Search

Manuel Alejandro Serra Pérez (Ed.). La cualidad metafísica del ser respecto de la forma. Estudio de la crítica de Lawrence Dewan a Étienne Gilson. Pamplona, EUNSA, 2021, 336 pp. ISBN 9788431336608.

In the research based on the analysis of the works “On the form and principles of the sensory and intelligible world” and “The only possible basis for proving the existence of God,” it is proved that I. Kant consciously based his philosophical system on the metaphysics of mystical pantheism, according to which the earthly world is the result of the “internal” transformation of the apophatic Absolute, and human consciousness must be considered as an act of the Absolute that realizes this transformation. With this approach, space and time, as forms of pure sensory contemplation, may be interpreted as an expression of the coexistence of all things in the Absolute and the constancy of their connection with the Absolute. It is precisely this understanding of them that is present in Kant’s early works. The article substantiates the assertion that the ontological proof of the existence of God constitutes an important component of Kant’s philosophy. In the pre-critical period, he had not yet completely gotten rid of his adherence to orthodox, church ideas about God, and therefore the ontological proof was contradictory and inconsistent. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant does not reject the ontological proof, but makes it truly consistent, fully consistent with the metaphysics of mystical pantheism. What is being proven here is not the existence of God the Absolute (this is impossible, since God is Divine Nothing), but the presence in consciousness of unconditional being (“matter of perception”), which is the manifestation of the Absolute in its finit form and from which the objective world is created through acts of consciousness. The article shows the presence of many parallels between Kant’s system and the teachings of John Scotus Eriugena and Nicholas of Cusa, who created the most famous versions of mystical pantheism.

At the heart of Western history, Caribbean and African-American thinkers identified the inaugural relationship between race and capitalism early in societies where this articulation is particularly sensitive. By the end of the 18th century, racial capitalism in North America had become intertwined with the promise of democracy. From then on, the history of the Americas bears witness to the paradoxical interweaving of capitalism and racial violence on the one hand and democracy on the other. This double – or even triple – origin lies at the heart of Americanist Sylvie Laurent’s latest book, Capital et race (2024). Drawing on the central intellectual myths on which the United States, and more broadly the modern West, is founded, she focuses on the other side of the liberal emancipation narrative: the erasure of a far-reaching operation of capitalist and racial violence. This mechanism makes the modern “origin of inequality” an impossible narrative.

Abstract Background Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects can be backsolved from ssGBLUP genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) and used for genome-wide association studies (ssGWAS). However, obtaining p-values for those SNP effects relies on the inversion of dense matrices, which poses computational limitations in large genotyped populations. In this study, we present a method to approximate SNP p-values for ssGWAS with many genotyped animals. This method relies on the combination of a sparse approximation of the inverse of the genomic relationship matrix ( $${\mathbf{G}}_{\mathbf{A}\mathbf{P}\mathbf{Y}}^\mathbf{-1}$$ G A P Y - 1 ) built with the algorithm for proven and young ( $$\text{APY}$$ APY ) and an approximation of the prediction error variance of SNP effects which does not require the inversion of the left-hand side (LHS) of the mixed model equations. To test the proposed p-value computing method, we used a reduced genotyped population of 50K genotyped animals and compared the approximated SNP p-values with benchmark p-values obtained with the direct inverse of LHS built with an exact genomic relationship matrix ( $${\mathbf{G}}^\mathbf{-1})$$ G - 1 ) . Then, we applied the proposed approximation method to obtain SNP p-values for a larger genotyped population composed of 450K genotyped animals. Results The same genomic regions on chromosomes 7 and 20 were identified across all p-value computing methods when using 50K genotyped animals. In terms of computational requirements, obtaining p-values with the proposed approximation reduced the wall-clock time by 38 times and the memory requirement by ten times compared to using the exact inversion of the LHS. When the approximation was applied to a population of 450K genotyped animals, two new significant regions on chromosomes 6 and 14 were uncovered, indicating an increase in GWAS detection power when including more genotypes in the analyses. The process of obtaining p-values with the approximation and 450K genotyped individuals took 24.5 wall-clock hours and 87.66GB of memory, which is expected to increase linearly with the addition of noncore genotyped individuals. Conclusions With the proposed method, obtaining p-values for SNP effects in ssGWAS is computationally feasible in large genotyped populations. The computational cost of obtaining p-values in ssGWAS may no longer be a limitation in extensive populations with many genotyped animals.

O presente estudo abordará o Caso das Comunidades Quilombolas de Alcântara vs. Brasil, que foi submetido à Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos em 2022, após o Brasil não atender às recomendações feitas pela Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos. Nessa análise, será importante mencionar como ocorreu a construção do Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara, que envolveu a remoção de diversas famílias e a violação contínua de direitos humanos, que perdura há várias décadas. Da mesma forma, serão abordadas as tentativas de entrega da base de lançamento à exploração internacional, priorizando acordos não benéficos ao Brasil. A análise do caso permitirá demonstrar que o tratamento dado aos quilombolas de Alcântara é um retrato do tratamento dado a todas as populações que são desapropriadas por diferentes motivos, sendo desalojadas, desprovidas de suas propriedades e violadas em seus direitos de múltiplas formas. A comparação apontará a necessidade de maior proteção a todos os cidadãos que enfrentam um processo desapropriatório.

