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Addresses questions related to the evaluation of teachers, with specific attention to why there is such teacher resistance. Theorizes that it is the teachers' fear of evaluation of their personal identity rather than their professional competence that lies behind their resistance to evaluation. Calls for the use of action research as a basic strategy for the teacher development. (Contains 27 references.) (KS)

In an exchange program, 11- and 12-year olds from Arles (France) (n=25) and Sparta (Greece) (n=27) visited each other's cities and explored the culture and history. This study explores the ways they conceptualized the cultural patrimony of both cities through student drawings. The exchange created opportunities for dialog about European culture. (SLD)

A Greek television series in French language instruction for adults and adolescents used a variety of technical tricks, including stop-screen, flashbacks, special effects, decoupage, insets, and voice-off, and a contest to make the programs more interesting to listen to and to increase general attention. (MSE)

Patterns in the Greek language that have endured over 3000 years, reflecting patterns in Greek thought and civilization, are examined. Phonology and grammatical constructions are emphasized. (MSE)

Two experiments in training teachers of modern languages, carried out in Greece from 1982 to 1985, are analyzed. The approach, aimed at establishing a theory-practice link, was intended to maximize teacher autonomy. The second experiment, based on the first, involved producing a new curriculum and materials and new evaluation methods. (Author/MT)

Examines the professional status and social benefits of the translator in European countries. (AM)

Examines the roots of traditional grammar in ancient Greek philosophy, particularly philosophy of language. (AM)

The Greek government has been introducing English and French second language instruction gradually in elementary school since September 1987. This introduction has been accompanied by curriculum development and by preservice and inservice education for language teachers. (MSE)

Poorly trained teachers, a very diverse population, heterogeneous grouping, and a milieu that is not particularly supportive of language education in general make the Greek universities a poor environment for instruction in languages for special purposes, including French, which has the second largest enrollment among languages. (Author/MSE)

Copyright of Analyses de Population & Avenir is the property of Population & Avenir and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article focuses on attempts by inhabitants of the island of Samothraki, in North-Eastern Greece, to make sense of rapid soil erosion and degradation. Through the use of ethnographic vignettes, collected during my first fieldwork on the island in August of 2022, and broader ethnographic material, I show the imbrication of landscape perception with questions of collective ethics as well as the specific forms of social uncertainty which emerge from soil instability. The article highlights specific and local discursive attempts to make sense of broader processes, including weather events, as prompts used by Samothracians to think about their ways of inhabiting their own island.

This paper presents a feminist analysis of the manifold and intertwined discriminations faced by asylumseeking women in a European “borderland”—specifically, Greece. It explores how these discriminations operate across law, policy, practice, and discourse, while highlighting the dynamic interplay of intersectional discriminations with citizenship rights and practices. Data were collected through 35 interviews with asylumseeking women. The analysis shows that (a) intersectional discriminations occur at both macro- and microlevels, reproducing and consolidating the women’s “lessened” citizenship, while (b) “lessened” citizenship reinforces their precarious status and leaves them vulnerable to multiform, multi-sited gender-based violence.

The First Balkan War separated Albania from the Ottoman Empire. In this historical context, the Albanian political elite’s separatist action must be viewed as a territorial defensive act. This is a consequence of Balkan developments. In the absence of a defensive capability of the Ottoman army, independence was declared in reaction to the military occupation of Ottoman territories inhabited by Albanians, from the Balkan Allies. In circumstances where independence and the establishment of a sovereign Albanian ethnicity were considered a crucial issue for the Adriatic Powers, Albanian nationalist activists visited Vienna and Budapest. They sought support within the context of ongoing Balkan developments. At the beginning of November, when Ottoman sovereignty in the Balkans weakened, Ismail Qemali an Albanian nationalist and scion of the Vlora family, held significant meetings with high-ranking Austria-Hungarian diplomatic and military officials. On the Ottoman side, the final reaction of the Albanian political elite to separation did not appear to be a decision agreed upon by the Ottoman Porte. Questioning the preservation of Ottoman sovereignty in the Balkans diminished cooperation between the Albanian periphery and the Ottoman center. This gave a separatist nature to the Albanian political elite’s action, accomplished in the National Assembly of Vlora. The latter’s decision-making carried a national and supra-religious character, fundamentally challenging the Ottoman model of state and social organization and opening the way for an alternative philosophy in the Albanian state organization.

