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The spectral characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres is a relatively new subject. Until recently, space and ground-based observatories allowed only a few planets to be observed with spectroscopic instruments. The arrival of JWST data and the development of new instruments on Earth will drastically modify the situation, giving access to deeper modelling contraints and to a better understanding on planet formation and evolution. This paper is devoted to describe the turning point experienced by the astronomy of exoplanets that will continue in particular with the launch of the ESA/Ariel mission at the end of the decade.