Las imágenes de las producciones editoriales dirigidas a la infancia juegan un papel decisivo en la construcción de la cultura visual. Los ilustradores emplean muchos recursos que resultan de la combinación de su aprendizaje artístico y de su adaptación al medio profesional en el que se desenvuelven. El papel como ilustrador de Luis Palao Ortubia (Zaragoza, 1863- Madrid, 1930), pese a haber sido determinante en el ámbito de la producción editorial de libros infantiles y juveniles en lengua española en el primer tercio del siglo XX, es poco conocido y valorado. Su aportación al mundo gráfico infantil, más allá de los cánones establecidos sobre innovación y tradición, alcanzó el éxito entre el público más joven, analizándose en este artículo alguna de sus claves en el subgénero de la representación de animales humanizados.

El infoshow es el macrogénero de mayor crecimiento a nivel global durante las últimas décadas. Esto se debe, en gran medida, a los procesos de desregulación de los mercados televisivos, que han fomentado que los contenidos se adapten cada vez más a los gustos y demandas de la audiencia. En España, el auge del infoshow comenzó en la década de los 2000, en un contexto de crisis económica y desafección política que propició un mayor interés del público general por temas económicos, sociales y políticos, todos ellos muy propicios a la crítica y la espectacularización. En este contexto, la sátira de actualidad se consolidó como un género destacado en la televisión española. Esta investigación se centra en El Intermedio, producido por Globomedia para La Sexta. Este programa formaba parte de los primeros contenidos con los que la cadena inició sus emisiones oficiales, en el año 2006, y sigue presente en su prime time dieciocho años después. Se trata, sin duda, del programa más longevo y, también, uno de los de mayor éxito de su parrilla. Aunque sigue la tradición de formatos previos, El Intermedio ofrece un enfoque innovador alejándose del ámbito puramente humorístico para ofrecer un acercamiento alternativo a las noticias de actualidad. Mediante el análisis de contenido de sus diez primeras temporadas se analiza el perfil de sus presentadores y colaboradores y su estructura de contenidos. Los resultados muestran un enfoque innovador en el tratamiento de las noticias y en el equilibrio entre la función informativa y el entretenimiento.

Résumé : La manifestation de la résilience par les proverbes burkinabè constitue notre réflexion dans le cadre des travaux de l’axe 2 du projet de recherche : « L’Afrique à hauteur du monde : savoirs endogènes, innovations technologiques et résilience », 3ème lauréat de l’édition 2022 du Prix Macky Sall de la recherche. En effet, les proverbes constituent de véritables leviers de transformation sociale en matière de gouvernance, d’éducation et de promotion des savoirs endogènes. Notre réflexion sur « Expressions de la résilience dans les proverbes burkinabé » permet de trouver les voies et moyens endogènes de développement et la vision du monde. Par quels mécanismes syntaxiques et structurels la résilience est-elle véhiculée dans les énoncés proverbiaux ? L’élucidation du sens transmis par ces savoirs ancestraux devrait permettre d’organiser les répliques aux différentes crises que subit le continent africain. En nous fondant sur l’ethnolinguistique qui allie paroles et expressions, nous analysons le rapport entre le concept de résilience et des proverbes des Dioula du Burkina. De la perception du sens des proverbes chez les Dioula à la résilience comme un levier de transformations sociales et individuelles des valeurs en passant par les dimensions sociales de la résilience, nous pouvons dire que les proverbes comme véhicule de la résilience individuelle renforcent l’identité collective et constituent des outils de base de l’éducation à la résilience pour promouvoir les savoirs endogènes. Mots-clés : résilience - proverbes- ethnolinguistique- valeurs endogènes

Résumé : Cette étude qualitative à caractère exploratoire cherche à identifier les représentations sociales du stage d’enseignement chez les enseignants du système éducatif ivoirien. En fait, le curriculum de formation des enseignants est composé de deux habiletés à acquérir : - la formation théorique d’une part, et - la pratique d’autre part. Pratique qui consiste à effectuer des stages pédagogiques dans des établissements scolaires. Cette pratique repose sur un ensemble de contenus explicites et implicites à assimiler par le futur enseignant. Dans cette perspective, un ensemble de taches, d’attributions, d’habiletés et compétences sont requis. De ce point de vue, nous avons amorcé une étude descriptive et qualitative en référence à l’approche structurale de la théorie des représentations sociales. L’objectif était d’appréhender le contenu du vocabulaire élaboré par les enseignants en lien avec le stage, et d en repérer les items centraux qui lui donnent un sens et une cohérence. Dans cette optique, un questionnaire de mots associés a été soumis à 200 étudiants, dont 100 filles et 100 garçons. Ceux-ci sont des enseignants en formation pour l’Education musicale et les Arts-Plastiques. Les analyses prototypiques et de similitude de ces données ont été faites à l’aide des logiciels Evoc 2005 et Simi 2005. Les résultats obtenus nous présentent dans leurs noyaux centraux, des items qui font référence aux points focaux de la formation pour l’enseignement. Ainsi, le stage fournit aux étudiants des expériences en milieu scolaire, leur donne la possibilité de faire le lien entre la théorie et la pratique, et de faire l’inventaire de leurs connaissances. Mots-clés : Stage, enseignement, enseignant, formation, représentations sociales

Este trabalho analisa, sob a perspectiva da Pedagogia histórico–crítica, aspectos político-pedagógicos relacionados à criação da Universidade do Distrito Federal – UnDF. O projeto pedagógico dessa instituição referencia-se em concepções pedagógicas como o “aprender a aprender” e o conceito de “metodologias ativas”, tomando métodos como a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) como fundamento pedagógico. A partir do referencial materialista histórico-dialético, o texto faz uso de análise documental e observação participante no primeiro ano de funcionamento da Instituição. Observa-se que os referenciais adotados pela Universidade apresentam, no ponto de partida, aspectos de precarização da educação pública, desde a concepção da profissão docente até o esvaziamento de currículos nas diversas áreas de formação.

