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Raymond et al. (1992) introduced the term “attentional blink” to characterize the impairment in post-target processing that occurs during the presentation of a second stimulus closely after a first. This study aimed to replicate the original methodology of the second experiment by Raymond et al. (1992) while increasing the sample size and investigating the impact of physical activity on selective attention. A sample of participants (n = 132) aged 18-70 years old (M = 31.91, SD = 17.25) were recruited to complete the study. Participants underwent a rapid serial visual presentation task in which they were asked to complete an experimental and a control condition. In the experimental condition, they were asked to identify a white letter (target) presented in a succession of black letters and determine if the letter “X” (probe) was present at any point. In the control condition, they were asked to ignore the white letter (target) and determine whether the letter “X” (probe) was present. Each condition included 180 trials of which 90 included the probe located in the positions 0-8 following the target and never before the target. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire -- Short Form was used to determine physical activity levels. Consistent with Raymond et al.'s (1992) findings, there was a significant attentional blink effect. However, no significance was found in the role of physical activity levels on the attentional blink. Future studies should explore the potential effect of demographic variables, such as age and gender, as well as mental health (e.g., ADHD and dyslexia) to provide understanding as to the impact of different cognitive abilities on the attentional blink.

In the midst of grim narratives about climate change and dreadful climate projections, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts invited municipalities across the State as well as their residents to participate in the Municipal Vulnerability Preparedness (MVP) program whose goal is to plan for adaptation to climate change and enhanced resilience. Seven years after the launch of the MVP program, this work asked if the program succeeded in fostering “hope,” understood as the capacity to envision “the possibility for a favorable future” while planning for adaptation to climate change and resilience. To do so, we analyzed 334 planning reports and 233 action grants produced by municipalities throughout the Commonwealth. This research contributes to the literature on adaptation and resilience policies by providing the first comprehensive, aggregated case-study analysis of state-wide planning and action. As such, it highlights the value, limits, and room for improvement of such state-sponsored programs.This work shows that in many ways the MVP program is a success because it spread through the state, received very significant buy-in from municipalities, and placed adaptation to climate change and resilience at the heart of municipal action. Even though the MVP program has not yet fully transformed municipalities and readied them for climate change, it has reframed narratives around climate change and urban planning in Massachusetts and beyond. Whereas in many parts of Massachusetts municipalities had experienced a slow decline and abandonment by the state for decades, the MVP provided a new meaning to journey into an uncertain future characterized by climate change. It gave municipalities and residents a space as well as a reason to hope.

Research Framework: Scientific literature shows that farmers are particularly at risk of experiencing mental health problems. However, many farmers mention that their role as fathers is directly related to their state of health. To date, no study has examined the experience of paternal commitment in this population group.Objectives: This article aims to describe the paternal commitment of Abitibi, as they perceived it.Methodology: Descriptive phenomenological research was carried out with 14 farmers. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, and a descriptive phenomenological analysis was used to interpret the results.Results: The farmers’ comments show that being actively present with their children is the essence of fatherhood, leading them to become involved as fathers in order to meet the physiological and emotional needs of their children, mentor them and ensure their education.Conclusions: This study shows the work/family balance issues specific to farmers. However, further studies are needed to better understand the impact of these issues on the well-being of farmers and their families.Contribution: This research shows that more support is needed for agricultural families, particularly by establishing resources to enable farmers to benefit from paternity leave, to have more time available to spend with their family, and to be able to bring their children to work safely.

Plankton, especially phytoplankton, serves as the essential building block of the marine food chain. As a result, the presence of plankton in a body of water is frequently utilized as a measure of water quality and primary productivity. This study aims to determine plankton's spatial patterns in Northern Aceh's waters as a bioindicator of water quality. The spatial distribution of plankton was analyzed through water sampling at several points in the sea in the Northern Waters of Aceh (NWA). Plankton analysis included abundance, diversity, and community composition. Concurrently, an analysis of environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen, was conducted. Information on plankton abundance and environmental parameters was then linked to identify their spatial relationships. Furthermore, to understand the spatial distribution of plankton, plankton abundance was correlated with spectral bands from satellite imagery. The study results indicate spatial variation in plankton abundance in NWA due to the physicochemical parameters of the seawater. Analysis reveals that Cyanobacteria, Bacillariophyta (diatoms), Chlorophyta, Arthropoda, and Rotifera are present in NWA, with Bacillariophyta being the most dominant. The dominance of Bacillariophyta (diatoms) over Cyanobacteria, combined with the absence of Pseudo-nitzschia spp., highlights the good ecological health and fertility of NWA.

