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Andesitic volcanic hydrosystems in Indonesia are mostly hydrogeologically unknown despite their socio-economic importance. The development of robust and easy-to-implement methodologies to conceptualize and quantify the water cycle components becomes a prerequisite for their sustainable management.We developed a lumped hydrological model to mimic the structure and functioning of a previously unknown hydrosystem located on the flanks of the Salak volcano (West Java). The structure of the aquifers was revealed with electrical resistivity tomography. The distinction between springs fed by the extensive artesian aquifer and others fed by shallow perched aquifers was obtained mostly using hydrochemistry. The elevation of the recharge area was identified using isotopic analysis of spring water.After designing the hydrological model structure, we carried out a probabilistic parameters exploration using the multiple-try differential evolution adaptive Metropolis algorithm to calibrate aquifer discharge. Multiple Markov chains allow a better exploration of the parameter values. The Bayesian approach provides the best water cycle simulation with a parameter uncertainty analysis, improving the accuracy and representation of the water cycle appropriate for previously unknown hydrosystems.

The role of aquifers in extreme hydrological events has been highlighted in numerous different contexts, both for river high flows and low flows. Many aquifers are monitored by networks of piezometers that measure groundwater levels: their long-term records allow for a joint analysis of contemporaneous streamflow time series. Yet, groundwater level data are rarely used in surface hydrological modelling approaches, because of the huge complexity of river–aquifer interactions. We propose a simple correlation analysis between yearly extrema of groundwater level and streamflow time series, performed on a large set of 107 catchments and 355 piezometers, located throughout mainland France. We show that it is possible to discriminate between aquifers that correlate only with high-flow events, only with low flows, with both types of events or with none of them. Our typology presents new opportunities to characterise the surface–groundwater exchanges, which can be very important for understanding the occurrence of river extremes.

While it is well accepted that climate change and growing water needs affect long-term sustainable water resources management, performing accurate simulations of water cycle and energy balance dynamics at regional scale remains a challenging task.Traditional Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere-Transfer (SVAT) models are used for numerical surface water and energy simulations. These models, by conception, do not account for the groundwater lower boundary that permits a full hydrosystem representation. Conversely, while addressing important features such as subsurface heterogeneity and river–aquifer exchanges, groundwater models often integrate overly simplified upper boundary conditions ignoring soil heating and the impacts of vegetation processes on radiation fluxes and root-zone uptakes. In this paper, one of the first attempts to jointly model water and energy fluxes with a special focus on both surface and groundwater at the regional scale is proposed on the Seine hydrosystem (78,650 km$^{2}$), which overlays one of the main multi-aquifer systems of Europe.This study couples the SVAT model ORCHIDEE and the process-based hydrological–hydrogeological model CaWaQS, which describes water fluxes, via a one-way coupling approach from ORCHIDEE toward CaWaQS based on the blueprint published by [de Marsily et al., 1978]. An original transport library based on the resolution of the diffusion/advection transport equation was developed in order to simulate heat transfer in both 1D-river networks and pseudo-3D aquifer systems. In addition, an analytical solution is used to simulate heat transport through aquitards and streambeds. Simulated ORCHIDEE surface water and energy fluxes feed fast surface runoff and slow recharge respectively and then is used as CaWaQS forcings to compute river discharges, hydraulic heads and temperature dynamics through space and time, within each of the hydrosystem compartments. The tool makes it possible to establish a fully consistent water and energy budget over a period of 17 years. It also simulates temperature evolution in each aquifer and evaluates that river thermal regulation mostly relies by order of importance on short wave radiations (109.3 W${\cdot }$m$^{-2}$), groundwater fluxes (48.1 W${\cdot }$m$^{-2}$) and surface runoff (22.7 W${\cdot }$m$^{-2}$).

This paper is intended to be a reminder of a series of scientific works whose origin is largely attributable to G. de Marsily, without attempting to make an exhaustive overview of submarine springs and coastal karst aquifers. The main results show that coastal karst aquifers with their submarine outlets and the possibility of natural seawater intrusion are particularly fragile and must be studied and managed with appropriate tools. For the coming decades, the evolution of the climate as results from the IPCC scenarios leads us to question the effects of the increase of sea level on this coastal resource, and the effects of frequent and severe droughts, added to an increase in withdrawals from aquifers caused by the coastalisation of the population.

