unadjustements of glenohumeral joints are corrected. Dynamic harmonisation (lateral rotators strengthening work) is done, first by electrostimulation then by muscular contraction against resistance when no pain is left. Recovering of scapulothoracic mobility is always performed. The next step is reinforcement of scapulohumeral muscles in compression for stabilizing humeral head. A neuromuscular reset in closed chain and double task ends the program. Based on initial evaluation, this rehabilitation program can be adapted to patients with bursitis, tendinopathy or rotator cuff tear. Continuing this program up to complete stabilization followed by self-rehabilitation is critical to minimize the risk of recurrence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In healthy volunteers, the kinematics of the scapula measured with a 3-dimensional electromagnetic device shows a characteristic “M”-shape pattern of protraction/retraction curve in maximal sagittal arm elevation. This pattern may allow a good alignment of the humeral head and the glenoid predisposing to a better congruence of the articular surfaces. In two models of limited glenohumeral motion (frozen shoulder or glenohumeral osteoarthritis), we observed higher scapular lateral rotation for the affected shoulders during arm elevation in the frontal and sagittal planes. Furthermore, the scapulohumeral rhythm of the affected shoulder is inversely related to severity of limitation of shoulder range of motion, which suggests a compensatory pattern. In rotator cuff tendinopathies and shoulder instability, some studies showed an alteration of the position and the kinematics of the scapula associated with a modification of the scapulothoracic muscles activity. Integration of compensatory movements of the scapula and scapular muscle exercises in programs of shoulder rehabilitation may allow the recuperation of the global mobility and the muscular strength. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears comprise a partial interruption of the continuity of the tendon, with no relation to glenohumeral joint and subacromial bursa, as opposed to complete tears or the rotator cuff, and essentially affect the supraspinatus tendon. These might be in the form of bursal side tears, articular side tears or intrasubstance tears. Partial bursal side tears are explained by an impingement syndrome. Partial articular side tears are explained by a degeneration of the tendon and may be favoured by a trauma in patients over 40. In younger patients, partial bursal side tears may be due to an anterior instability, a posterior-superior glenoid impingement or to a trauma. The frequency of partial intrasubstance tears is probably underestimated because of the difficulties of diagnosis, now improved by magnetic resonance imaging. The therapeutic strategy depends on the age of the patient, the anatomic type and the extent of the lesion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The authors report a case of transection of the axillary artery and brachial plexus paralysis following recurrent anterior glenohumeral dislocation. Subsequent vascular reconstruction was performed using a venous interposition graft. The brachial plexus was explored at the same time and found to be in continuity. Neurological recovery was complete within a few months. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aims: Authors report their personal experience on the surgical treatment of repeated anterior shoulder dislocations, using an anterior bone block in accordance with the procedure suggested by Didier Patte. Results: From the year 1988 and during 10years, 35patients suffering from repeated anterior shoulder dislocations were surgically treated by this procedure. It was appropriate to retrospectively review the clinical and functional outcomes after Patte repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. The mean follow-up was approximately 10years, with a mean percentage of 75% for the observance. There was no recurrence after surgery. Moreover, 88% of patients had good outcomes, according to the scale suggested by Butel et al., with total resumption of work and physical activities. The occurrence of chronic complication such as osteoathrosis was scarce (only one case for the series), while 20% of subjects showed apprehension during some specific shoulder movements. Conclusion: In order to expect best functional outcomes, the choice of the surgical procedure should take into account the extent of initial injury. Considering these ground requirements, the Patte procedure seems to provide very satisfactory long-term functional outcomes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We report the case of a successful interscalene block for the pain management of a glenohumeral luxation in prehospital care. Interscalene block is an attractive technique in prehospital pain management. However, this regional anaesthesia technique must be performed only by a skilled anaesthesiologist. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]