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Résumé Objectifs Étudier la proportion d’anomalies retrouvées sur le bilan diagnostique réalisé après échec d’au moins deux tentatives de FIV. Discuter l’intérêt du bilan diagnostique. Méthodes Étude descriptive rétrospective. Entre janvier 2008 et janvier 2012, 205 couples présentant au moins deux échecs de FIV ont bénéficié du bilan suivant : caryotypes du couple ; auto-immunité, thrombophilie, échographie-doppler pelvienne et hystéroscopie diagnostique chez les femmes. Résultats Les principales anomalies biologiques étaient auto-immunes pour 23,9 % des patientes : anticorps antinucléaires (5,7 %), antithyroperoxydase (11,5 %) et antithyroglobuline (8,3 %) ; thrombotiques avec des anticorps antiphospholipides pour 8,2 % des patientes (1,4 % d’anticoagulant circulant lupique et 6,8 % d’anticorps anticardiolipines) et 9,5 % de mutations hétérozygotes du facteur II. Les caryotypes féminin et masculin étaient pathologiques dans 2,1 % et 0 % des cas respectivement. L’échographie doppler s’est révélée anormale dans 44,7 % des cas (index de pulsatilité des artères utérines ≥ 3 et/ou notch protodiastolique) et l’hystéroscopie diagnostique dans 14,6 % des cas. Afin de cibler le véritable échec d’implantation, nous avons comparé les groupes « < 8 embryons transférés » versus « ≥ 8 embryons transférés » et « grossesse après la 3 e et/ou la 4 e tentative » versus « absence de grossesse à l’issue de la prise en charge », aucune différence statistiquement significative n’a été mise en évidence. Conclusion Le bilan diagnostique réalisé en cas d’échecs répétés de FIV retrouve des anomalies biologiques, caryotypiques et morphologiques, avec une prévalence proche de la littérature. D’autres études devront être réalisées afin d’évaluer l’impact réel de ces anomalies dans les échecs d’implantation et l’utilité d’une prise en charge thérapeutique. Objectives Investigate the proportion of abnormalities identified on the diagnostic assessment performed after at least two previous failed IVF attempts. Discuss the real benefit of this evaluation. Methods Retrospective descriptive study. Between January 2008 and January 2012, 205 couples with at least two consecutive failed IVF attempts had a diagnosis evaluation which consisted in couple's karyotypes; autoimmune and haemostasis biological check-up, pelvic ultrasound-Doppler and hysteroscopy for women. Results The main biological anomalies were autoimmune for 23.9% of women: antinuclear antibodies (5.7%), antithyroid peroxidase (11.5%) and antithyroglobulin (8.3%); thrombotic with antiphospholipid antibodies for 8.2% of women (1.4% lupus anticoagulant and 6.8% anticardiolipin antibodies), and heterozygous prothrombin gene mutation for 9.5%. Karyotypes were abnormal for 2.1% of women and 0% of men. Ultrasound-Doppler appeared to be abnormal in 44.7% of cases (pulsatility index of uterine artery ≥ 3 and/or protodiastolic notch), and diagnostic hysteroscopy was abnormal in 14.6% of cases. In order to target the real implantation failure, we compared the groups “< 8 embryos transferred” versus “≥ 8 embryos transferred” and “pregnancy after the third or fourth IVF cycle” versus “no pregnancy”, but no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion The diagnostic assessment carried out for recurrent IVF failure can detect biological, karyotypic and morphological abnormalities, in the same proportion that in previous studies. Further studies will have to be conducted to evaluate the real impact of these abnormalities in the recurrent implantation failure and the effectiveness of therapeutic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aircraft structures are commonly subjected to repeated loading cycles leading to fatigue damage. Fatigue data can be extrapolated by fatigue models which are adopted to describe the fatigue damage behaviour. Such models depend on their parameters for accurate prediction of the fatigue life. Therefore, several methods have been developed for estimating the model parameters for both linear and nonlinear systems. It is useful for a broad class of parameter identification problems when the dynamic model is not known. In this paper, the Paris law is used as fatigue-crack-length growth model on a metallic component under loading cycles. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed as estimation method. Simulated crack length data is used to validate the estimation method. Based on experimental data obtained from fatigue experiment, the crack length and model parameters are estimated. Accurate model parameters allow a more realistic prediction of the fatigue life, consequently, the remaining useful life (RUL) of component can be accurately computed. In this sense, maintenance performance could be improved.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to quantify the risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity with in vitro fertilization (IVF) technology compared to non-IVF pregnancies in a recent French national cohort., Method: The data was extracted from the hospital information data system, including all pregnancies with a delivery from 2013 to 2016. The risks of preterm birth, maternal morbidity (venous and arterial thrombosis, gestational diabetes, vascular disorders, placenta previa, placenta abruption), hypotrophy and congenital malformation were compared in both groups in univariate and multivariate analysis after adjustment on the characteristics of women (age, parity, obesity, tobacco dependence, history of diabetes or high blood pressure), multiple deliveries and sex of children., Results: In all, 2,875,662 pregnancies and 2,922,712 births were analyzed, of which 49,224 were derived from IVF (1.7%). In multivariate analysis, all risks were significantly higher in IVF: premature deliveries (OR ajusted =1.28; CI 95% =1.24-1.32), maternal morbidity (OR ajusted =1.24; CI 95% =1.21-2.28), (mainly for thrombosis venous, placenta previa and placenta abruption). The risks of hypotrophy (OR ajusted =1.13; CI 95% =1.10-1.16) and congenital malformations (OR ajusted =1.11; CI 95% =1.05-1.17) were slightly increased., Conclusion: The results of this study on a large cohort of recent births in France confirm that there was an increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidities in IVF. These risks were similar to those published in the international literature. This study is the starting point for a forthcoming surveillance., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