Inclusive education can be an effective policy reform to tackle educational underachievement and address societal and pedagogical exclusion. Inclusive education encompasses supporting individuals to experience a sense of belonging in the educational community; promotes the reduction of exclusion, discrimination, and learning barriers; and encourages the inclusion and transformation of culture, education policies, and school practices to respond equitably to the diversity of the student population. The present paper focuses on the views of secondary school teachers on the inclusion of students with intellectual disabilities. Twenty-five secondary school teachers participated in the study, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. The research results showed that our study's teachers were ambivalent about inclusive education for students with intellectual disabilities. Firstly, the manifestations of their learning or social exclusion are not rare since the Greek education sector with its facilities (material and technological resources, teachers' education and training, information, etc.) is incapable of responding to their growing demands and, secondly, some educators and parents of typical students maintain a negative approach towards disabled students' inclusion in the mainstream school system. It is imperative to develop a democratic education, an education for all which deconstructs the dominant norms of ableism and ablebodyism, supports the training and qualification of teachers and forms a culture of solidarity, mutual respect, and empathy for students with disabilities.

The article focuses on analyzing the demographic evolution and structural changes of Nauplie, Greece transitioning from a capital city to a provincial town during the nineteenth century, utilizing its rich archival resources to explore population dynamics.

State responses to COVID-19 were unevenly felt across society. Negative consequences of lockdowns and travel restrictions for the upper classes were largely restricted to not seeing friends or taking holidays. For those with little or no right to have rights (Arendt, 1970), those relegated to society’s margins—such as refugees and asylum claimants—state responses to COVID-19 metamorphosed into Kafkaesque restrictions, surveillance, and control. Informed by participant observations and 10 interviews with civil society actors conducted in Athens in 2021 and 2022 at the height of the pandemic, this paper shows how the Greek state weaponized COVID-19 to further exclude refugees from society, deny asylum procedures, and reduce service provision for those awaiting the outcome of their asylum claims.

İkinci Dünya Savaşı Almanya’nın 1 Eylül 1939’da Polonya’ya saldırması ile başlamıştır. 1940’ta İtalya’nın, 1941’de Almanya’nın saldırısına uğrayan Yunanistan, kısa bir süre içerisinde işgal edilmiştir. Yunanistan’ın işgali ile birlikte ülke içerisinde direniş amaçlı örgütler kurulmuş ve işgalci kuvvetlere karşı mücadele başlamıştır. Ancak savaşın sonuna doğru örgütler arasında başlayan iktidar mücadelesi, örgütlerin birbirleriyle çatışmasına sebep olmuş ve ülke bir iç savaşa sürüklenmiştir. İç savaş boyunca Batı Trakya Türkleri bir yandan komünist çete mensuplarının saldırılarına maruz kalırken, diğer taraftan da hükümet kuvvetleri ve sağ görüşlü çete üyelerinin tazyikinden kendilerini kurtaramamışlardır. Mücadeleyi sürdüren taraflardan her biri Batı Trakya bölgesini ve burada yaşayan Türkleri, kendi hedeflerini gerçekleştirebilmek için bir vasıta olarak görmüşlerdir. Türklerin yaşadıkları şehir, kasaba ve köyler baskına uğramış ve Türkler büyük can ve mal kayıpları vermiştir. Bu çalışmada arşiv belgeleri ve dönemin basın-yayın organları kullanılarak, Yunan İç Savaşı boyunca çetelerin Batı Trakya Türklerine yönelik baskı ve yıldırma faaliyetleri ile Türklerin bu faaliyetleri karşı tutumu ele alınmıştır.