The stream network is a major feature of a landscape, conveying water, sediment, and solute from hillslopes to the ocean. Noticeably, from a large-scale point of view, the elevation of the talwegs of perennial streams is an important head boundary condition for both surface and groundwater flow originating from hillslopes. Assuming a wireframe (1D) representation of talweg lines, the problem of interpolating elevation between talwegs has received attention for applications such as flood mapping using Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND, [Nobre et al., 2011]), or groundwater level interpolation in low-conductivity aquifer systems. In this study we propose an alternate definition of this large-scale base level concept introduced by [Wyns et al., 2004], namely the Basal Envelope Surface of Talwegs (BEST) and the associated Height Above the Basal Envelope Surface of Talwegs (HABEST), along with a procedure to compute it using the Analytic Element Method (AEM). It can be defined as the head distribution satisfying Laplace equation (Darcy flow with vanishing divergence), with stream segments set as Dirichlet boundary conditions. The BEST is thus the real part of a complex analytic (holomorphic) function which can be modeled using analytic slit elements, with very low computational requirements and without the need for kriging, as it is often seen in the literature. This analytic model is extended to the case of a non-zero, uniform divergence flow (head distribution satisfying a Poisson equation) which can be useful to analyse groundwater levels at catchment scale.

Groundwater is an essential water resource for domestic use, agriculture and other socioeconomic activities, as well as ecological services around the world. Participative approach to water resources management is essential, and requires all stakeholders to have sufficient knowledge and understanding of processes taking place, from rainfall to recharge, drainage and discharge ([De Marsily and Besbes, 2017]). Understanding unseen processes require abstraction and imagination. In many cases, detailed 3D conceptual models may help non-specialists to understand underground environments and thereby address questions related to the management of groundwater resources ([Jeannin et al., 2013, Malard, 2018]). In order to increase the understanding of dynamic hydrogeological processes, a flow animation module (FAM) has been developed within Visual KARSYS (https://www.visualkarsys.com/); a web tool dedicated to 3D conceptual modelling of complex aquifers. Concepts and principles of 3D conceptual models and of the new FAM are presented and discussed in this paper with an application to a volcanic aquifer in Indonesia.

The paper underlines the contributions of Ghislain de Marsily (GdM) to the identification of aquifers heterogeneity using inverse methods mainly for modeling subsurface flow. Inverse methods require an objective function to express the goodness of fit of the chosen model, a parameterization to describe the spatial distribution of model parameters, and a minimization algorithm. The resulting inverse problem, which consists in seeking model parameters’ values that render model outputs close to the observations, is usually unstable. GdM developed seminal ideas for the two key inversion issues that are: to stabilize the inverse problem through regularization, and to parameterize it to reproduce the natural heterogeneity of the subsurface with a limited number of parameters. GdM conducted pioneering works that are the basis of current parameterization methods relying upon adaptive zonation and/or interpolation based on pilot points. We take here the opportunity to highlight the GdM’s contributions inspiring currently used techniques.

The paper gives a comprehensive review of how human activities influence normal hydrological forms by clarifying the diverse impacts on the accessibility, quality, and conveyance of water. The paper revealed the complex exchange between data and natural morals that are reconfiguring the worldwide water scene through conflicting facts of major causes like urbanization, deforestation, industrialization, and climate change. The natural areas are all disturbed by human activities and pollution and by these changes the impact is on run-off patterns, infiltration rates, and groundwater recharge processes. In metropolitan cities, there are more impermeable spaces which leads to more runoffs. In these areas, the water filtration rate and groundwater recharge are very low. Dams and other hydropower and water system processes that disturb the natural stream of waterways in addition to their aquatic habitat division have too changed stream morphology. Urban stormwater, industrial and farming runoff, are among numerous other sources contaminate freshwater systems with pathogens heavy metals, chemicals supplements, etc hence risking both human life and natural maintainability. Changes in precipitation and temperature impact the timing of snow melt, patterns of river flow, and restoration of groundwater; changes in disaster patterns together with sea level rise worsen coastal flooding and fresh-water salinization. These adjustments to common hydrologic processes have significant suggestions for biological systems, communities, and economies consisting of water accessibility for farming, industry, and domestic purposes, energy generation, and human well being. Among procedures aimed at reacting to these challenges is the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) which contends for comprehensive approaches that accommodate competing requests over water resources while guaranteeing their supportability as well as adaptability to hydrological unpredictability of availability. Feasible water administration requires an extend of activities such as water preservation and proficiency measures, contamination control, watershed management, and climate alteration adjustment. As it may, social orders can explore these exceedingly complicated interconnected issues on their water assets by adopting administrative systems, innovative advancements, and shifts in social conduct that will be pointed at economical water utilization for the eras to come.

The Saïss water table is one of Morocco's major agricultural regions. Its water resources satisfy domestic, agricultural, industrial, and tourist needs. The present work focuses on the technique used to detect spatiotemporal variations in the overall physicochemical, microbiological, and heavy metal quality of groundwater in the Saïss basin, as assessed by the SEQ-Eau water quality system. A total of 28 samples were collected during high and low water periods, respectively. The results show that 25% of the stations present average quality during the dry season, and are located mainly in the southern part of the Meknes plateau in the El Hajeb, Boufekrane, and Agouray regions, while this pollution is reduced during the wet season with a percentage of 7.14%. However, the poor quality of groundwater indicates that 75% and 92.85% occupy almost the entire rest of the basin during the dry and wet seasons. Mapping of nitrate pollution of groundwater indicates that the lowest nitrate concentrations were recorded in the southwest part of the aquifer. The highest values were recorded in the center of the study area, with a maximum value of 118 mg/l, which exceeds the Moroccan standard due to the anthropogenic impact of agriculture and water use.

