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This study aims to determine the sustainability impact of large-scale solar PV farms and to recommend strategies for their sustainable development. Using a comprehensive assessment framework, we analyzed environmental, economic, and social dimensions through a combination of life cycle assessment (LCA), cost-benefit analysis, and respondent interviews. Our findings reveal that while solar farms significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, they also pose challenges such as land use conflicts, ecological disruption, and social equity issues. Specifically, the displacement of agricultural land and impacts on local biodiversity emerged as critical concerns. Additionally, although solar farms create jobs and reduce energy costs, these benefits are sometimes offset by high initial investment costs and long-term maintenance. The study underscores the importance of integrated planning and policy-making to address these challenges and enhance the sustainability of solar energy projects. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on balancing renewable energy development with sustainable land and community management practices.

The straps of rattan bag handicraft products in Indonesia have different shapes and sizes. This can be observed from the straps of rattan shoulder bags designed to have a permanent size, leading to the lack of flexibility in increasing or decreasing the length of the bag to fit the height of the users. Therefore, this study aimed to design a standard ergonomic strap length for rattan shoulder bags in order to ensure compatibility with small, medium, and large-sized users in Indonesia. The process was conducted through the retrieval of anthropometric data for women between the ages of 17 and 45 years for calculations. The results showed that 60 cm was the appropriate length for small-sized users, 85 cm for medium, and 100 cm for large. The implication of the results was to provide support for the production of different strap length designs based on the differences in the type of bag and body size. Moreover, the results contributed to the rattan handicraft industry by providing recommendation on the standard strap lengths for shoulder bags to be produced.