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This study considers shakedown in evaluating the fatigue limit of metals with compressive residual stress at the surface. We begin by applying tension-compression fatigue tests to ASTM CA6NM under conditions of controlled load and displacement to obtain fatigue limit diagram in compressive mean stress. The results imply that shakedown occurs under the condition of controlled displacement, therefore, shakedown should be considered when evaluating the fatigue limit of metals with compressive residual stress at the surface.