In the Ketama region, irrigation used to depend on rainwater and surface water. However, with drought and water shortages affecting the region, farmers are increasingly relying on groundwater. “Recognizing the critical importance of water quality in irrigation, a total of 164 water samples were collected from various points and subjected to physicochemical analysis. The assessment of groundwater suitability for irrigation encompassed several parameters, including chloride, electrical conductivity (EC), percentage of soluble sodium (% Na), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RCS), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), permeability index (PI), Kelley ratio (KR), potential salinity (PS), synthetic harmfulness coefficient (K), irrigation coefficient (Ka), chloro-alkaline indices (CAI-1 and CAI-2), and irrigation water quality index (IWQI).”. Results showed that 43.29% (EC), 82% (Na), 68.40% (SAR), and 68.29% (Ka) of groundwater samples were excellent and that 77% (PI) of samples were suitable for irrigation. The IWQI revealed that 21.96% of samples are considered to have high restrictions. This study aims to provide crucial information on irrigation water quality in the region, providing valuable data for various stakeholders to make informed decisions on agricultural practices and the sustainable use of water resources, particularly in the face of challenges posed by climate change and water shortages.

Natural and anthropogenic factors control groundwater chemistry in the semi-arid area in northern Morocco called Bokoya massif. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the geochemical processes that affected groundwater mineralization in the Bokoya massif. As a result, In April 2016, sixty-one (61) water samples were collected from various locations, including wells and springs throughout the Bokoya massif, and analyzed for physicochemical parameters using standard methods. The descriptive study of the physicochemical parameters revealed that the waters were neutral to slightly basic (pH values range between 7,16 and 8,5) and moderately to strongly mineralized (TDS values range between 555,20 and 7980,10 mg/l). Sodium chloride was the dominant hydrochemical facies in the groundwater of the study area, with a percentage reaching (80%) noting the minority of magnesium bicarbonate facies and the absence of sodium bicarbonate and chlorinated calcium type. The tests of the ionic ratio (Cl- /Na+, Cl-/HCO3- versus Cl-, Ca2+/Mg2+, Ca2+/SO4-, Ca2+/Mg2+ versus Cl-, (Ca2+ Mg2+)/ HCO3-), indicate that the order of the dominant cations is Na+ >Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ and of the dominant anions is Cl- >HCO3->SO42-. It suggests that the dominant factors controlling water chemistry are rock dissolution and evaporation, silicate weathering, and ion exchange. Gibbs diagram defines the relationship between water chemistry and the lithology of the aquifer. It showed that most of the groundwater composition in this area is linked to the geochemical processes of evaporation and crystallization, and carbonates and silicate alteration control the minority.

This study aims to determine groundwater dynamic and hydrochemistry for a better understanding of a hydrogeological unity of sedimentary rock to learn about chemical processes and water quality of Settat Ben Ahmed plateau aquifer. The findings reveal the chemical facies change according to the depth and geological nature of the aquifer captured. Samples of deeper point captured upstream and from Cenomano-Turonien limestones are HCO3-Ca-Mg type and account for lowest electric conductivity (EC) values. However, samples of shallow points and downstream are Cl-SO4-Ca with important EC values.

Farmers using khettaras, which are underground galleries draining the water table and providing a collective access to groundwater, are faced with a dilemma. The khettaras are drying up under the combined effect of groundwater pumping for drinking water and irrigation of recently installed farms, and the reduced recharge of the aquifer. Since their khettaras were threatened, some collectives chose to install wells or boreholes to supply pumped water to these khettaras. This increases the discharge and saves their collective access to groundwater, while at the same time it contributes to a further drop in the water table. In this paper, we discuss this Cornelian choice of oasis communities in southern Morocco. Field observations, satellite image analysis and surveys with farmers made possible to understand the emergence of an irrigation system combining the khettara with solar pumping, to analyze its technical design, and to highlight the capacity of collectives to intervene on the management rules to adapt the technical and institutional system of the khettaras to new conditions. This article contributes to a reflection on the sustainability of access to groundwater in this pre-Saharan context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a synthesis of the 2022 250-page United Nations Report on groundwater (https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000380721), which accounts for 99% of liquid fresh water on Earth and is the source of one-quarter of all the water used by humans. Many of the world’s largest cities, and numerous smaller cities and towns, rely on groundwater. The report presents an overview of the regional presence and use of, and demand for, groundwater. It relies on a synthesis of 700 bibliographic references. Very useful figures are gathered on water resources and uses. The report barely touches on the role of geology, and hydrogeological expertise in preparing the report would have been helpful. More explanations of various hydrogeological aspects would have been useful, such as underground 20 watersheds and basins, runoff, flow rates, the water cycle (large and small), vertical water exchanges, and groundwater flow inertia which helps populations to adapt to annual and seasonal fluctuations. The variability in atmospheric components (e.g. meteorological variability) is more often dominated by the climate change question. This intellectual approach puts groundwater under the influence of atmospheric effects, which leads to an alarmist discussion of multiple aspects: abnormal water table drawdown or increase, exposure to surficial pollutions, and many negative aspects of saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. the bibliographical references in the report can be found following the page numbers of the document, cited in parentheses here. The very numerous bibliographical sources are responsible for some contradictions or errors. Some economic elements are almost ignored, such as bottled water and thermalism in 35 relation with groundwater, and North–South cooperation pre-1990, although many positive results related to this period are depicted, which have greatly helped to improve methodologies.

