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In France, the "Student Orientation and Success" law of March 8, 2018 created the Parcoursup platform and strengthened the role of secondary school teachers in supporting young people's orientation. Not trained for this, they nevertheless have to deal with this mission and the new features induced by the platform, which is the subject of strong criticism, particularly due to the inequalities it generates. The potential adjustments needed to deal with it then call into question the professional identity of secondary school teachers. The research focuses on how they accept or resist the reform through the prism of its reception and implementation. 23 high school teachers were interviewed in comprehensive semi-directive interviews. The results reveal a lack of training and skills in this area among the respondents. The latter feel illegitimate and remain uncertain about the effects that their support can have on the students' paths. Despite their converging perceptions regarding orientation, the latter reinterpret and adjust to this mission according to their seniority, their discipline and the context of their establishment. They are led to operate a "tinkering" to adapt as best as possible to the injunctions. In France, the "Orientation and Student Success" law of March 8, 2018, created the Parcoursup platform and strengthened the role of high school teachers in guiding young people in their orientation. Untrained for this, the latter nevertheless have to deal with this mission and the new features induced by the platform, which is the subject of strong criticism due in particular to the inequalities it generates. The potential adjustments required to cope with this challenge the professional identity of high school teachers. The research focuses on how the latter accept or resist the reform through the prism of their reception and implementation. 23 high school teachers were interviewed using comprehensive semi-directive interviews. The results highlight a lack of training and skills in this area among the respondents. The latter felt illegitimate and remained uncertain about the effects that their support could have on the students' progress. Despite their convergent perceptions of orientation, they reinterpret and adjust to this mission according to their seniority, their discipline and the context of their school. They have to do a "makeshift job" in order to adapt to the injunctions as best they can. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to prevent infanticide, punishable by death, in a 1556 order, Henry II required single mothers to declare their status. Between 1761 and 1790, these declarations were recorded in two registers at the Bailliage of Rouen. Although these documents are written in a masculine, administrative style, they also contain the rare voices of women. and provide an insight into what led these women to illegitimacy and how they approached the process of informing the authorities of their pregnancy.

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Copyright of Éducation et Francophonie is the property of Association Canadienne d'Education de Langue Francaise (ACELF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vie et Sciences de l'Entreprise is the property of ANDESE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This text presents a collective discussion conducted with five women during the mobilisation against pension reform in January 2020. They were chosen by the interviewer because they were not mobilised against the planned reform, or because they confusedly thought it was right or necessary, or because they thought they had no say in the matter. They are not mobilised against the reform nor in favour of it. However, they are not totally disinterested: they simply don't really understand what is at stake and they feel that everything has already been decided in advance. This group interview wishes to contribute to understanding this individual and collective state of mind, reinforced by the Covid-19 pandemic.

This article analyzes the approaches of medical specialists dedicated to childhood, between the second half of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. Through publications in the press and titling reports, he explores the explanations of the causes of infant mortality in relation to a collection of scientific elements and a wide range of moral judgments, including the illegitimacy of birth, alcoholism and tuberculosis. After this analysis, it is concluded that up to the organization of pediatric medicine and the promulgation of the Law of the Children Invalid, they were adopted a series of arguments related to the culture of the time more than in the treatments of the diseases to try to reduce one of the highest rates worldwide.

Copyright of Education et Societes is the property of INRP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education et Societes is the property of INRP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In an article published in 2015 (« La France profonde. Relations de parenté et alliances matrimoniales (xvie-xviiie siècle) », Annales HSS), Gérard Delille used the massive and dense material he had accumulated on matrimonial alliances over several generations of provincials during the Old Regime to argue that the “structuring” figures of kinship should be considered as “enduring contexts”. In this fashion he addressed the classic criticism directed against structural anthropological approaches to kinship that they fail to address sufficiently diachronic dynamics in their concern to analyze enduring structures and unchanging elements. This article uses this notion of “enduring contexts” to explore permanences in the condition of illegitimate children of the nobility between the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries. Can one explain the role that illegitimate children continued to play in noble lineages as an effect of the patrilineal inflection in the transmission of nobility as well as the exaltation of bloodlines that seem to characterize nobility over the longue durée? Drawing on recent scholarship in the history of kinship and that of bloodlines, the article develops this hypothesis through the historicization of filiation and the imaginary around blood considered a biological “given” of ties of filiation from the end of the Middle Age to the end of the seventeenth century. At another level of analysis, the substitution of the term “enduring context” for that of “structure” opens other sorts of questions: historiographic questions about scalar analyses of temporalities in which historical events occur, questions about the presuppositions, the hypothesis and the horizons of the historical anthropology of kinship.

