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The larger research, of which part of the introduction is presented here, analyzes a series of European travelers' accounts taken from European sources and later published in the newspaper El Araucano between 1835 and 1846, in an exercise characterized here as part of the formation of a rational and literate public sphere with elitist overtones, directly linking the issue of nation-building with postcolonial concerns. It is proposed that the connection between travel accounts and the press can be understood as a mediation process, in which a series of values are circulated that would later become part of what would properly be the journalistic field.

Green roofs and facades are a nature-based way to improve the climate of buildings. However, they also add additional maintenance effort for keeping the plants healthy. We propose a novel automated digital twin approach to monitor the health of the plants using a combination of drones with Foundation Models to monitor and analyze the health of the plants. The process consists of three main components, a drone system for recording real-time data in an automated manner for different heights, a digital twin for storing and controlling the data, and a Multi-modal Foundation model (MMFM) for diagnosis of health issues and generating recommendations for solving the issues. This allows us to automatically identify and mitigate health issues of the plants and improve the maintenance of the miniature ecosystems of green roofs and facades to address climate change risk and the shortage of skilled workers.

Background: Palliative care is an essential element of universal healthcare, yet not all people who need palliative care are able to receive it. One of the barriers to ensuring access for people who require palliative care is the identification of those eligible. Aim: This study evaluated healthcare workers’ ability to identify patients who are eligible for palliative care based on their training or experience in palliative care. Setting: The setting for the study comprised the Heideveld Emergency Centre and Heideveld Community Day Centre in the Cape Metro, Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: This study made use of a cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers. Results: Of the 55 participants in this study, most were able to correctly identify patients with cancer and chronic kidney disease as needing palliative care, but less accurate with other organ failure categories, trauma indications, or functional assessment of the patient. Participants who reported previous awareness training reported improved knowledge on the indications for a palliative care approach compared to no prior training. Conclusion: Our cohort was too small to analyse the results statistically. From what was analysed, the ability of healthcare workers to identify a person in need of palliative care could be better; more work is needed on our awareness training and basic training courses to improve this vital step. Contribution: This research highlights the fact that existing training for palliative care needs to be more applicable to the setting and that training of staff with existing courses does make a difference in knowledge.

For any ring we propose the construction of a cover which increases the finitistic dimension on one side and decreases the finitistic dimension to zero on the opposite side. This complements recent work of Cummings.

Heine was not only recognised as a German poet but also as a French author. This is already documented by Sainte-Beuve’s reviews of the 1830s, which are examined and contextualised more closely in this article. The focus is on the linguistic and stylistic observations made by Sainte-Beuve and the enormous impact of his famous literary reviews. This paper thus sheds light on Heine’s literary naturalisation by Sainte-Beuve but also on the limitations of his method.

The British geographer Halford J. Mackinder developed two different concepts of a dystopian new global order. The first, developed in 1904 and known as the pivot area concept, was adopted by German geopolitician Karl Haushofer in the 1920s. The second, developed in 1919, was named the heartland theory and was adopted in Great Britain and the USA. Haushofer reversed the dystopian vision of the pivot area concept into a utopian concept for German world power. Due to Haushofer's adaptation, interest in Mackinder's theories rose in the USA in the 1940s. Within the process of adaptation in the USA, both concepts were intertwined, resulting in the perception of the two as a monolithic bloc. Through this multi-layered process of intercontinental reception and adaptation in Germany and the USA, the term “heartland” became a generic spatial denomination detached from the geographical region it originally prescribed, integrable with various geopolitical concepts as the centre of an imagined world order. The reduction of complexity of the theory through the translation of text into maps led to its popularization among the US public during the 1940s and 1950s. Mackinder himself laid out the flexibility of the theory's interpretive possibilities by reflexively revising the theory and adapting it to the history of events over the course of the first half of the 20th century itself. In consequence, the generic spatial denomination “heartland” and the associated adopted theory served as a geopolitical argument for the strategic narrative legitimizing US foreign policy in World War II and during the Cold War.