El presente artículo propone las siguientes preguntas de investigación: ¿Cómo los documentales audiovisuales chilenos producen estética y narrativamente las imágenes del pasado reciente en Chile? ¿Cómo le dan forma a ese pasado? Particularmente nos preguntamos por las relaciones entre la historia y la memoria en cuatro documentales realizados en los últimos años y que dicen relación con la dictadura y las consecuencias traumáticas que tuvo para cientos de chilenos y chilenas. Los documentales son: Para no olvidar (Ignacio Agüero, 1981); La flaca Alejandra (Carmen Castillo y Guy Girard, 1994), Estadio nacional (Carmen Luz Parot, 2002) y Allende, mi abuelo Allende (Marcia Tambutti Allende, 2015). Nuestro acercamiento teórico-metodológico imbrica perspectivas propias del campo de la comunicación con el de la estética y el documental. Reconocemos el filme documental como agente de una mediación entre los espectadores y las imágenes, mediación que vuelve presente, visible y audible el pasado. A este tipo de mediación lo hemos denominado "pactos interpretativos", e identificamos tres tipos que implican diferentes énfasis: en la historia, en la memoria, o en la imbricación de ambas.

The text introduces works presented at the workshop (with a similar title as the one of this article) held in July 2017 at the Oñati International Institute for the Sociology of Law. The aim of that workshop was to understand the logic of transnational circulation and some local uses of the category of enforced disappearance after it was sanctioned in 2007 by the Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance by the United Nations. That juridical and historical crystallization is the point of departure to understand the transformations, the effects and the reproduction of the juridical type when transformed as ideal type. It is upon those typified forms of disappearance that today we can think about different situations that affect very diverse social figures. This presentation proposes a definition of a concept that is repeatedly use in the texts of this special issue, that of social disappearance.

En la segunda mitad del siglo IX, un monje anónimo del norte peninsular, probablemente de la zona navarro-alavesa, aprovechó un espacio vacío de un manuscrito conservado en la biblioteca de su monasterio (hoy el códice 27 de la Real Academia de la Historia) para copiar en él un poema fúnebre que no se nos ha conservado más que de su puño y letra, constituyendo así su humilde transcripción un unicum de enorme interés. El poema, perfectamente inscribible en la tradición literaria visigótica y con un claro sabor litúrgico, debió de ser compuesto entre los años 653/657 —terminus post quem seguro proporcionado por la identificación de varias dependencias de los Carmina de Eugenio II de Toledo— y mediados del IX —datación de la copia—, posiblemente durante la segunda mitad del siglo VII o en el siglo VIII. Editado por M. C. Díaz y Díaz en 1979, proponemos ahora, tras una lectura atenta del manuscrito y una exhaustiva búsqueda de fuentes, una nueva edición del Versu defuntu (CPL 1538a) acompañada de un estudio histórico-literario introductorio y de una traducción.

Abstract Background With the introduction of digital phenotyping and high-throughput data, traits that were previously difficult or impossible to measure directly have become easily accessible, offering the opportunity to enhance the efficiency and rate of genetic gain in animal production. It is of interest to assess how behavioral traits are indirectly related to the production traits during the performance testing period. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of behavior data extracted from day-wise video recordings and estimate the genetic parameters of behavior traits and their phenotypic and genetic correlations with production traits in pigs. Behavior was recorded for 70 days after on-test at about 10 weeks of age and ended at off-test for 2008 female purebred pigs, totaling 119,812 day-wise records. Behavior traits included time spent eating, drinking, laterally lying, sternally lying, sitting, standing, and meters of distance traveled. A quality control procedure was created for algorithm training and adjustment, standardizing recording hours, removing culled animals, and filtering unrealistic records. Results Production traits included average daily gain (ADG), back fat thickness (BF), and loin depth (LD). Single-trait linear models were used to estimate heritabilities of the behavior traits and two-trait linear models were used to estimate genetic correlations between behavior and production traits. The results indicated that all behavior traits are heritable, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.19 to 0.57, and showed low-to-moderate phenotypic and genetic correlations with production traits. Two-trait linear models were also used to compare traits at different intervals of the recording period. To analyze the redundancies in behavior data during the recording period, the averages of various recording time intervals for the behavior and production traits were compared. Overall, the average of the 55- to 68-day recording interval had the strongest phenotypic and genetic correlation estimates with the production traits. Conclusions Digital phenotyping is a new and low-cost method to record behavior phenotypes, but thorough data cleaning procedures are needed. Evaluating behavioral traits at different time intervals offers a deeper insight into their changes throughout the growth periods and their relationship with production traits, which may be recorded at a less frequent basis.