The aim of this paper is to examine the primary school teachers’ most preferred Classroom Management style. Teachers’ style is a characteristic, which is determined by their values, beliefs and pedagogical philosophy and characterizes their behavior in the classroom. We identified four such types: authoritarian, democratic, laissez – faire and warm demander. The research we present here on this issue was based on two online methodological tools: First, a conventional text – based questionnaire of 36 questions, using the Likert scale, and second a comic – style vignette – based questionnaire consisted of 10 episodes. We used a non – probabilistic sample of fifty-two (52) easily accessible primary school teachers from various areas of Greece, who volunteered to participate in our research. It was found that the democratic and the warm demander styles was the preference of the most teachers while the other two styles occurred less often. The use of those methodological tools gave us the opportunity to compare them to identify the advantages and disadvantages of each one... The comparison considered factors such as interest, time, clarity, effort, innovation and pleasure. Participants’ responses indicated that they found the comic – style vignette – based questionnaire more interesting, innovative, and pleasant compared to the conventional questionnaire. In addition, no significant differences were found concerning the clarity, time and effort required to complete the two questionnaires.

The article contains the analysis of Charles Maurras’s and Étienne Gilson’s reflections on beauty in the light of the antique reflections on this ground which are present in the philosophical thought of the French thinkers either directly or through thinkers who inspired them. The article also analyzed the question of art from the point of view of reflections on beauty that they both made. This made it possible to show both the similar points and distinctions between them in light of classical tradition in its reflection on beauty, especially from the metaphysical point of view, which shows that both Gilson’s and Maurras’s reflections on beauty grew on classical grounds. It explains why the thought of Maurras and Gilson in this area is important also from the perspective of contemporary discussions.

This article examines the use of compulsory tattooing in Greco-Roman antiquity. During the ancient period, ornamental, prophylactic, apotropaic or religious body marking was practiced in many of the civilisations with which the Greeks and Romans interacted. However, the Greeks and Romans disapproved of the custom of voluntary tattooing on the grounds that it violated the integrity of the human body and was contrary to traditional morality. In Hellenic and Roman society, tattooing was necessarily an expression of punishment or domination. Penal tattoos were used to punish prisoners of war, delinquent slaves and criminal freemen. It served to punish by infamy the person who had it, but also to distinguish him or her from other individuals so as to prevent their escape. As for the tattoo of belonging, it was most often affixed to Roman soldiers and imperial officials. Its purpose was to identify agents of the state and thus easily prevent or repress the evasion of their duties.

The article aims at analysing the travelogues of François Pouqueville (1770 - 1838), a major representative of the European intellectual elite with undoubted merits for the rediscovery of the Balkans in modern times. By describing the everyday life of Balkan peoples his works became a means of influencing the European public about the future of the Ottoman Empire and the fate of the Greeks. The article also demonstrates the gradual evolution of the Frenchman from a relatively pro-Ottoman enlightened man to a firm opponent of the Sultan and an uncompromising supporter of the Greek liberation movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the years 1835–1857 the British diplomatic mission in Athens did not confine its activity to carrying out British policy but built up a straightforward and carefully cultivated relationship with the English press. Several episodes revealed its intention of using the papers as a vehicle in order to vindicate the conduct and the opinions of its personnel on Greek politics. This article argues that in early-Victorian Britain statesmen were fully conscious of the implication of supervising the information on foreign affairs that reached the public and of exerting diplomatic pressure on other states through the daily press. As international developments gradually made interesting reading, the scarcity of communication from a faraway country such as Greece lent authority to the reports published in the London papers, which were heavily “influenced” by British international considerations. In this context the columns of a daily newspaper and the brevity of journalistic contributions enabled members of the British Legation in Athens to present their severe censor of successive Greek governments to a wider section of the British political body.