Groundwater governance in Cuyama Valley, California unites the structural dilemmas of neoliberal environmental governance: a weak state, powerful corporations, a population called to participate but not to decide, and a limited vital resource. Creating institutions of self-governance in the conflictual domain of groundwater use draws local actors into the center of political struggles and strategies, as the State of California avoids governing or limiting groundwater use, purportedly for fear of getting embroiled in costly and lengthy lawsuits with private agroindustry. The SGMA process illustrates the power of property and money in the political game of sustainable resource governance, but it also confronts powerful actors with objectivizing satellite surveys, that point to absolute limits and challenge the growth myth. Institution-building for groundwater governance in Cuyama exposes the strategies of agricultural corporations towards local residents, highlighting the tensions inscribed in the very design of SGMA's polycentric governance structure, between the power to decide and the power to advise. Local residents have appropriated the language of science to contest strategies of denial by the agro-corporations, and to speak reason to unreasonable water users.

Starting from 2010, a golf course located in Agadir city is irrigated with treated wastewater originating from M’zar wastewater treatment plant. To assess if the bacteriological and physicochemical quality of local groundwater is affected, groundwater quality of boreholes (G1) and (G2) were compared. Borehole (G1) is located in a golf course irrigated with treated wastewater while the borehole (G2) is situated in a golf course irrigated with freshwater. Samples waters were collected monthly from M’zar WWTP and from the two boreholes (G1 and G2). The faecal enterococci and faecal coliform were compted. The electrical conductivity and pH of waters samples were determined. Results of groundwater quality analysis show that no significant difference was recorded in groundwater faecal contamination indicators. Moreover, (G1) presents a significant decrease in the pH and significant increase in the electrical conductivity when compared with (G2).

Groundwater is a much safer and more dependable source of drinking water than surface water. However, natural (geogenic) hazardous elements can contaminate groundwater and lead to severe health problems in consumers. Arsenic concentrations exceeding the WHO drinking water guideline of 10 μg/L globally affect over 220 million people and can cause arsenicosis (skin lesions and cancers). Fluoride, while preventing caries at low concentrations, has detrimental effects when above the WHO drinking water guideline of 1.5 mg/L and puts several hundred million people at risk of dental and skeletal fluorosis. In this article, we report on the geochemistry and occurrence of arsenic and fluoride in groundwater and on the development of global and regional risk maps that help alert governments and water providers to take appropriate mitigation measures for the provision of safe drinking water. We then summarize research on the removal of arsenic and fluoride from drinking water, focusing on adapted technologies for water treatment. Finally, we discuss the applicability of various measures in a larger context and future challenges in reaching the goal of access to safe drinking water for all.

