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One of the basic problems of environmental protection is the problem of municipal waste management. As the experience of the richest developed countries shows, it is possible to achieve a zero-landfill level of economy. However, such a level can only be achieved if several dozen percent of municipal waste generated is subjected to processes of energy utilisation. At the same time, at present, the EU countries are moving away from waste incineration processes towards the processes of energetic use of fuels based on them. In the first part of the article, the problem of thermal utilisation of municipal waste in Poland is highlighted. The results of analyses of selected fuel parameters of municipal waste and formed fuels have been presented. The second part of the paper outlines the issue of fuel combustion in grate furnaces. In the further part of the article the methodology and results of laboratory tests of combustion of formed fuel are presented. The research has been carried out on a test stand enabling simulation of processes occurring in furnaces with mechanical grates. Within the framework of the presented studies, the influence of total process duration and excess air ratio on the amount of CO and NOx emissions was taken into account. The paper presents both the changes in the emissions of the abovementioned gases over time and the total emissions related to the unit of the formed fuel burnt.

The article presents a parametric model describing the registered distributions spectrum of optical radiation emitted by electrical discharges generated in the systems: the needle- needle, the needleplate and in the system for surface discharges. Generation of electrical discharges and registration of the emitted radiation was carried out in three different electrical insulating oils: fabric new, operated (used) and operated with air bubbles. For registration of optical spectra in the range of ultraviolet, visible and near infrared a high resolution spectrophotometer was. The proposed mathematical model was developed in a regression procedure using gauss-sigmoid type function. The dependent variable was the intensity of the recorded optical signals. In order to estimate the optimal parameters of the model an evolutionary algorithm was used. The optimization procedure was performed in Matlab environment. For determination of the matching quality of theoretical parameters of the regression function to the empirical data determination coefficient R2 was applied.