Resumo Este artigo investiga os processos de reconfiguração e percepção da vacinação infantil contra Covid-19 no Brasil e o cuidado da criança no pós-pandemia. Por meio da etnografia em ambientes digitais, analisamos os argumentos utilizados para questionar a vacina a partir de quatro campos (Telegram, Twitter, YouTube e Instagram). Com isso, buscamos compreender qual é a percepção dos indivíduos em relação à segurança e os riscos do imunizante, como se dá a reconfiguração da cultura da vacinação infantil no Brasil e como isso acaba reverberando em outras instâncias da vida social. Observamos que os argumentos apresentados pelos indivíduos para negar a vacina já foram utilizados em emergências sanitárias anteriores (como o HPV e a H1N1) e possuem um forte apelo por liberdade e pela manutenção dos direitos individuais, além de colocar a criança como responsabilidade da família, não cabendo esse papel ao Estado.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo profundizar en el estudio del comportamiento de los usuarios frente a las noticias falsas. Se ha realizado una encuesta (n=1350) a población de entre 18 y 80 años sobre las actitudes, los sentimientos y los sesgos cognitivos que operan en procesos de desinformación. Entre las conclusiones cabe destacar que el 89,2 % dice recibir noticias falsas. De ellos, el 25,9 % semanalmente y el 54 % declara recibirlas a través de las redes sociales, principalmente Facebook. El 41,4 % de los que alguna vez han compartido una noticia falsa confiesa haberlo hecho porque pensaba que era verdadera; el 23 %, porque estaba de acuerdo con el contenido, y un 10,1 % lo hizo porque hablaba mal de un partido político contrario al suyo. La preocupación es el sentimiento que aflora en un 66,8 % de los encuestados, seguido del 61 % que siente enfado. Sin embargo, un 38,1 % de los encuestados confiesa que las noticias falsas refuerzan lo que piensan. La investigación demuestra la prevalencia de sesgos cognitivos como el de confirmación y el de conformidad, así como la teoría de flujo en dos pasos en el proceso por el que el usuario da credibilidad a los contenidos que recibe y procede a distribuirlos.

Статья посвящена изучению процесса распада тушинского лагеря в конце 1609 – начале 1610 г. На службу к Сигизмунду III Вазе перешло или вернулось в Москву к царю В. Шуйскому лишь небольшое число тушинских бояр и дворян. В Калугу к Лжедмитрию II пришли не просто одни «казаки», а практически все русское войско самозванца. Именно поэтому в Калуге в кратчайшие сроки были воссозданы представительные Боярская дума, государев двор, возобновили работу приказы и органы местного управления на территориях, поддерживавших повстанцев на протяжении всей Смуты. Повстанческое движение отнюдь не исчерпало потенциала своего развития. Казаки – ветераны этого движения много сделали для спасения Лжедмитрия II и продолжения своей деятельности. При всем этом казачество как самостоятельная сила в Калуге себя явно не проявляло. Казачьи полки распались на отдельные станицы, не подведомственные Казачьему приказу и его главе И. М. Заруцкому. Не проявил себя здесь и казачий круг, который пришел на смену Казачьему приказу только во время движения Первого земского ополчения.

La literatura sobre innovaciones democráticas está avanzando en un programa que recupera el peso de la protesta y los movimientos sociales en la profundización democrática. Reforzando este acercamiento, en este texto se muestra una experiencia en el que actores institucionales y movimentistas comparten un acuerdo basado en principios en una estrategia de gobernanza colaborativa de desarrollo territorial. Su fracaso alimenta la confianza mutua entre ambos para trabajar en una dinámica contenciosa que busca el reconocimiento institucional del territorio. Estos dos elementos, acuerdo basado en principios y confianzas mutuas, están en la base de una nebulosa de interacciones entre instituciones locales y cuatro movimientos sociales que a través de una geometría variable de acuerdos y desacuerdos, conforman un escenario de gobernanza irruptiva que está permitiendo el arraigo y profundización democrática de dinámicas de gobernanza impulsada por la democracia en Iparralde.

Este artículo cartografía el despliegue de las innovaciones democráticas institucionales y diversas expresiones de participación que emergen desde lógicas irruptivas al objeto de mejorar la democracia “con” o “frente” a la institución. En diálogo con las reflexiones más recientes y punteras en la academia, en el texto se ponen en valor tres elementos claves que articulan este monográfico. En primer lugar, la necesidad de avanzar más allá de la mera institucionalización de la participación para lograr que la lógica democrática arraigue en la cultura política, social e institucional. En segundo lugar, la importancia de la protesta y la irrupción como elemento de democratización. En tercer lugar, la necesidad de ampliar la mirada al análisis de la democracia con el estudio de los espacios instituyentes que funcionan al margen de la institución.

Abstract Background Validation by data truncation is a common practice in genetic evaluations because of the interest in predicting the genetic merit of a set of young selection candidates. Two of the most used validation methods in genetic evaluations use a single data partition: predictivity or predictive ability (correlation between pre-adjusted phenotypes and estimated breeding values (EBV) divided by the square root of the heritability) and the linear regression (LR) method (comparison of “early” and “late” EBV). Both methods compare predictions with the whole dataset and a partial dataset that is obtained by removing the information related to a set of validation individuals. EBV obtained with the partial dataset are compared against adjusted phenotypes for the predictivity or EBV obtained with the whole dataset in the LR method. Confidence intervals for predictivity and the LR method can be obtained by replicating the validation for different samples (or folds), or bootstrapping. Analytical confidence intervals would be beneficial to avoid running several validations and to test the quality of the bootstrap intervals. However, analytical confidence intervals are unavailable for predictivity and the LR method. Results We derived standard errors and Wald confidence intervals for the predictivity and statistics included in the LR method (bias, dispersion, ratio of accuracies, and reliability). The confidence intervals for the bias, dispersion, and reliability depend on the relationships and prediction error variances and covariances across the individuals in the validation set. We developed approximations for large datasets that only need the reliabilities of the individuals in the validation set. The confidence intervals for the ratio of accuracies and predictivity were obtained through the Fisher transformation. We show the adequacy of both the analytical and approximated analytical confidence intervals and compare them versus bootstrap confidence intervals using two simulated examples. The analytical confidence intervals were closer to the simulated ones for both examples. Bootstrap confidence intervals tend to be narrower than the simulated ones. The approximated analytical confidence intervals were similar to those obtained by bootstrapping. Conclusions Estimating the sampling variation of predictivity and the statistics in the LR method without replication or bootstrap is possible for any dataset with the formulas presented in this study.