This paper focuses on income-related health inequalities amid COVID‑19 in Greece. The prolonged crisis and the pandemic have exacerbated the socioeconomic risks in the country. A major implication is the sharp decline in incomes, which has worsened the health status and the access and use of healthcare, especially among low and middle income individuals. We analyze the theoretical background on health inequalities and describe the dual shock to Greek society, both with the ongoing fiscal consolidation and the COVID-19 pandemic. By utilizing EU-SILC data through alternative techniques, we offer empirical estimates of the extent of health inequalities ranked by incomes. The empirical findings indicate a certain increase in income-based health inequalities over a critical period for Greece’s population.

For almost a year, from November 1943 to October 1944, the Greek island of Samos was under German occupation. General Friedrich-Wilhelm Müller, who was responsible for Samos, ruthlessly exploited his position of power and attempted to secretly take the Philippe, a female statue of the so-called Geneleos Group, out of the country. Fortunately, this criminal action and the planned transport of the statue to Trier were prevented by the Kunstschutz of the Wehrmacht. Finally, in 1954, the Philippe was returned from the Athens National Museum to Samos, where it is now exhibited in the archaeological museum of Vathi. The adventure of the Philippe statue sheds light on the situation of the antiquities on Samos during the German occupation. Selected sources will also be used to show how the Kunstschutz officers proceeded in their rescue operations and how they themselves defined their role as part of the German Wehrmacht after the war.

Copyright of Biologie Aujourd'hui is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article has as its starting point the genesis of Romanian constitutionalism. Developed according to the Belgian model, the Constitution of 1866 allowed the birth of a democratic system of government and consolidated the autonomy of Romania, in the context where, after the abdication of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza, there was an inherent need for governmental stability. However, the decision to adopt a prestigious constitutional model was guided by the idea of international legitimacy. The predominantly liberal character of the Belgian Constitution of 1831 influenced the process of drafting fundamental laws in several European states, not only in Romania (Greece, Italy, Prussia, etc.). The constitutional import process is inevitable, but extremely difficult and rarely impossible. The inevitability of this process stems from the fact that overarching constitutional ideas and mechanisms are generally limited. This type of transfer occurs when constituent assemblies face a particular problem and choose to focus on already functioning constitutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post World War II, Greece was enjoying, by and large, significant economic growth that was only slightly lower than that of other Western European nations. However, immediately after the financial crisis of 2007-2008, the country faced a sovereign debt crisis. This continuing multifaceted crisis reached the populace as a series of restrictive measures and sudden reforms (what James K. Galbraith (2016) labels “economic policy as moral abomination”), which resulted in a very long recession, high unemployment, massive inequalities and marginalization, increased social exclusion, and huge migration of thousands of well-educated Greeks. Within such economic development context, this contribution provides an overview of Greece’s past economic development efforts and challenges (Section 1); discusses important notions of a highly interventionist developmental state framework with “Greek characteristics” as its main focus (Section 2); and offers developmental state-based policy implications, which are deemed necessary for the revival and global repositioning of Greek industrial sectors of high potential and achievability (Section 3). Summary and conclusions end the article.

This paper addresses some problems related to prehistoric presence/activity and its archaeological identification in the mountainous regions of Crete. The first concerns the methods used in searching for such a presence in the type of landscape which requires different strategy and procedures than those used by intensive surveys carried on the island in the past. Among the most important elements to be considered, before the survey area is chosen, is a preliminary study which should include a thorough archaeological and landscape reconnaissance. The basic environmental factors, which determined human permanent or seasonal existence or even occasional use, should be recognized first, before the exact borders of surveys are drawn and the tactics of surveying is chosen. Another problem concerns the general approach of modern surveys to the long-term relationship between a man and a land occupied/used by him. Environmental factors are not the only ones which influenced settlement patterns, and that remark concerns especially the mountainous areas. One of the most underestimated surveying tools in the process of identification of human activity in the mountains is an archaeological reconnaissance. This, however, if carried systematically, can help to build up a framework for the general history of the researched area, which was not determined only by environmental factors, but also by the character of interactions (friendly, neutral, hostile) between different groups of people. That is why the mountains have such an important place in the identification of difficult/unstable periods in the Aegean history, which have not been well identified by intensive surveys carried out in Crete. My arguments in favour of archaeological reconnaissance and landscape research will be supported by several case studies, including those undertaken in the areas covered by surveys.