Se introduce la teoría de quasets QST en la base formal de las Nmatrices. El objetivo es construir un sistema Nmatricial reemplazando en su formulación todos los conjuntos estándar por quasets. De esta manera, debido a que QST es una extensión conservativa de ZFA (la teoría con átomos), pueden obtenerse Nmatrices generalizadas (Q-Nmatrices). Se presentan diferentes posibles compleciones de la axiomática de QST, ya que la formulación original no cuenta con algunos axiomas necesarios para el objetivo de este trabajo. Una de las consecuencias más atractivas de la axiomática extendida es la existencia de quasets complementarios que admiten elementos comunes con pertenencia indeterminada. Estos elementos pueden interpretarse como sistemas cuánticos en superposición de estados, o en el caso de quasets de valores de verdad, como elementos que no son ni designados ni no designados. Presentamos también un vínculo directo entre QST y la teoría de Rough Sets RST, que garantiza la existencia de modelos constituidos por rough sets para QST. Algunas consecuencias de nuestro formalismo son analizadas para las relaciones de consecuencia lógica fundadas en la nueva semántica.

Das translatorische Handeln literarischer Übersetzer rückt immer mehr in den Vordergrund moderner translationswissenschaftlicher Studien. Am Beispiel des Übersetzers Curt Meyer-Clason, der insgesamt über 150 Romane und unzählige Gedichte aus dem Englischen, Französischen, Portugiesischen und Spanischen übersetzte und als einer der größten Kulturvermittler Lateinamerikas des 20. Jahrhunderts gilt, soll eine mögliche Vorgehensweise zur Rekonstruktion seiner (impliziten) Übersetzungstheorie vorgestellt werden. Für diesen Zweck werden die Peritexte und Fachzeitschriftenbeiträge des Übersetzers ausgewertet. Die theoretischen Äußerungen zum Thema Übersetzen sollen anderen Übersetzungstheoretikern gegenübergestellt werden, um Meyer-Clason bestimmten Übersetzungsparadigmen zuordnen zu können. In der Übersetzungskritik wird auf einige Übersetzungsstrategien des Übersetzers eingegangen, um zu überprüfen, ob Diskrepanzen zwischen den theoretischen Ansprüchen und dem praktischen Übersetzen festzustellen sind. Für eine gerechte, akteursorientierte Übersetzungskritik spielt – neben den theoretischen Ansprüchen des Translators – auch seine Topobiografie und die damit einhergehende Individualität des Übersetzers eine wichtige Rolle. Am Beispiel Curt Meyer-Clasons soll exemplarisch dargestellt werden, wie bedeutend der biobibliografische Hintergrund für die Übersetzer- und Übersetzungsforschung ist.

This paper presents different realities concerning the practices of teaching English to children up to 6 years old, with examples from different parts of South America, Brazil and its states. It is originally part of a master’s degree dissertation interested in the scenario of Guarapuava, a city from south Brazil, which explains the presented data tending to this region. This is a bibliographical review, developed based on previously elaborated materials, with the purpose of understanding the theme from different perspectives. It is understood that, by having common characteristics, the countries (also states and cities) involved in the study can structure themselves as a support network, sharing their achievements and failures. Because of the scarcity of the offer and studies about this topic, it has sometimes become necessary to address language teaching for older children. The knowledge gap reinforces the need to discuss the topic and the bias of the results, which point to the private education network as the main scenario for this practice, bringing to light the relevance of the implementation of public policies for the democratization of access.

This article examines the photographs of artist Jimmy DeSana, who documented New York subcultures in the 1970s and experimented with materials and color in the 1980s. DeSana’s photographic interest in fetish cultures will be contextualized in the philosophical discourse of the 1970s, in which transgressive sexual practices were used to reveal and subvert power structures. To this end, I will locate the visual politics of the photographs in their publishing contexts: the magazine Semiotext(e), edited by philosopher Sylvère Lotringer, and FILE Megazine, edited by the artist group General Idea. Both magazines queered with their visual politics the strategies that determined the representation of subjects. I argue that DeSana’s material stagings and photographic processes intertwine bodies, their surfaces, and the surrounding space in order to reflect on image rhetorics and subject formations of mass media and create an alternative in which to image other ways of being and relating.