This contribution seeks to put the concept of "European family system" to the test of the Spanish-American colonial context in the seventeenth century. The Spanish-American case distinguishes itself, in this matter, by a great diversity of situations, showing the coexistence of elite models in sharp contrast with those of other social groups. Faced with the centrality of the patrimonial question as the driving force of the alliance for the former, the more modest groups deploy indeed a great diversity of practices and grammars of the “kinning”. To "make a family" is thus socially conjugated process. This article questions the relevance of basing this divergence on the ethno cultural difference – i.e. the co-presence in colonial areas of European and extra-European models - and questions the very validity of the notion of model, both in the American and European context

Through the close study of private correspondence extracts and first-hand testimonies found in the London Foundling Hospital archives, this paper will analyse the phenomenon of the flight towards the colonies of the British Empire in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. In the archives of this charitable institute dedicated to the reception of abandoned and illegitimate children since 1739, distant southern colonies such as Australia, New Zealand, Southern Africa, but also India are omnipresent through recurrent references to the attempted flight of the fathers of illegitimate children. These remote places came to represent the possibility of starting over, of erasing one’s mistakes but also and most especially, in our case study, of distancing oneself from the mother of one’s illegitimate child and the related unwanted responsibilities. Through an examination of the correspondence between the men and the pregnant women they are abandoning, this paper will strive to better understand the conditions under which they chose to depart and the reasons why they did so in such an abrupt manner, ultimately focusing on male attitudes and behaviour regarding illegitimacy in late Victorian Britain.

In the context of globalization – which diffuses and imposes norms and values defined as western – family law in North African countries might seem to be the domain least affected by the process of judicial normalization, but in fact this is an area that has seen important revisions in recent years. This article examines some recent legislative changes that respond to new social needs while also calling into question traditional understandings of filiation – raising the question of a social and legal redefinition of this issue. On one level, this question points to the choices of Algerian, Moroccan and Tunisian legislators with regard to scientific techniques for establishing or contesting filiation, as well as in relation to medically assisted procreation and adoption. On another level, it sheds light on the politico-social treatment of illegitimate and abandoned children, on legislative efforts supported by Algerian and Moroccan authorities – who are constrained by the extent of the phenomenon to recognize this social category (until now invisible and hindered by ostracism) yet without addressing the underlying legal and moral issues.

The fertility decline in Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries is often only broached through the fertility of married couples. However, in 19th century Paris, illegitimate fertility is particularly high and it is important to analyze its evolution independently of marital fertility. First, this research aims to measure the level of these two types of fertility, to understand the movements and mechanisms for each and to grasp the effect illegitimate births may have had on the decline of general fertility. Second, based on the recognition and legitimization of illegitimate children, the births of unwed mothers and those of unmarried couples will be differentiated to understand the impact of these two groups on the movement of illegitimate fertility.

Copyright of Lien Social et Politiques is the property of Institut National de Recherche Scientifique (INRS) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work is based upon the times of the Colonial twilight and the early Republic Period in the Rio de la Plata. At that time, collective assumptions were public, as opposed to the sphere of intimacy and the private environment where behaviour patterns related to the family universe used to be indicated. Regardless of the people’s public discourse, we can go over the documents to learn about behaviour and mentality during the colonial period as stated by Frédérique Lange. Such behaviour and mentality have an imbrication with familiarity, which is contrary to public ness that is found in the collective imaginary. At the end of the 18th century, there were many changes in the social imaginary and in the interpersonal relationships in a remote city of the Spanish empire. Buenos Aires was a place where the strong commercial and social links with the port, and between the port and the rest of the world, formed a multicultural city, which was different from other American as well as European towns as stated by Di Stefano. In the Rio de la Plata, the Iberian Catholic State, that had provided guidelines for behaviour and order, suffered the impact of the new ideas, activating a social dynamics that cracked the system and the “colonial unanimity”.