This article analyzes the recent initiatives about the Kanon certification concerning the Orthodox world and, more precisely, Greece. It questions the role that the monastic products, but also the religious certifications (like halal, kosher and the Catholic brand Monastic), play in a new approach of economic realities. It examines the use of the religious imaginary by Greek advertising. The aim is to show how the recent demand for monastic products is linked to restoration promises of the economic equilibrium, consumerism becoming in this context not only an experience but also an act of engagement. Another issue treated in this framework, the possibility for the religious domain to redefine the priorities and principles of commercial exchanges.

The revival and popular success of theories on the Pelasgian origin of Albanians since the late 1990s is a significant phenomenon of post-socialist identity processes, yet relatively neglected by the scientific literature. The now well-established neo-Pelasgian discourse sees Albanians as direct descendants of the Pelasgians, a prehistoric population conceived as the origin of all civilizations in the ancient Mediterranean. The aim of this article is to provide a first picture of this quest for origins and to propose an explanation. The argument is that neo-Pelasgianism can be seen as the result of a combination of the history of ideas about the origins of Albanians since the nineteenth century, on the one hand, and of the dynamics of identity linked to the opening of Albania’s borders at the beginning of the 1990s and the massive migration of Albanians to Greece, on the other. The demonstration is based both on a review of the neo-Pelasgian literature and on fieldwork conducted in southern Albania. It aims to show that far from being limited to the reveries of amateurs, discourses on imagined origins, of which neo-Pelasgianism is an example, have real effects on societies and territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this Report we analyse the place of civic education in the Greek Education system. The integration of civic education into education since 1982 represents a major step forward in the upgrading of general education. However the curricula are mainly characterised by teacher-centred approaches, with a strong emphasis on the achievement of cognitive objectives and little emphasis on the learning process and teaching strategy. Design/methodology/approach: This report is based on an analysis of the place of social studies in the Greek education system. We analysed the aims of the curricula, the role of teachers, the didactic approaches, the educational practices and the assessment. Findings: From our analysis we have detected a gap between the public rhetoric about the role of social sciences and their implementation in the Greek education. Although it seems that the general principles of curricula are permeated by a more democratic and flexible note which encourages critical thinking and participation, they are not implemented in practice and by and large are annulled due to the great emphasis the Greek education system places on knowledge acquisition and exams. The elimination of Social studies in some classes points to a school which is cut off from the current socio-economic reality, thus condemning students to a passive attitude towards social and educational affairs. Research limitations/implications This article reports on the research conducted on civic education since the 1990’s and onwards. The study of all these researches leads us to the conclusion that neither the curricula nor the textbooks of social studies courses have been extensively analysed, and this could be a future field of research. Another area of research is the role of school charters, the didactic approaches and the assessment in this course in the Greek education context. Practical implications Upheavals in the history of the Greek governmental system and democracy left their indelible mark on citizens’ education; changes in the title of the course, the time allotted to its teaching and the content of school knowledge evidence its dependence on the respective socio-political and ideological regime as well as its indoctrinational character. The turning points in civic education which can be pinpointed between 1982 and 2003 were linked with the educational policy of socialist governments and the gradual paradigm shift in social studies.

This contribution consists of two parts: the first section is dedicated to Athens, the second one to Delphi. Through the examination of some short sections of two long epigraphic texts (the stele of the Demotionidai; the cippus of the Labyadai), very well known and discussed as significant for the structure of the community «minor units», but neglected by Moderns with regard to prebends and sacrifices and their relation to the polis, the contribution focuses on the sacrificial procedures and the prebends associated with them (IG II2 1237, col. I, ll. 4-8; CID I 9, face D, ll. 29-43) in order to highlight, in this way, the relationship between individual citizens and their minor units, the minor units and the polis, and, although examining different sacrificial contexts, finds various points of contact between the mechanisms operating in the two poleis.