Background: Basic palliative care teaching should be included in training curricula for health care providers (HCPs) at all levels of the health service to ensure that the goal set by the South African (SA) National Policy Framework and Strategy for Palliative Care, to have an adequate number of appropriately trained HCPs in South Africa, is achieved. Furthermore, palliative learning objectives for nurses and doctors should be standardised. Many SA medical schools have integrated elements of Palliative Medicine (PM) teaching into undergraduate medical training programmes for doctors; however, the degree of integration varies widely, and consensus and standardisation of the content, structure and delivery of such PM training programmes are not yet a reality. Aim: This joint position paper aims to describe the current state of undergraduate medical PM teaching in South Africa and define the PM competencies required for an SA generalist doctor. Setting: Palliative Medicine programme leads and teachers from eight medical schools in South Africa. Methods: A survey exploring the structure, organisation and content of the respective medical undergraduate PM programmes was distributed to PM programme leads and teachers. Results: Responses were received from seven medical schools. Through a process of iterative review, competencies were defined and further grouped according to suitability for the pre-clinical and clinical components of the curriculum. Conclusion: Through mapping out these competencies in a spiralled medical curriculum, the authors hope to provide guidance to medical curriculum designers to effectively integrate PM teaching and learning into current curricula in line with the goals of the SA National Policy Framework and Strategy on Palliative Care (NPFSPC).

Given a tilting object of the derived category of an abelian category of finite global dimension, we give (under suitable finiteness conditions) a bound for the global dimension of its endomorphism ring.

In this article, I examine the contradictions and tensions in Colombia's simultaneous embrace of REDD+ and a peace-building process premised on continued extractivism. Colombia is emerging from an internal conflict that lasted more than 50 years. In this process rural land-use is being transformed, generating new conflicts over land use and control with detrimental effects on Colombia's forests. Based on official documents, reports, existing scholarly work, interviews and observations collected during fieldwork in the Colombian Amazon, I analyze the ways in which peace-building and post-conflict transition have precipitated factors which have aggravated land conflicts and led to the escalation of deforestation in Colombia. I argue that Colombia's current REDD+ efforts mainly serve to attract international funding and legitimize the status quo since they remain disconnected from the structural processes that directly and indirectly drive deforestation. As such, REDD+ in Colombia contributes to a contradictory neoliberal approach to development, which promises to safeguard the environment, while supporting large-scale extractive industries, mining, cattle ranching and intensive agriculture, resulting in the increase in deforestation and forest degradation. Key Words: Colombia, post-conflict, peace-building, extractivism, deforestation, REDD+

The use of models of scientific theories should not be done without qualifications about the mathematics being used to build the models. This looks obvious, at least for logicians, but generally, it is not to the philosopher of science. Thus, some details about this point seem useful for both. Since any quick revision in the literature shows that in most cases, mainly after the raising of the semantic approach (to scientific theories), the models are taken to be set-theoretical structures, in discussing the issue we shall be concerned more with set theories, the locus where the play is usually developed (yet sometimes unconsciously).

Resenha de: REGINALDO, Lucilene; e FERREIRA, Roquinaldo (orgs.). África, margens e oceanos: perspectivas de história social. Campinas: Ed. Unicamp, 2021. 560 p.

Background: The South African National Policy Framework and Strategy on Palliative Care (NPFSPC) recommends that when integrating palliative care (PC) into the health system, a PC indicators tool should be used to guide clinicians to recognise a patient who should receive PC. The policy document recommends ‘a simple screening tool developed for use in South Africa that would assist healthcare professionals (HCPs) to recognise patients who may have unmet palliative care needs’. Aim: This research study sought to develop South African consensus on indicators for PC to assist clinicians to recognise a patient in need of PC. Setting: The South African healthcare setting. Methods: A Delphi study was considered suitable as a methodology to develop consensus. The methodology was based on the Conducting and REporting of DElphi studies (CREDES) guidance on Delphi studies to ensure rigour and transparency in conducting and reporting. Six different Delphi rounds were used to develop consensus. Each round allowed participants to anonymously rate statements with predefined rating scales. Results: Cognisant of the disparities in healthcare provision and access to equitable healthcare in South Africa, the expert advisory group recommended, especially for South Africa, that ‘this tool is for deteriorating patients with an advanced life-limiting illness where all available and appropriate management for underlying illnesses and reversible complications has been offered’. The expert advisory group felt that disease-specific indicators should be described before the general indicators in the South African indicators tool, so all users of the tool orientate themselves to the disease categories first. This study included three new domains to address the South African context: trauma, infectious diseases and haematological diseases. General indicators for PC aligned with the original Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT) tool. Conclusion: The Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool for South Africa (SPICTTM-SA) is a simple screening tool for South Africa that may assist HCPs to recognise patients who may have unmet PC needs.

