Search

The laying of intensive industrial gardens in Russia is carried out according to special projects, which are based on complex works that begin the selection and assessment of the soil suitability of land plots. The levels of total humus and its labile forms have been established for the main horticultural soils of the Krasnodar Territory on the basis of long-term studies. The use of these criteria makes it possible to assess the degree of cultivation or degradation processes of the soil cover of each specific garden plot. Studies have shown that, in all surveyed soils of the region, the profile distribution of humus is gradually decreasing. The most informative soil layer for assessing fertility can be considered the upper 30 cm layer. The greatest quantitative and qualitative changes of organic matter occur in this layer. Different gardening zones of the region differ in the content of total humus in the main types of soils, a decrease is observed from ordinary chernozems (northern zone) to alluvial meadow soils (river valleys of the foothill zone). The humus content in the natural cenoses of Kuban chernozems reached 5.5 %, and in heavily plowed soil up to 3.5 %, a similar situation was observed in floodplain soils, these values corresponded to 4.0 % and 2.0 %. All other types of soils occupied an intermediate position in terms of humus content.

This work focuses on the MC1R gene as a key genetic element influencing the variation in wool color in Kazakh sheep. Our research aims to pinpoint the specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) g.361G>A and g.218T>A inside this gene and examine their impact on pigmentation. This acknowledges the gene’s significant contribution in several sheep breeds worldwide. We detected the presence of these SNPs by partial genome sequencing and focused SNP analysis. We also examined their connection to coat color diversity, a trait that has important implications for breed aesthetics, consumer preferences, and adaptability to various settings. Our research significantly enhances the understanding of genetic diversity and evolutionary adaptation in sheep. Furthermore, it provides unique insights for breeding techniques that attempt to optimize the properties of wool color. This study’s findings emphasize the intricate interplay between genetics and environmental adaptation in Kazakh sheep. The global sheep genetic variety database is enhanced, contributing to sustainable agriculture and textile production methods.

Powdery mildew caused by Oidium neolycopersici is a harmful diseases of tomato widespread all over the world, particularly affecting tomato plants in greenhouses. Despite the occurrence of the disease in Kazakhstan, no studies on molecular identification of the pathogen were conducted to date. In the present work, third generation sequencing of partial rRNA gene sequence was used to identify the isolate of the powdery mildew fungus from a local greenhouse, in addition to traditional identification based on symptoms and micromorphology. As a result, 5,693 reads specific to the target genomic region allowed to obtain a partial consensus sequence rRNA gene of 499 bp length. This sequence was used to identify the fungus. Although the specificity of this sequences was not certain within genera Erysiphe and Pseudoidium, in addition to morphological and pathological traits, it provided sufficient data to identify the found fungal isolate as Oidium [Erysiphe] neolycopersici. More precise identification and characterization require additional studies using purified genetic material of the fungus.

Climate change, new government policies, and changes in the geography of exports at the present stage require an integrated approach to assessing the prospects for the development of organic production in Siberia, which can act as a growth engine for rural areas. The calculation results show that the possibilities of organic production in Siberia are differentiated according to the natural and climatic principle. Tundra and forest-tundra are characterized by developed reindeer herding. The most productive zones are the southern taiga zone, forest-steppe and steppe. Western Siberia uses arable land as its main production asset: specialization is carried out in grain production and meat and dairy cattle breeding. Eastern Siberia has magnificent pastures and hayfields with developed sheep and dairy cattle breeding. Rural areas with suburban areas can specialize in the production of milk, poultry, pork, vegetables and potatoes; beekeeping has prospects.

One of the radical ways to prevent and reduce mycotoxicosis on the animal body is the use of adsorbing feed additives in the diet. Inclusion of complex mineral and vegetable complex additive Nabikat at 0,20% dose and mineral - dry content of Glaukonit substance of 0.25% in enceinte and nursing sows’ full-fledged combined fodder composition showed that they increase the digestibility of crude fiber in the uterus during deep pregnancy by 4.97 and 4.07%, as well as the digestibility of crude fat by 5.24 and 1.71% and deposit nitrogen in it. They amount to 2.54 g and 1.24 g respectively. Compared to Glaukonit, Nabikat has a more positive effect on the anabolic properties of metabolic body processes. As a result, sows’ diversity in this group was 17.3% higher than in the control group, reaching 0.4% in the lazurite group. The difference in piglets’ preservation amounted to 10.9% and 2.2%, as well as in the weight of the litter when weaning. The age amounted to 26.5 and 0.9, respectively.%. Nabikat addition to sows’ diet reduced feed costs per piglet by 19.1 -30.4%, using Glaukonit - by 4.7 -5.8%.