U radu se proučavaju karakteristike, potrebe i iskustva slovenskih interesenata za učenje hrvatskoga jezika na području poslovanja i ekonomije. Rezultati dobiveni na uzorku od 308 ispitanika pokazuju da se s potrebom učenja hrvatskoga jezika susreće više od jedne trećine radno aktivnih slovenskih studenata i diplomanata na tom strukovnom području, dok bi 30 % ukupne studentske populacije odabralo učenje hrvatskoga jezika, ako bi im to bilo omogućeno unutar studija. U dijelu studenata diplomskoga studija taj je udio čak 44 %. Ispitanici su pokazali sklonost učenju kroz praktične primjere, putem igre, glazbe i filmova, kroz koje žele upoznati i kulturu druge zemlje uz sam jezik. S druge strane, kvalitetan je učitelj nužan preduvjet učenja jezika, dok su učenje napamet, naglasak na ocjenjivanju i ponavljanju gramatike oni elementi koji najčešće bude negativne asocijacije studenata. Naposljetku, treba istaknuti da bi četvrtina ispitanih studenata, koji bi odabrali hrvatski jezik među izbornim kolegijima u okviru besplatnoga studija, bili spremni platiti tržišnu cijenu za pohađanje nastave iz hrvatskoga jezika, dok je približno polovica te populacije spremna platiti nižu cijenu.

Tuberculoza este o boală infecțioasă gravă și răspândită la nivel global, cauzând un număr semnificativ de decese în fiecare an. Aceasta continuă să reprezinte o provocare majoră pentru sistemul de sănătate și necesită eforturi susținute de control și prevenție. Scopul acestei lucrări a fost de a analiza aspectele istorice ale tuberculozei și rezultatele programelor de control la nivel mondial și local. Materialele și metodele utilizate au implicat cercetarea literaturii de specialitate. Principalele concluzii includ evoluția istorică a tuberculozei, impactul descoperirilor și progreselor medicale asupra tratamentului și controlului bolii, precum și necesitatea continuă de a implementa strategii eficiente de prevenție și tratament.

Inflamația xantogranulomatoasă este caracterizată histologic printr-o aglomerare de macrofage lipidice cu limfocite, celule plasmatice, neutrofile și deseori celule gigantice multinucleare cu sau fără despicaturi de colesterol, care se observă cel mai frecvent în rinichi și vezica biliară. Implicarea apendicelui vermiform în procesul patologic este destul de rară, în literatură sunt descrise doar cazuri unice. Apendicita xantogranulomatoasă este ca regulă depistată retrospectiv în patologia chirurgicală, care este asociată cu dileme diagnostice și terapeutice semnificative datorită prezentării sale variabile.

Autorii prezintă o trecere în revistă a literaturii de specialitate cu privire la diagnosticul, tratamentul și caracteristicile morfologice ale tumorilor rare - tumorile mucinoase retroperitoneale primare.

Scop. Studierea mortalității bolnavilor de tuberculoză prin boli asociate și alte cauze. Materiale și metode. A fost efectuată o analiză comparativă, retrospectivă a 222 cazuri de deces prin tuberculoză, boli asociate și alte cauze în mun. Chișinău în două perioade de timp: perioada I (2001-2003) - 157 și perioada II (2018- 2020) - 65 cazuri. Rezultate. În perioada II comparativ cu perioada I a avut loc o deplasare a vârstei spre 65+ (peste 1/3 cazuri); apro- ximativ ½ cazuri de decese au fost din cazurile de retratament; a predominat forma infiltrativă de tuberculoză; a crescut patologia oncologică; a scăzut numărul bolilor hepatice, au apărut cazuri de deces după ulcerul gastric perforant și COVID-19. În ambele perioade bolnavii au decedat și de alte cauze: În perioada I - septicemie - 2; accdente rutiere -15 , îngheț - 8 și suicide - 2 cazuri; În perioada II- peritonite -2, înec - 2, îngheț - 2, supradozarea drogurilor- 2 și suicid - 1 caz. Concluzie. Cele mai frecvente boli asociate care au contribuit la decesul bolnavilor de tuberculoză au fost: patologia oncologică, bolile sistemului cardiac, ictusul cerebral.

Autorii prezintă o trecere în revistă a literaturii de specialitate privind diagnosticul, tratamentul și caracteristicile morfologice ale unei tumori rare - liposarcomul primar al colonului.