In vitro human embryos culture depends largely on the atmospheric conditions within the incubators of the laboratory. The pH of culture media, an indirect reflection of the CO 2 content inside these incubators, is a critical parameter. Collaboration between the biochemistry and reproductive biology departments enabled the automated measurement of the pH in the culture medium on a blood gas analyzer. This method has been validated and evaluated. It is applicable in all laboratories whatever the medium and the conditions of culture. It allows strict monitoring of this parameter for the optimization of the culture conditions necessary to improve the results of in vitro fertilization attempts.

Objectives: Investigate the proportion of abnormalities identified on the diagnostic assessment performed after at least two previous failed IVF attempts. Discuss the real benefit of this evaluation., Methods: Retrospective descriptive study. Between January 2008 and January 2012, 205 couples with at least two consecutive failed IVF attempts had a diagnosis evaluation which consisted in couple's karyotypes; autoimmune and haemostasis biological check-up, pelvic ultrasound-Doppler and hysteroscopy for women., Results: The main biological anomalies were autoimmune for 23.9% of women: antinuclear antibodies (5.7%), antithyroid peroxidase (11.5%) and antithyroglobulin (8.3%); thrombotic with antiphospholipid antibodies for 8.2% of women (1.4% lupus anticoagulant and 6.8% anticardiolipin antibodies), and heterozygous prothrombin gene mutation for 9.5%. Karyotypes were abnormal for 2.1% of women and 0% of men. Ultrasound-Doppler appeared to be abnormal in 44.7% of cases (pulsatility index of uterine artery≥3 and/or protodiastolic notch), and diagnostic hysteroscopy was abnormal in 14.6% of cases. In order to target the real implantation failure, we compared the groups "<8 embryos transferred" versus "≥8 embryos transferred" and "pregnancy after the third or fourth IVF cycle" versus "no pregnancy", but no statistically significant difference was found., Conclusion: The diagnostic assessment carried out for recurrent IVF failure can detect biological, karyotypic and morphological abnormalities, in the same proportion that in previous studies. Further studies will have to be conducted to evaluate the real impact of these abnormalities in the recurrent implantation failure and the effectiveness of therapeutic care., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The laboratory investigation of male fertility is based on semen examinations and allows assessment of all events occurring between the onset of spermatogenesis and ejaculation. The sperm count and semen cytology remain the first-line examinations, but can be completed by more specific examinations allowing assessment of spermatozoan functions involved in passage along the female genital tract and penetration of the oocyte. However, apart from azoospermia, there is no absolute criterion beyond which semen can be considered to be infertile. The results must be interpreted by taking into account all these examinations which can provide element concerning the aetiology of infertility, helping to guide subsequent treatment. When the use of various in vivo treatments has failed, patients may require medically-assisted procreation (MAP) techniques. The type of MAP chosen will depend on the characteristics of the semen and the functional capacities of the spermatozoa.

Aiming at investigation, a Beall's valve was implanted in mitral or in mitral-tricuspid positions only on 100 patients, between November 1969 and February 1972. The details of the initial valve lesions, the clinical condition of the patients, and the modalities of prosthetic replacement are described. The causes of death within the first month were analysed. None could be related with the prosthesis itself. At distance, 17 patients were lost of sight, 18 died and 51 were studied from 12-42 months after operation. It results from this investigation: -- that 84% of the patients reexamined were improved. Most of them were included in a better functional class; -- that the incidence of thrombo-embolic accidents amounted to 12% for the whole group of patients, a percentage similar to that observed with other types of prostheses; -- that in contraat, haemolysis is an obvious disadvantage of Beall's prosthesis (20 of 51 cases); -- that abnormal wears in two valves resulted in valve dysfunction compelled to re-operation. These latter two incidents have lead to abandoning this type of prosthesis.

This is the case of a woman, 49 year old, suffering from acute lymphoblastic common leukemia, who died from respiratory and cardiac insufficiency 47 days after the onset of aplasia. Autopsy revealed cardiac and cerebral dissemination of pulmonary mycosis. Absidia corymbifera (Mucoraceae, Phycomycete) was shown by culture to be the pathogen involved.