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People systematically use different touch strategies to perceive different object features. When interacting with a deformable object, human typically judge the softness by pressing the finger pad into the surface or pinching the object with the thumb and index finger. However, the link between touch strategy (e.g., pressing) and haptic softness perception needed to be explored. To ascertain how people’s perceptions of softness are impacted by touch strategy, experiments on estimating softness were undertaken in the current study. Nineteen subjects were instructed to understand how to estimate the softness of a variety of haptic stimuli with varied elastic moduli by pressing and pinching. The results indicate that subjects were able to scale softness regardless of the touch strategy. However, the functions for scaling softness were affected by the touch strategy; the estimation of softness was greater with pinching. It suggests that the haptic perception of softness was affected by touch strategy. Additionally, the slopes of the functions were greater in the pressing group. This finding suggests that subjects in the pressing group showed better softness discrimination.

Chinese grass-roots social groups have had a complicated relation with the social order during the past thirty years. This paper aims at using a series of practical concepts about legitimacy, from Weber and Habermas, to analyze the revival and present functioning of these groups, especially associations based on folk religion. As I see it, the fact that social groups are able to exist "normally" and to operate, even though they are not in conformity with the law, should be understood with the help of three categories: political legitimacy, administrative legitimacy and social legitimacy. At the end of the paper, I discuss the promulgation of the "Regulations for the Administration of Social Associations" which sets legal legitimacy as a core process integrating the three other kinds of legitimacy, and I examine the effort of government to require all social groups to possess full legitimacy.Os grupos de base chineses têm tido uma relação complicada com a ordem social durante os últimos 30 anos. Este artigo tem como objetivo, usando uma série de conceitos práticos sobre legitimidade, de Weber a Habermas, analisar o reavivamento e o funcionamento presente desses grupos, especialmente as associações de base sobre religião e folclore. Como vejo isso, o fato de que esses grupos sociais são capazes de existir normalmente e de agir, mesmo que não estejam em conformidade com a lei, poderia ser entendido com a ajuda de três categorias: legitimidade política, legitimidade administrativa e legitimidade social. Ao final do artigo, discuto a promulgação das "Regras para a Administração de Associações Sociais" que estabelecem a legitimidade legal como um processo central integrador dos três tipos de legitimidade, e examino o esforço governamental para requerer total legitimidade de todos os grupos sociais.

After transforming substation measurement and control devices, the traditional method of blocking logic check needs to go back and forth among the measurement and control devices, and repeatedly connect a large number of wires, which lead to tedious operation and low efficiency. This paper developed a logic verification device based on 4G wireless communication, which used the Modbus/TCP transport protocol to access Ethernet, to complete the real-time data communication with the mobile control terminal. And this paper made a request to the logic controller according to practicality and cost. And the terminal software interface was designed by the orthogonal experimental design idea. The development of this device provided a new and efficient method for logic verification.