Este artículo analiza dos explicaciones de por qué la retórica ha sobrevivido más de dos milenios hasta la actualidad. La filosofía del lenguaje de Ortega y Gasset se centró en que el acontecer personal del hablante es irreductible a los automatismos sociales. Chomsky analizó los automatismos que actúan en la gramaticalización para concluir que la competencia es irreductible al algoritmo. Ambos remontan, a través de Humboldt, a la idea platónica del lenguaje. Según Chomsky la lengua aborda situaciones nuevas con recursos memorísticos incomparablemente inferiores a los de una máquina generadora de textos, como el ChatGPT. Siguiendo a Ortega cada persona produce innumerables decires nuevos en la diversidad de situaciones, razón por la que perdura la retórica. Ambos argumentos explican que, por potente que sea, la máquina no puede conseguir la plena simulación moral de la inconmensurable intencionalidad humana.

Neste artigo é discutido como quebradeiras de coco babaçu negras têm construído lutas comunitárias e criado estratégias políticas no Maranhão/Brasil. A partir das reflexões propostas por Maria do Rosário, importante liderança negra do território quilombola de Sesmaria do Jardim, são construídas visões sobre seus vínculos territoriais, memória e processos de organização, focando em engajamentos coletivos e relações entre mulheres e homens negros. As reflexões expostas são oriundas do trabalho de campo com as quebradeiras de coco e ancoradas em discussões sobre terror racial; violência antinegra e engajamentos coletivos.

Reseña de Jesús M. Usunáriz, Maleficium. Navarra y la caza de brujas. Siglos XIV-XVII, Pamplona, Fondo de Publicaciones del Gobierno de Navarra, 2023, 207 pp. ISBN: 978-84-235-3671-9.

Margaret Atwood’s provocative book of non-fiction contains many literary references, which help to effectively highlight her points about such a topical matter as debt, debt as a philosophical, politico-economic, religious, and historical issue over the centuries. In the central chapters of the book she looks at the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of interest on loans and in this light analyzes the novels by Dickens, Irving, Thackeray and G. Eliot. Her final statement in the book is, however, about the ecological debt we all have to pay to Earth in order to ensure our existence.

Sports mega-events such as the Olympic and Paralympic Games are increasingly being contested because of their financial, social and environmental impact. However, the French capital, which is due to host the next edition of the Games, seems to have escaped these challenges, which, even if they do exist, hardly seem likely to break the "Olympic consensus". Based on a corpus of articles from the national press and interviews with actors involved in the organization of Paris 2024, this article proposes to highlight not only the media framework that is conducive to maintaining this consensus, but also the mobilization work that underpins it, carried out by different categories of social, political and administrative agents with converging interests who have embraced the same desire to enchant the Games. Faced with these networks of circumstance, the oppositions appear on the contrary too dispersed and fragmented.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo exponer los regímenes laborales de género en el capitalismo, a efecto de explicar la masculinización del privilegio en el ámbito laboral. El artículo emplea una metodología ajustada al análisis de textos tanto teóricos como empíricos. Análisis, interpretación y transformación de los regímenes de producción de la diferencia sexual que esencializan, mediante la ecuación naturaleza=heterosexualidad, la identidad sexo-genérica y las prácticas heteronormativas que rigen las organizaciones laborales. This article aims to expose gender labor regimes in capitalism, in order to explain the masculinization of privilege in the workplace. The article uses a methodology adjusted to the analysis of both theoretical and empirical texts. Analysis, interpretation, and transformation of the regimes of production of sexual difference that essentialize, through the equation nature=heterosexuality, sex-gender identity and the heteronormative practices that govern labor organizations.

The Croatian legal system is traditionally under the dominant influence of the Germanic legal tradition. This is a logical consequence of historical circumstances, which state that present-day Croatia was long part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In the field of criminal law, which is the focus of this paper, there is a significant influence of Austrian, German, and Swiss criminal law. However, since 2008, new trends have emerged, first evident in procedural law (through the introduction of the previously typical AngloAmerican institution of plea bargaining in criminal proceedings), and then from 2013 also in substantive criminal law. In the Criminal Code of 2013, sexual offenses were modeled after the English Sexual Offences Act of 2003, which has sparked considerable controversy in theory and practice. In this text, the author critically examines this legislative shift in tradition from the perspective of comparing the historical circumstances of the English and Croatian criminal law backgrounds. The author discusses the differences in criminal justice systems of these countries, compares the circumstances of the origin and shaping of sexual offenses in the mentioned legislations, and presents the results of their own research conducted in Croatia, reflecting whether the new legal solution was successful and whether it achieved its purpose. Based on this, the author provides an answer to the hypothetical question of whether a solution implemented from one legal tradition can successfully exist in the conditions of another significantly different legal tradition.

The Spanish and Portuguese forestry administrations cooperated in the late 19th century to carry out a series of pioneering reforestation projects in various dunes areas. Dunes forestry held a privileged place in administration thought and had material characteristics that lent themselves to standardized classification. The analysis of these projects in the Algarve and Andalucia showed very clearly how national and international communities of experts generated knowledge and new infrastructures about the dunes territory. Producing credible environmental knowledge at that time required an international network of disciplined experts. The dunes plantations constituted a groundbreaking accomplishment because of their potential to unify administration practices.

Se revisa la edición crítica del poema satírico Beltraneja o Victoria peruntina (de hacia 1596), señalando una serie de problemas ecdóticos y de interpretación de la edición de Montero y Sánchez Jiménez.

La intención de este artículo es mostrar en qué radica la oposición que representa el Sócrates platónico frente a la sofística y mostrar, tan solo como apunte, como hace suya la posición socrática el pensamiento medieval, desarrollando un pensamiento de extraordinaria riqueza en torno a la humildad, la confianza, la esperanza y el amor.