يشغل الأمن المائي مکانة بارزة بشکل متزايد في المجتمعات الدولية للمياه والتنمية في السنوات الأخيرة، ويمثل الأمن المائي مصدر قلق متزايد وحاجة ملحة للتنمية المستدامة وخاصة في آسيا، بسبب تزايد الفيضانات والجفاف، وزيادة الملوثات بمياه الأنهار والبحيرات، وقد لفت انتباه الجمهور في المنطقة إلى قضايا المياه نتيجة ارتفاع مستويات الحوار السياسي حول أثار تغير المناخ، ويحتاج السکان المتزايدون إلى مزيد من المياه للشرب والنظافة وإنتاج الغذاء، کما تتطلب الاقتصاديات الآخذة في التوسع زيادة إمدادات الطاقة، والتي تعتمد بدورها الحصول على المزيد من المياه، ويتطلب النمو الزراعي والصناعي في المنطقة إمدادات کبيرة من المياه العذبة، کل ذلک يؤدي إلي البحث عن توفير خدمات مياه آمنة. يعتبر الأمن المائي قضية ذات أهمية متزايدة تشکل أحد أکبر التحديات لتنمية باکستان، ومع توقع أن يصل عدد سکانها إلى 263 مليون نسمة في عام 2050، تحتاج باکستان إلى التفکير بجدية في کيفية توفير المياه الکافية للزراعة والصناعة والاستهلاک البشري في مواجهة الاحيتاطيات المتناقصة بسرعة. ويوجد أربعة عوامل تؤثر على زيادة الطلب على الاحتياجات السکانية من المياه العذبة بباکستان: التحضر بما في ذلک المدن الجديدة الناشئة والهجرة إلى المدن القائمة. الوضع الحالي لإمدادات المياه وسرعة التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية. التزامات رسمية من الحکومة الفيدرالية وحکومات المقاطعات لتوفير الوصول إلى المياه المنزلية والصرف الصحي إلى 100٪ من السکان. العوامل التي يسببها المناخ التي تؤثر على عوامل الاستهلاک. Water security occupies an increasingly prominent position in the international community for water and development in recent years, and water security is a growing concern and an urgent need for sustainable development, especially in Asia, due to the increasing floods and droughts, and the increase in pollutants in the water of rivers and lakes, and has drawn public attention in the region to water issues As a result of the high levels of political dialogue about the impacts of climate change, the growing population needs more water for drinking, hygiene and food production, and the expanding economies require increased energy supplies, which in turn depend on obtaining more water, and the agricultural and industrial growth in the region requires large supplies of Fresh water, all of this leads to the search for the provision of safe water services. Water security is an issue of growing importance that poses one of the biggest challenges to Pakistan's development, and with its population expected to reach 263 million in 2050, Pakistan needs to think seriously about how to provide adequate water for agriculture, industry and human consumption in the face of rapidly dwindling reserves. There are four factors that affect the increase in demand for the population's freshwater needs: - Urbanization, including emerging new cities and migration to existing cities. - The current state of water supply and the speed of social and economic development. - Official commitments from federal and county governments to provide access to domestic water and sanitation to 100% of the population. - Climate induced factors that influence consumption factors.

The protection of the quality of groundwater resources is no longer a coincidence, but rather requires that measures be taken to preserve their physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the changes that may occur and to produce undesirable effects. In this article, we hope to highlight the various corrective measures observed by the Algerian legislator as a means of protecting the quality of groundwater resources from natural factors or human activities whose occurrence or practice may lead to undesirable changes. Or a potential infection can affect this type of resource.

The research sought to understand how the Water Resources Legislation addresses the management of outcrop areas of the Guarani Aquifer System in the state of São Paulo, specifically in the Pardo and Tietê/Jacaré Water Resources Management Units. Therefore, a bibliographical review was carried out regarding the Brazilian and São Paulo laws of water resources, as well as a documentary research in the portal of the System of Information and Management of Water Resources. As a main result it was possible to verify that groundwater, mainly in the outcrop area of the SAG, is still superficially addressed, and there is no guarantee that the integrated and decentralized management of water resources will be effectible apply.

This article describes the physical and geographical factors of groundwater formation in the Akhangaran river basin and around the Almalyk mining and metallurgical combine (AGMK), changes in groundwater levels at water intakes, precipitation, and evaporation in the study area. Comprehensive research methods, include the analysis of scientific and technical information on the geographical, hydrogeological, geomechanical and mineralogical compositions of the Almalyk industrial region, underground and surface waters, as well as the study of all valuable components by chemical, and X-ray structural methods, and atomic emission spectroscopy. Integration and point methods are used for measuring current velocity. Basic, detailed, abbreviated and graphical methods for measuring water flow are perfomed by electric metrs. Experimental filtration studies are carried out and systems of observation wells are organized. Additionally water temperature is measured with thermocouples and water density, salt concentration, and water pH are measured using ionomers.

The rising threat of groundwater inundation, characterized by the elevation of the water table above the ground surface, is increasingly impacting various infrastructure components. This issue has the potential to damage critical infrastructure elements such as building foundations, roads, bridges, and other essential aspects. The intensification of this problem can be linked to the growing frequency of severe weather events, alterations in land use, and increased groundwater withdrawals. This comprehensive review paper seeks to capture the current knowledge base concerning groundwater inundation vulnerability and potential remediation strategies for infrastructure. To achieve this, we performed a thorough literature review encompassing a variety of sources, including peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports, among others. Our goal is to consolidate the existing understanding of groundwater inundation and its implications for infrastructures and assess the current methodologies for vulnerability evaluation and damage mitigation. Our findings from this review are intended to provide insight into the present state of this field and highlight the significant challenges and promising opportunities for future research.