The authors presented a work that raises the reliability of agricultural machinery, the organization of diagnostic procedures and the effective use of units by reducing downtime. It is proposed to organize the diagnostic process according to the hierarchical principle and use the expert system to analyze the state of the object in the current situation. The diagram of the structure of the diagnostic system using the center of the state analysis is presented. The article is of interest to specialists working in the field of operating grain harvesters and increasing the productivity of agricultural work.

The dominant factor determining chemical industry objects’ durability is the corrosive wear of the stretched reinforcement and the compressed zone of concrete. The article presents a methodology and results of a numerical assessment of the residual life of the reinforced concrete frame beams of an industrial building operating in an aggressive environment. According to the full-scale engineering survey results, the most damaged frame structures - the beams of the intermediate floors were identified. The period of concrete protective layer complete neutralization, the degree of corrosion damage to the working reinforcement, the compressed concrete neutralized layer depth, the change in its strength characteristics with depth and the degree of its heterogeneity were determined by the field measurements using the standard and non-standard methods of non-destructive testing. A linear law of the accumulation of corrosion damage to concrete in the compressed zone and the rate of corrosion damage in the working reinforcement after the concrete protective properties’ exhaustion is adopted. A normative design apparatus is used for the first group of limiting states in relation to the most loaded section. For an adequate assessment and prediction of the residual resource, the main emphasis is on experimental and diagnostic methods.

The article is devoted to the issue of partial failure in complex technical systems. The authors analyze the diagnostic procedure in agricultural machinery for various purposes, the results of which provide a diagram of a multi-level organization for assessing the condition of equipment. It is also proposed to expand the range of estimated diagnostic parameters for making a more reliable managerial decision. The introduction of expert systems and other similar intelligent systems (for example, expert decision support systems) for diagnosing complex malfunctions is justified.

In order to determine the depressed regions of the status of the dairy industry, the main target functions of the anti-crisis strategy are formulated. As a preliminary research method in crisis management, a morphological analysis was chosen, which is an effective methodological approach. The advantages and disadvantages of morphological analysis are evaluated. A morphological matrix for ranking the regions of Siberia according to the main indicators of the dairy industry was built and 5 clusters of regional status were formed. Only one region was classified as depressed – the Republic of Tuva. Effective anti-crisis management tools are proposed. The introduction of digital technologies and the organization of automated workstations on their basis are recommended, which will compensate for the shortage of qualified personnel, increase labor productivity, and government support for these events and the attraction of investors are also required.

We have developed an air-spiral separator with a screw aspiration channel, which allows us to reduce the air consumption and specific quantity of metal per structure. We have established that the separation process is ensured at an air flow rate V = 7.1…7.9 m/s and the diameter of the working element D = 0.3 m/ To ensure a pressure of 120.7…133.4 Pa in the working element of the separator, the fan should ensure the initial air flow pressure P = 158.7…175.4 Pa. Our laboratory studies have established that the change in the product delivery volume uniformly affects the change in the output parameter at any speed value. We have found that the change in the product delivery volume has a larger effect on the change in the output parameter when the air flow rate increases. The relationship between the product delivery point and the air flow rate is almost linear and uniform.

The article reflects the process of dehydration of brewer pellets, as one of the ways to solve the problem of their utilization in order to obtain a highly concentrated feed for farm animals, which is an urgent task. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the interrelation between the technological and physical properties of the brewer pellets during the separation of brewer pellets into dense and liquid fractions in a continuous vibratory-centrifugal centrifuge and its main design and operating parameters. As a result of the research with the analytical method, process and physical properties of brewer pellets are determined when they are interacting with the perforated rotor blades of a vibratory-centrifugal centrifuge. The equations for the yield of the liquid fraction of brewer pellets through the rectilinear and curvilinear rotor blades are obtained, indicating the interrelation between process and physical properties of brewer pellets, which are necessary for determining the rational basic parameters of the proposed vibratory-centrifugal centrifuge.

It is found that the railway economic safety system shall be formed taking into consideration current social changes in the society. There is the comprehensive approach to the formation of railway economic safety schemes. It is found that railway economic safety enforcement shall be the continuous cyclic process to be regularly improved. There is the scheme of execution sequence of railway economic safety management. It is found that while determining railway economic safety, in whole or in part, of each element, quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods shall be used and combined. There is the calculation of railway economic safety based on the determination of aggregate criterion. It is found that the selection of figures upon certain functional elements shall be made based on any threats.

Research has been performed on the state of development and trends for alternative energy sources. Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy have been considered. Main types of the effects due to the implementation of renewable energy sources have been investigated. Main aspects of the actual effects upon society as a whole have been determined, in order to perform the objective assessment of the social efficiency of implementation of renewable energy sources. Methods to determine the social and economic efficiency of using the renewable energy sources have been suggested.