ملخص: تتناول المقالة سيرة الكاتب مرزاق بقطاش (1945-2021) وإنتاجه الروائي، الذي لم ينل قدرها الكافي من التقدير والاعتبار، وكذلك تأثيره في تطوير فن الرواية جزائريا وعربيا، كما تسلّط الضوء على أهم مكوناته الثقافية والاجتماعية والسياسية علما بأن بقطاش كان أديبا وصحافيا ورساما في آن واحد. ثم سنتوقف عند مفهومه للتجديد السردي، تحديدا في روايته "دم الغزال"، وبالأخص سبل توظيف هذا المفهوم في تجربته الشخصية مع الموت بعد محاولة الاغتيال التي تعرض لها في 1993، إذ أنه يستند إلى تلك الوقائع للتأمل في تجليات الفناء والزوال. ويتضح لنا أنه يستخدم محاولة الاغتيال تلك وكذلك مقتل عدد من الزملاء والأصدقاء والمعارف بمن فيهم رئيس الجمهورية للكناية عن أحوال بلاده المأسوية. هكذا، يتحول الموت بصفته ظاهرة فردية إلى قضية اجتماعية تختزل محنة تاريخ الجزائر المعاصر، في مقاربة أدبية وفلسفية تدلّ على مهارة كاتبنا في التعامل مع مادة غامضة وملتبسة كالموت دون التخلي عن أساليبه وتقنياته المعهودة المتسمة بالتهكم وقوة الترميز ووتفكيك آليات السردية التقليدية والالتزام بالواقع الاجتماعي-السياسي الذي اتصمت به "العشرية السوداء" في التسعينات من القرن الماضي.

Abstract Background Whole-genome sequence (WGS) data harbor causative variants that may not be present in standard single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip data. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of using preselected variants from WGS for single-step genomic predictions in maternal and terminal pig lines with up to 1.8k sequenced and 104k sequence imputed animals per line. Methods Two maternal and four terminal lines were investigated for eight and seven traits, respectively. The number of sequenced animals ranged from 1365 to 1491 for the maternal lines and 381 to 1865 for the terminal lines. Imputation to sequence occurred within each line for 66k to 76k animals for the maternal lines and 29k to 104k animals for the terminal lines. Two preselected SNP sets were generated based on a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Top40k included the SNPs with the lowest p-value in each of the 40k genomic windows, and ChipPlusSign included significant variants integrated into the porcine SNP chip used for routine genotyping. We compared the performance of single-step genomic predictions between using preselected SNP sets assuming equal or different variances and the standard porcine SNP chip. Results In the maternal lines, ChipPlusSign and Top40k showed an average increase in accuracy of 0.6 and 4.9%, respectively, compared to the regular porcine SNP chip. The greatest increase was obtained with Top40k, particularly for fertility traits, for which the initial accuracy based on the standard SNP chip was low. However, in the terminal lines, Top40k resulted in an average loss of accuracy of 1%. ChipPlusSign provided a positive, although small, gain in accuracy (0.9%). Assigning different variances for the SNPs slightly improved accuracies when using variances obtained from BayesR. However, increases were inconsistent across the lines and traits. Conclusions The benefit of using sequence data depends on the line, the size of the genotyped population, and how the WGS variants are preselected. When WGS data are available on hundreds of thousands of animals, using sequence data presents an advantage but this remains limited in pigs.

Abstract Background Identifying true positive variants in genome-wide associations (GWA) depends on several factors, including the number of genotyped individuals. The limited dimensionality of genomic information may give insights into the optimal number of individuals to be used in GWA. This study investigated different discovery set sizes based on the number of largest eigenvalues explaining a certain proportion of variance in the genomic relationship matrix (G). In addition, we investigated the impact on the prediction accuracy by adding variants, which were selected based on different set sizes, to the regular single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips used for genomic prediction. Methods We simulated sequence data that included 500k SNPs with 200 or 2000 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN). A regular 50k panel included one in every ten simulated SNPs. Effective population size (Ne) was set to 20 or 200. GWA were performed using a number of genotyped animals equivalent to the number of largest eigenvalues of G (EIG) explaining 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 98, and 99% of the variance. In addition, the largest discovery set consisted of 30k genotyped animals. Limited or extensive phenotypic information was mimicked by changing the trait heritability. Significant and large-effect size SNPs were added to the 50k panel and used for single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP). Results Using a number of genotyped animals corresponding to at least EIG98 allowed the identification of QTN with the largest effect sizes when Ne was large. Populations with smaller Ne required more than EIG98. Furthermore, including genotyped animals with a higher reliability (i.e., a higher trait heritability) improved the identification of the most informative QTN. Prediction accuracy was highest when the significant or the large-effect SNPs representing twice the number of simulated QTN were added to the 50k panel. Conclusions Accurately identifying causative variants from sequence data depends on the effective population size and, therefore, on the dimensionality of genomic information. This dimensionality can help identify the most suitable sample size for GWA and could be considered for variant selection, especially when resources are restricted. Even when variants are accurately identified, their inclusion in prediction models has limited benefits.