The spread of the SARS Cov2 virus in Europe clearly reveals the need of new ventilation concepts. Schools are considered to be one of the main origins of the spread. Therefore, ways to reduce the possibility of indirect infection in everyday school life are investigated. In this paper, the results of field studies are presented. In the course of these studies, different modes of action (filtration, UV-C, photo-catalysis) and room flow concepts (mixed ventilation, displacement ventilation) were considered. The evaluations of the measurements show how the devices influence the sensations of the students (sound pressure level, draught risk, etc.). Furthermore, it shows how the exhaust air capture works and how the room flow is affected. Therefore, ways to reduce the possibility of indirect infection in everyday school life are sought here.

The pandemic spread of the SARS-CoV2 viruses is leading to the use of new ventilation concepts in Europe. One of these options is the usage of Mobile Air Cleaning Devices. These are used as an alternative to central HVAC-systems (Heating-, Ventilation- and Air Conditioning-systems) and reduce the load of pathogens in the room. However, there are still no consistent methods for evaluating the performances of such devices. Thatswhy the effect on the pathogens, the benefit to the room, and the influence thereof on the room occupants are nearly unknown.This paper presents the measurements and results of different devices in the range of 500 m³/h to 1500 m³/h and beyond. Attention is given to the applied methods to define the different characteristics. Specifically, the parameters of volumetric flow rate, electrical power consumption, sound power, separation efficiency, effect on pathogens, room air flow, draught risk, and effects in the room show the need for development.

La base de données Conbavil, qui contient les archives du Conseil des bâtiments civils de 1795 à 1840, invite à de nouvelles formes d’études de l’architecture publique en France. À partir de ces données, l’autrice crée un dispositif visuel et interactif faisant usage de la cartographie et de la visualisation. L’atlas numérique qui en résulte promeut de nouvelles formes de production du savoir, basées sur des méthodes numériques et des approches interdisciplinaires.

Este artigo apresenta um recorte da pesquisa desenvolvida no curso de Licenciatura em Ciências da Natureza, da Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) – Campus Dom Pedrito. Objetivou verificar as relações entre o contexto sócio-político-econômico e cultural do campo com os conteúdos de Ciências apresentados nos cadernos dos alunos dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola do campo, municipal e nucleada de Dom Pedrito. A pesquisa caracterizou-se metodologicamente como uma pesquisa qualitativa, explicativa e documental, aliados a três concepções teóricas: Ensino de Ciências, Educação do Campo e formas de articulação com o meio. Constatou-se que os conteúdos de Ciências são trabalhados de forma mecânica, seguindo a sequência definida no livro didático e não se evidenciou nenhuma relação entre os conteúdos de Ciências e o contexto local, mesmo com possibilidades evidentes, tais como o Bioma Pampa, plantas da região: Guatambu, Araucária, Eucalipto, Aroeira, e animais típicos da região da Campanha do Rio Grande do Sul.

Este artigo analisa a obra de Raul Pederneiras, Nós pelas costas: notas soltas de um caderno de viagens, objetivando demonstrar como o seu autor, figura célebre do Rio de Janeiro no início do século XX, quase chegando aos cinquenta anos de idade e em meio à crise da belle époque carioca, ressignificou o seu Rio de Janeiro, através da sua viagem à Europa entre os anos de 1927 e 1928, utilizando para tal a ótica do humor. Partimos da hipótese de que Raul Pederneiras não foi somente fazer uma viagem como observador da sociedade e das cidades europeias, mas também foi procurar nas suas capitais, notadamente Paris e Roma, explicações para as transformações políticas e intelectuais da década de 1920, como as diversas alternativas de modernidade, a crise da política da Primeira República brasileira e a ascensão dos regimes autoritários na Europa. Nesse caso, consideramos que a viagem de Raul Pederneiras foi uma experiência política na urbe, apresentada ao público através de um exercício da escrita de si. Palavras-chave: Rio de Janeiro – História; PEDERNEIRAS, Raul Paranhos - 1874-1953 – Autobiografia; Humor, Narrativas.

In this article we analyze the role of trust in the construction of social reality, arguing that it constitutes one of its essential components; namely, one that allows the creation, maintenance and collective recognition of institutions as well as their iteration and organization in subsystems.