Since the establishment of the modern Greek state in the 19th century, its educational system conveys a school discourse imbued with the orthodox religion: participation in religion classes, religious celebrations and morning prayer in school are some significant examples. But what happened when Greece joined the European Community in 1981 and is now obliged to comply with eu rules on freedom of religion? The present article deals with this challenge, known as laïcité (secularism), and the means that the Greek education system uses to integrate the concept into its school discourse. It is based on the major components of laïcité to analyze the content of religious, history and civic education school textbooks of primary and secondary education during the last forty years (1981-2018) and then, to observe the possible transformations in the way laïcité is presented.

The purpose of this paper is to put forward some ideas on what factors significantly affect entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector, in order to help strengthen them as well as outline practical strategies that can be used by future researchers. The paper is a viewpoint contribution based on the author's research on “entrepreneurship” and “entrepreneurship education” engagement with the development of management in the agricultural field. The research carried out in Western Greece among farmers entrepreneurs. A number of ideas are outlined under the following headings: creating mutually interesting content; demonstrating practical implications; motivating academics. The viewpoint summarizes the key challenges of agricultural entrepreneurship stakeholders and will be of interest to policy makers for the creation of well-targeted development programs.

Following a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach, the present study reports on the analysis of 49 texts from the Hellenic Parliament Proceedings, where the term λαθρομετανάστης “illegal migrant” is used. The texts under scrutiny date back to 2015 (i. e., the year the migration crisis reached its peak) and reveal the recontextualized use of this term, which is identified with the hegemonic national-racist discourse of the 1990s perceiving migrants as criminals. Since the 1990s, the term has been stigmatized by political correctness as racist and inaccurate. We consider political correctness as a type of corrective practice, since it detects naturalized language uses reproducing stereotypes and power relationships. We will examine how the re-emergence of the older, racist use of the term in question as a reaction against the guidelines of political correctness is anew connected with national-xenophobic discourse and, in particular, with framing migrants as invaders and a national threat. Overall, tracing the semantic trajectory of the term λαθρομετανάστης “illegal migrant” allows us to explore how language use at the micro-level is dialectically connected with discourses at the macro-level.

Copyright of Lublin Studies in Modern Languages & Literature / Lubelskie Materialy Neofilologiczne is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Department of German & Applied Linguistics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article deals with the influence of Ancient Greek culture on Sorolla’s beach painting still strongly associated with his name nowadays. It also tells how the painter studied Greek art during his early training thus becoming greatly enthusiastic about it. According to Fauvey, this influence made a decisive mark on Sorolla’s paintings from «La vuelta de la pesca» (1894) (Return from fishing). On the beach, Sorolla came up with a genre based on his knowledge of Ancient Greek culture to show Mediterranean ties between Athens and Valencia. Sorolla’s beach would not become naturalist but mythical.

Because of the Greek climate, few textile fibres of animal or vegetable origin have survived. The absence of significant archaeological evidence makes it difficult to study the appearance of ancient clothing. The production of terracotta figurines provides numerous iconographic testimonies of clothing ornaments, which should be classified to provide a maximum of information. The corpus makes it possible to illustrate the richness of the adornment present on clothing and to follow the evolution of its use thanks to objective data. It also provides a better understanding of archaeological textiles, currently very fragmentary. This article presents the methodology adopted for research and the issues that guided it.

This paper examines the theatricalized depiction of multitude in a series of images from 2015 by Italian photographer Alex Majoli, who was then based in New York, documenting the arrival of migrants in Greece and their journeys through Europe. It argues that Majoli’s black-and-white photographs of crowds and groups of migrants circumvent the opposition between the universal and the specific, fiction and documentary, offering an evocative and debatable portrayal of abstract “masses”. It draws on the analysis of Majoli’s aesthetic strategy, which stages the invisible frontiers constituting the collective category “migrants.” It also explores the photographer’s departure from a quest for singularity, breaking with a pattern found in the work of other documentary photographers who have explored this subject.