This article is devoted to the problems of water supply to the population, which are associated with the current water management situation, such as the shortage of water resources, the decline in the quality of surface and groundwater, the technical condition of pipelines. In this situation, there is a need to eliminate or mitigate the current situation, so the study of hydraulic friction losses in water conduits is of national economic and scientific importance.The article deals with the issues of determining the pressure loss in water pipes under various modes, the causes of clogging of pipelines in water supply systems and the basic formulas of engineering hydraulics under conditions of insufficient water supply to the population. Solving the problem will increase the reliability of pipeline operation, meet the requirements of the population, and meet the minimum of the reduced costs for construction and operation.

The article presents the results of research on modeling the process of mass transfer by interacting ground and surface water flows, taking into account the migration of moisture in the humidification zone using the dimensionality analysis method, as when solving the problem of mass transfer by interacting ground and surface water flows in the humidification zone, associated with the determination of the mass transfer coefficient, the method of dimension analysis acquires special importance. Based on these considerations, stochastic differential equations of changes in the parameters of the infiltration flow in the humidification zone are derived and a one-dimensional hydraulic model of convective moisture transfer in hydromorphic media caused by irrigation of agricultural crops is obtained.

The present investigation emphasizes on the evaluation of heavy metal pollution indices to assess the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. For this, thirty groundwater samples were collected from the villages near Ellenabad city of Sirsa during pre monsoon of 2018 from the tube-wells. The samples were collected from approximately 100 m of depth. The samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP - MS) for heavy metals like As, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu and Mn. The heavy metals As, Hg and Pb were not found in our samples. The indices like heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evolution index (HEI) and Hazard index (HI) were calculated to assess the suitability for drinking. These indices numerically give the suitability of groundwater for human consumption. On the basis of HEI and HPI, all the samples were found to be suitable for human consumption. The value of HI > 1 shows the unsuitability of groundwater for consumption. On the basis of the analysis, it can be said that children are at more risk followed by adults and then infants. The value of HI > 1 has been found for only two samples and which was also for children in sample number 20 and 24. So, majority of the samples have been found to be suitable for human consumption. Principal component analysis was performed for factor analysis which shows the initial Eigen value of more than two and total variance of more than 41.

The article deals with the issue of hydromodule zoning of agricultural land. The negative impact of the environmental factors of the Aral Sea requires more work on the efficient use of agricultural land in the region. The focus of the research is on the efficient use of agricultural land based on the optimal placement of Agricultural crops. Optimizing the use of agricultural land by dividing areas into taxonomic units is considered to be one of the effective methods. In this study, the land of P. Seytov’s massive, Chimboy district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, within the Republic of Uzbekistan, was selected as a study area. Hydromodule zoning of the cultivated areas of the research object was done using GIS technologies. In this, data on soil types and mechanical composition of the object, groundwater, and irrigation methods were used. Overlay, raster calculation, and raster classification methods were used using ArcGIS 10.6 software. As a result, a hydromodule map of the research object was created. Based on the created hydromodule map, the scenario of placement of agricultural crops based on 2 different options was developed and water consumption was analyzed.

The contamination of Morocco’s water resources comes from three sources as like agriculture, industry, and urbanization. Within this project’s scope, we investigated groundwater contamination in the suburban community of Ain Zohra (located in the Mediterranean zone, Driouch province, eastern part of Morocco). The Zohra area is limited in east part by the rural municipality of Ain Zohra, in the north part by Driouch city and in the southern and western parts is bounded by the Boubker rural municipality. In July 2021, 21 samples were taken from the field (20 wells and 1 spring). In general, the results of this study showed that some water wells are highly mineralized as the conductivity is far above the drinking water standard. Every well’s pH is basic. Nitrate contamination in two places shows that the permeability of city soil affects the groundwater. The nitrate content might be higher than groundwater, which has 200 mg/l. In certain wells, groundwater contamination has raised organic matter levels above drinking water regulations. The water quality maps of some parameters were obtained based on application of Geographic Information System (GIS) for the study area.

The purpose of this study is to map, identify and assess the impact of pollution on groundwater quality in rural areas of the city of Sebaa Ayoune (Fez-Meknes Region, Morocco).It is based on the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the spatial-temporal evolution of the physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters of the studied waters.To achieve this goal, we conducted seasonal bacteriological monitoring for 2016 and 2017, and annual monitoring for physicochemical parameters (2016-2017).The analyses focused on 6 physico-chemical parameters (turbidity, electrical conductivity, NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, Cl-), and two bacteriological germs indicating faecal pollution (Escherichia coliand intestinal Enterococci). Thematic maps of this pollution show a good state of quality for the water mass studied.