Mining is known to cause high ecological and social impacts especially due to its extractive nature on one hand and its resources and reserves mostly being located in developing or emerging economies on the other hand. Thus, it can be considered to have a paramount role in terms of making a significant contribution to sustainable development. Bearing in mind the growing economic output generated by humans and the growing world population, it is no wonder that related human-driven activities have never had such a strong (and at the same time burdening) influence on the biosphere resulting in exceedance of the planetary system boundaries. The critical reflection of the interaction between material cycles and economic growth is essential for reducing environmental burdens resulting from unthinking consumption patterns and production, and initial material extraction. The latest findings in academia confirm this assumption and point out that most practitioners are already aware of the urgent need for a redefinition of the sector’s understanding of success, taking into account the needs of both shareholders and stakeholders. Furthermore, the extractive sector has gained an image of being outdated. Agrowing number of decision-makers sees the necessity for a sustainable approach to business models that also embraces digitalization. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the standard business model that still dominates the mining industry, followed by a comparison of recent scientific findings on sustainability-oriented business model innovation and values-based innovation management to derive recommendations for potential sector-specific business model archetypes that contribute to the urgent redefinition.

This work is the result of a research developed in the Specialization in Educational Practices at the Federal University of Pampa - Campus Dom Pedrito. Its purpose was to analyze the conception of the students of a rural school in relation to the technology, as well as to verify questions related to the access and the use. It is a qualitative and explicative field research, developed with 23 students from 7th and 8th years of a nucleated public school, located in a municipality of Rio Grande do Sul. The investigative instruments were: questionnaire and drawings. By the analysis of the questionnaires it was verified that the most used technologies are: radio, television and cellular phone. Most of the students have access to the internet through the cell phone, using it to access social networks. Based on the drawings, it was verified that the technology for the referred students, relates to equipments that facilitate the daily life, such as: tractors, pulverizadores and machinery of irrigation. It is concluded that technology should be one of the discussions of the political pedagogical project of each school, involving all the authors and based on the conception of education of the countryside as social practice.

Basierend auf einer landesweiten Befragung werden die sozialen Arbeitsbedingungen von Schweizer Lehrpersonen sowie potentielle Unterschiede hinsichtlich Demographie (Geschlecht, Berufserfahrung und Sprachregion) und Schulgrösse betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Schweizer Lehrpersonen ihre sozialen Arbeitsbedingungen im Vergleich zu einer Referenzstichprobe aus Baden-Württemberg (Bundesland in Deutschland) mehrheitlich positiv bewerten. Hinsichtlich der Sprachregion zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse werden mit Blick auf die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Schweizer Lehrpersonen diskutiert.

In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob und inwieweit sich das Ausmass der negativen Beanspruchung bei Lehrpersonen in der Schweiz der 5. – 9. Schulstufe (7. – 11. HarmoS) in den letzten zehn Jahren verändert hat. Auf der Grundlage einer nationalen sequentiellen Querschnittsanalyse können erstmals Aussagen zu Trends zwischen 2006 und 2014 gemacht werden: Das Ausmass der negativen Beanspruchung bleibt bei regionalen Unterschieden insgesamt relativ stabil und die Lehrkräfte sind trotz anhaltend hohen Anforderungen mit ihrem Beruf zufrieden. Die Befunde werden vor dem Hintergrund der national bedeutsamen Bildungsreformen in diesem Zeitraum diskutiert.

Este estudo busca avaliar quais os fatores relacionados à gastronomia que influenciam o turista a escolher um determinado destino turístico. Busca-se, também, identificar como a gastronomia é vista em relação à cultura da localidade: o turista vê na gastronomia uma forma de conhecer a cultura local? Esse fato é significativo na escolha de uma destinação? As respostas foram obtidas através de uma metodologia hipotético-dedutiva aliada à estatística descritiva, com a aplicação de um instrumento de pesquisa resultando em 400 entrevistas estruturadas e questionários válidos para cada ano. A pesquisa cobriu os verões de 2006 e 2011 no município de Balneário Camboriú, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Como principal resultado foi criado um agrupamento de turistas por características relacionadas aos aspectos da alimentação, que permitiu a elaboração dos conceitos Cliente Gourmet , Cliente Apreciador e Cliente Alimentação, cada um desses com uma percepção específica sobre a importância da gastronomia e da cultura para o turismo.