Since the 80’s, French literature has been the theater of a strong return of filiation and self-fiction stories, in which the original figure of an author is telling about himself. Based on the works of Pierre Michon and Jean Rouaud, this study is part of a reflection about the identity construction of the French author in his relation with writing and with the contemporary literary field. Its aim is to show why and how ethos is a fundamental constituent of the author’s legitimacy and self invention.

This article proposes to analyze the inclusion or exclusion illegitimate children were subjected to in the parish of Nossa Senhora da Conceição do Sabará, in Brazil and the parish of São João do Souto in Braga, Portugal.Particular emphasis will be given to the main factor framing social issues relative to illegitimacy, that is, the distinction between natural and spurious children—the latter being those born of adulterous, sacrilegious, or incestuous unions. In the parish of Nossa Senhora da Conceição do Sabará, the documentation reveals that the majority of illegitimate children, who were socially andlegally declared and recognized as such, did not have their inheritance rights contested even when legitimate children were present. Conversely, in the parish of São João do Souto the recognition of legitimate children occurred, in the majority of the cases, only when legitimate children were absent. The goal of this article, therefore, is to present and understand the different ways illegitimate children were treated in the Portuguese Atlantic World despite a common subjection to the same civic andcanon laws.

Based on 12 396 baptisms of legitimate, natural and abandoned children of the parish of El Sagrario of the cathedral of the city of Puebla from 1783 to 1792, the rates of illegitimacy are analyzed by ethnic group (between eight and twenty percent) as well as the abandonment of children. This practice was carried out on the door steps of the individual's homes and to a lesser extent in the House of Foundling Children, of which its origin and scope is mentioned. The study approaches the differences according to the genre and the motivations: shortage of resources and the protection of the honor of the mother. A better understanding of the problem was achieved as a result of the analysis of a single letter of mercy that appeared among 1 389 registers; it is a question of an extraordinary document for the content of the speech and the rarety of its existence.

This article analyses the conditions of vulnerability that affected people who lived outside the ideal family norms, especially regarding illegitimacy, in Argentina in the mid-twentieth century. This involved many families: in 1940 one out of three newborns was classified as “illegitimate”. The analysis shows that illegitimate birth was a juridical condition that implied significant loss of rights. It was aggravated by social, economic and cultural conditions of inferiority and by the moral stigmatization. These multiple handicaps represented a considerable barrier to social integration and to conditions of equality. Finally, this article examines the special attention the first Peronism showed having for people whose lives did not follow traditional norms. It also explains the changes introduced by Peronism on the different conditions of vulnerability.

To what extent is it possible to speak of natural children in the Roman law of Antiquity? -- Most legal historians understand the Latin words filii naturales as 'natural children', which a connotation of illegitimate children, second-class because born and educated outside wedlock. An analysis of filius and naturalis in the Justinian collection learns that in Roman Antiquity these terms indicated own congenital children and had no negative understone. The epitomes of the Breviarium of Alaric demonstrate that the modern denotation of natural children came up in the eighth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Tocqueville Review -- La Revue Tocqueville is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: The object of this study is the family history of a set of infertile men, through a filiation event grid. This study examines the genealogical tree established during the genetic session, which precedes an ICSI procedure, and applies this filiation grid to a sample of 30 men met in the ART department and to a reference group of 30 fertile men met in a maternity hospital after the birth of their child. The results show statistical differences in the filiation events of both populations. We can therefore assume that difficulties in the past generations may play a part in some cases of male infertility. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstracts are presented on topics of French history including the 12th-century work entitled "Gesta Ludovici Grossi" by Suger of Saint-Denis about French King Louis VI and the crusades, the anonymously published 18th-century verse satires of French author and Jansenist Nicolas Jouin, and a study of the 18th century French colonial legal cases of Jamet v. Guerre and Raymond v. Casse regarding race, illegitimacy, and inheritance.