Royal protocol reserved space for the chain porters, servants of the Household of Castile who, although they gave way to the palace hallway situated at the Royal Sites, were not empowered to authorise access to it. Despite this, doctrinally they were of great importance, given that the chain they handled was a landmark of reproduction of the palace space in a jurisdictional order, from which the functions of the palatium were extended and, in the opposite direction, the subjects gained access to the royal person. The courtly space, understood as a territorial reality expanded through the courtyard and the surrounding square beyond the palace walls, materialised the limit and the functionality borned in the physical seat of the king's permanence, a charismatic pole from which the meaning of an entire political and administrative system emanated, especially at the Royal Sites.

We have expanded our knowledge of the localities, sites and distribution of the Amelanchiero ovalis-Pinetum mugo association in the Slovenian Alps. Based on phytocenological analyses, the shrub association belonging to the forest vegetation type Alpine mountain pine scrub was divided into two subassociations: peucedanetosum oreoselini and hylocomiadelphetosum triquetri. We also described four variants within the latter association.

Resumo Esse artigo procura entrelaçar uma reflexão sobre as regras burocráticas de documentação de imigrantes na Irlanda com a questão de visibilidade ou invisibilidade dos corpos de imigrantes brasileiros. O argumento central é que os regimes de documentação/indocumentação são responsáveis por uma flutuação na visibilidade dos imigrantes para o Estado irlandês, tornando-os ora materiais e visíveis e ora imateriais e invisíveis e, muitas vezes, em algum lugar entre esses dois polos. Essa flutuação é responsável por várias ordens de dificuldades na vida de muitos imigrantes, desde a falta de acesso a serviços até processos de lenta ocultação dos próprios corpos. Para a realização do texto, utilizo-me de dados do trabalho de campo etnográfico, realizado entre imigrantes brasileiros na Irlanda entre março e junho de 2022, assim como da análise das legislações de migração irlandesas.

La relación entre el rey y los nobles es uno de los factores clave de la configuración de la organización política en la Edad Media (la Monarquía). A lo largo del siglo XIII se produce un cambio muy importante en esa relación por la introducción y extensión del dinero en forma de feudos de bolsa (soldadas y situados) como elemento aglutinante de esa relación. En este artículo se estudia cómo se produce ese cambio en Castilla, tomando como puntos de referencia la situación hacia 1200 y hacia 1300 (reinados de Alfonso VIII y de Sancho IV). Pueden resumirse esos cambios en una transformación en la que “la política de la tierra” va dando paso al “feudalismo bastardo”.

La goutte est une affection caractérisée par un dépôt d’urates monosodiques. Ceux-ci génèrent dans les tissus mous des tophi et dans les articulations une arthrite goutteuse. La goutte spinale est rare et presque jamais suspectée dans notre contexte. Il s’agit des premiers cas neurochirurgicaux rapportés d’Afrique Sub-Saharienne. Elle peut se manifester par des rachialgies aiguës, une radiculopathie, une compression radiculo-médullaire lente, voire une spondylodiscite ou une épidurite néoplasique ou infectieuse. Accroitre l’éveil diagnostique, rapporter notre expérience chirurgicale et faire une revue de Littérature. Deux patients ont été colligés entre Janvier et Août 2022. Il s’est agi de 2 hommes de 42 et 60 ans. La goutte était méconnue chez le plus jeune, connue et mal suivie chez l’autre. Aucun antécédent tuberculeux ni immunodéficience n’avait été retrouvé. Le diagnostic radioclinique initial évoqué était une spondylodiscite lombale dans les 2 cas : paraplégie progressive sans troubles sphinctériens chez l’un et déficit monocrural L5S1 progressif avec défaut érectile et dysurie chez l’autre. La fièvre était initiale dans les 2 cas. Une laminectomie avec biopsie a été réalisée aux 2 patients. Le tophus rachidien était ligamentaire dans l’un et arthro-ligamentaire dans l’autre. La récupération motrice était progressive : dès J2 postopératoire jusqu’à M1 postopératoire. Un traitement antituberculeux probabiliste a été instauré en post-opératoire immédiat sur bases radiocliniques et stoppé après l’histologie. Celle-ci était en faveur d’une ostéite chronique calcifié avec fibrose dense dans les 2 cas, avec une Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) au Mycobacterium tuberculosis négative. Un traitement antigoutteux a été instauré dès J15 postopératoire après évidence biologique, avec suivi rhumatologique régulier et kinésithérapie adjuvante. Les résultats étaient très satisfaisants dès 4-6 mois, avec marche autonome. Le suivi s’est fait sur 1 an. La goutte spinale devrait être évoquée chez l’homme après 40 ans, devant toute rachialgie aiguë, avec signes neurologiques déficitaires et neuro-imagerie douteuse.

As a child we all admired the sparkling desert crystal sand grains of the sandglass, and while they slowly, silently rolled down, occasionally, we started dreaming, after having turned it very carefully, watching the grains taking different directions, as the sand was suddenly starting to dance! While the sunlight reflected on the even flow of crystal grains, imagination soared far, into the actual deserts, desert ships, camels, into the fantasy worlds… It was good to dream, freely, realistically, or with a free imagination. As in the sandglass time moments are overlapping, never simply a passing of time as bidirectional succession of points. The duration of the present suggests a radical experience of the hic et Nunc. The sandglass gives us also about five minutes to figure out the right order of our experience. It is both short as an aphorism, both long enough to captures some real perfection and harmony in the world. In our dialogue we tried to crystallize a few central ethical notions, such as an ethical evolution in time, captured by the allegory of the sandglass, which opens not only the imagination but also challenges the decision-maker: “Now quick, take the right decision, I give you five minutes!”