This article presents the Liwa Oasis as a hydrosocial territory. It is defined by its natural resource, social, economic, and political context and we show how these manifest in policy and practice. The article identifies these components through analysis of the political economy of water management and agricultural production systems. Two distinct hydrosocial periods are defined: from independence in 1971 to the formation of agencies with water sustainability remits in 2006, and then from 2010 to the present, when subsidy regimes incentivized changes to cropping in existing agricultural production systems. The changes between these periods reflect alterations in the hydrosocial cycle stemming from natural resource degradation and from how agricultural policy responded to it, while still meeting social stability and food security objectives. In Liwa, water management and agricultural production regimes reflect the distributive nature of the state, in that agricultural subsidies and payments are a significant source of supplementary income for UAE citizens. The current hydrosocial cycle leads to major groundwater resource degradation, which is beginning to pose a major challenge. This disruption is at the heart of the hydrosocial dialectic playing out now in Liwa: resource degradation and depletion will ultimately require new patterns of resource utilization. Arriving at new practices will require new laws, policies and modes of governance, which will alter the political, social, and economic context.

Abstract Urban centers radically alter hydrological cycles, causing unintended consequences for the environment, such as the creation of extensive contamination plumes in unconfined aquifers. The Environmental Agency of the State of São Paulo has observed this issue since 1994. Therefore, this study aimed to create a method using nitrate as an indicator of contamination that permits an assertive interpretation of changes in the groundwater quality in monitoring wells of regional networks. The method was applied in ten cities with monitoring wells in the Bauru Aquifer System. The results correlated the presence of nitrate with the time and dynamics of land use in the capture zones of the wells over 54 years (1962-2016). In areas with sewer networks installed before 2001 and urban occupation greater than 60% of urban occupation in the capture zones, there was an increase in nitrate concentration of at least 35%. Likewise, extending this new method to other wells will make it possible to identify the causes of nitrate and other contaminants in the groundwater-monitoring network in the State of São Paulo.

The life of the Oasis remains singular in more ways than one. To survive in a hostile environment, oases have developed ingenious techniques, adapted to local conditions, but also social forms closely aligned with the former. For millennia, the management of clean water in each Oasis has managed to maintain a balance between scarce water resources and growing food needs. The intrusion of the modern world into the Oasis by means of technological means, by motorization and industrialization has caused major upheavals. The ‘Ghout’, this agrarian crater remains in place until today and embodies a sustainability where the local producer is characterized by his wisdom and his perfect knowledge of the environment in which he lives. The local peasants, unable to bring water to them, decided to go to it via this ingenious system. In recent decades, and unlike some Saharan regions that suffer from a lack of water, the Souf region has suffered from a problem of rising water levels that has had a negative impact on the state of ‘Ghouts’. The purpose of this study is to establish an inventory of the situation in two areas of the large agro-ecological region (Souf), based on local potential criteria, The situation and future of the ‘Ghout’ system and the strategies of local actors to combat the phenomenon of upwelling. Our field investigations reveal that it is under the combined effect of urban expansion and the problem of rising water tables that the ‘Ghout’ system is currently in a dying phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present work aims at the hydrochemical characterization of the groundwater in the contact zone of the coastal sedimentary basin and the basement of the Lower Precambrian. Thirty (30) water samples were taken between November 2018 and July 2019 during the rainy and dry seasons. The characterization of these waters was based on parameters measured in the laboratory, in particular: electrical conductivity (CE), pH, temperature (T°C), Ca2 +, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl-, HCO3 -, SO4 2- and NO3 -. The results obtained showed that the values of the measurements of the physico-chemical parameters of the groundwater analyzed were all in accordance with the standards prescribed by WHO for drinking water, except in the case of the temperature found to be abnormal with an average of 26 ° C and an average pH of 5.0 throughout the study area. In addition, these results were processed using a hydrochemistry method which uses Piper, Stabler, Schoeller Berkaloff, Stiff, Wilcox diagrams and classical statistical methods with XLSTAT software. Hence, the analysis of these methods allowed us to highlight the existence of chemical facies (chlorinated and sulfated calcium and magnesium, bicarbonated calcium and magnesium and Bicarbonated sodium and potassium) in the groundwater of the contact zone. Groundwater is therefore characterized by a predominance of bicarbonated and sulfated ions over chloride ions. Calcium ions (Ca2+) are the most important cation, followed by sodium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining operations produce significant amounts of mine wastes annually in the form of waste rock and (mill) tailings. These mine wastes, usually deposited on surface, represent potential sources of geotechnical and geochemical instabilities, or even sources of contaminants to surface and ground water, and therefore environmental risks. The reuse (reclamation) of mine wastes could reduce the amount of these mine wastes stored on land and consequently the cost of management and restoration, the environmental footprint, and risks associated with stacking. Residual materials reclamation has become an increasingly popular option around the world. Many technologies have been developed and published in recent years. On the other hand, there have been few studies focusing on the legal framework for the use of mine wastes. Legislators often have views and concerns that are very different from those of promoters of mine waste reclamation. In this article, we present the applicable laws, regulations and standards governing the reclamation of mine wastes in Quebec, as well as analyses, discussions and recommendations, which can be used as a guide both for promoters of reclamation projects and for Quebec government agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Burkina Faso, consumption of enriched arsenic water caused some health problems such as melanosis, hyperkeratosis and cancers. In this study, we investigated the treatment of enriched arsenic groundwater using laterite soil. Physico-chemical characteristics of water determined using standard APHA methods revealed that this water contained a high arsenic amount (122 µg/L) with some competing anions. Arsenic treatment experiments were carried out in continuous mode using column tests using laterite as fixed bed in column. Results showed that the adsorption capacity of laterite was influenced by pH, flow rate, initial arsenic concentration, and particle size requiring the optimization of those parameters. Indeed, the efficiency of the treatment decreased from 100 to 64% when flowrate increase from 1 to 12 mL/min. The increase of initial arsenic concentration caused an increase of adsorption capacity from 1.05 to 11.62 µg/g. The treatment becomes more efficient at low grains size which caused a turbidity of treated water higher than limit value (5 NTU). Better treatment (100%) in our operating conditions was obtained at low flow rate less than 8 mL/min with pH of water between 6 and 8, corresponding to an adsorption capacity of 3.25 µg/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to contribute to the development of a scheme for optimizing water resources allocation in the irrigated perimeter of Sidi Bou Ali. It is a question of showing the interest of a linear multiobjective modeling to explore the management of the underground water resources in the irrigated surfaces by a control of the resource demand. Based on one hundred socio-economic surveys, the price of irrigation water was perceived by all the farmers surveyed as a determining factor in farming techniques and farming modes. In response to this situation, farmers have opted to change their farming strategies. This has been confirmed by the modeling of the linear multiobjective programming with the "LINDO" software which has proved that following the increase of the price of the irrigation water, the agricultural income decreases, the expenses of the exploitation increase, the areas exploited in irrigated areas are substituted for the most water-demanding crops by those that are the least demanding in this resource. 80% of the surveyed sample expressed their willingness to abandon irrigated crop systems and their use of dry crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Algerian Journal of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of Algerian Journal of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Larhyss Journal is the property of Biskra University, Research Laboratory in Subterranean & Surface Hydraulics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The village of Mellaha is located in the sector of Gourama in the province of Er-Rachidia. In the boundary between the central and eastern High Atlas. In severe climatic conditions as well as the risk of water shortage, a study proposed in collaboration with the local associations, aiming at: The mapping of the groundwater of the village by means of the electrical soundings as well as possible zones of recharge with through fault mapping by remote sensing. The treatment of electrical drill data revealed a series of logs showing alternation between marly and calcareous levels. This series of logs presents a continuous aquifer of variant depth between 1.54m and 79.8m, contained in the limestone formations of Bajocian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The groundwater of the Ghis-Nekor aquifer (Central Rif of Morocco) is the main water resource used by the inhabitants for agricultural and domestic purposes. However, its low quality may affect the health of the consumer and weaken agricultural production. The existence of the WWTP at the level of this plain, makes it a probable source of pollution for these groundwater and requires urgent water managers’ intervention. Groundwater pollution in this area may be related to natural, anthropogenic and undefined sources (agricultural and industrial activities). To assess the impact of WWTP effluent on this aquifer, ten well water samples were collected upstream and downstream of this WWTP in 2018, and then analysed for physicochemical quality. Multivariate and principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the results obtained revealed two main components, in which the largest source of total variation being F1 presented at 54.75%. The PCA has visualized two groups that distinguish slightly mineralized well waters upstream to moderately from other wells downstream of the WTTP that are highly mineralized. Generally, the groundwater in the study area is characterized by high levels of salinization. The results of this study may be useful for monitoring and managing groundwater pollution in the study area.

Besides being able to cause land subsidence, excessive groundwater use in coastal areas can also cause to sea water intrusion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of groundwater in the study area in relation to its vulnerability to sea water intrusion. Because groundwater in the study area is used for domestic, industry and livestock purposes, the water use that is taken into account is the use of water for the three sectors. The amount of water used for domestic purposes is calculated based on the population and the amount of water needed of each person per day. The amount of water use for industry is calculated based on the number of industrial employees and water usage of each employee per day. Water use for livestock is calculated based on the number of livestock and water use of each livestock per day. The results of this water usage calculation are then linked to the criteria for groundwater vulnerability to sea water intrusion and the depth of the interface. Observing the relationship between groundwater usage and the vulnerability of groundwater to sea water intrusion and the depth of its interface, Tegal Kamulyan, Cilacap and Sidakaya villages, all of which are located in South Cilacap District, need attention. The three village are classified as moderate vulnerability to sea water intrusion and shallow interface depth, but their water usage is quite high. For this reason, it is necessary to make efforts to find other water sources for domestic, industry and livestock requirement other than groundwater.