The aging of North African migrants has spurred a renewal of scholarly interest in their residential practices. Many of them have chosen to share their existence between their housing in France and the one they acquired in Morocco. Retirement appears more like the age of back-and-forth movements rather than the one of return. Studying the interior design of their home, this paper questions the idea that migrants overinvest in their homeland housing in order to appear as a member of the local elite and hide the stigma of their working-class condition. What stands out of the field study is rather the will to build a residential continuum through the mise en resonance (i.e. the building of a space through interconnected objects) of interior designs. Migrants display the will to build a space for family intimacy beyond legal and cultural discontinuities.

Mountaineering is a sport highly dependent on the conditions of the physical environments in which it takes place. As a result, mountaineers have to deal with major glacial and periglacial hazards, such as those affecting the two main routes used to climb Mont Blanc (4808 m a.s.l.; Western European Alps): rockfalls in the Grand Couloir du Goûter on the Voie Royale and serac falls on the NNW slope of Mont Blanc du Tacul on the Trois Monts route. Hazards in these two sectors and the number of climbers were measured using a multi-sensor system and automatic photographic acquisition, respectively. On the first site, which has a very high accident rate with an average of 3.7 deaths per year, 17,768 passages were recorded during the summer of 2019 and 2,648 seismic signals were classified as rockfalls affecting the Grand Couloir. The average risk of death associated with these rockfalls, the frequency of which depends on temperatures and the presence of liquid water in the ground, is estimated at 1.7 × 10-4. At Tacul, where an average of 0.6 deaths occur each year, 6,770 passages were recorded during the summer of 2017, as well as 31 serac falls unrelated to temperatures. The risk of death is 8.3 × 10-5. The risk is also quantified for each track made on the glacier. The results obtained makes it possible to specify the risks experienced by climbers and to promote risk reduction strategies.

L’alpinisme est une pratique sportive qui dépend fortement des conditions des milieux physiques dans lesquels elle se développe. Les alpinistes doivent ainsi faire face à des aléas glaciaires et périglaciaires importants, tels que ceux qui affectent les deux principaux itinéraires d’ascension du mont Blanc (4808 m ; Alpes européennes occidentales) : les chutes de pierres dans le Grand Couloir de l’aiguille du Goûter sur la Voie Royale et les chutes de séracs sur le versant NNO du mont Blanc du Tacul sur l’itinéraire des Trois Monts. Les aléas dans ces deux secteurs ainsi que la fréquentation ont été mesurés grâce à un dispositif multicapteurs et à des acquisitions photographiques automatiques, respectivement. Sur le premier site, où l'on déplore une très forte accidentalité avec en moyenne 3,7 décès par an, 17 768 passages ont été comptabilisés au cours de l’été 2019 et 2 648 signaux sismiques ont été classés comme des chutes de pierres ayant affecté le Grand Couloir. Le risque de décès associé à ces chutes de pierres, dont la fréquence est dépendante des températures et de la présence d’eau liquide dans le terrain, serait de 1,7 × 10-4. Au Tacul, où en moyenne 0,6 décès se produit chaque année, 6 770 passages ont été relevés au cours de l’été 2017, ainsi que 31 chutes de séracs sans lien avec les températures. Le risque de décès y est de 8,3 × 10-5. L'aléa est également quantifié pour chacune des traces faites sur le versant glaciaire. Les résultats obtenus permettent de préciser les risques encourus par les alpinistes et de favoriser des stratégies de réduction des risques.

L’intestin est un organe complexe aux fonctions multiples. En effet, il participe à la digestion et l'absorption des nutriments et protège l’individu des agressions par des agents pathogènes intestinaux en assurant un rôle de barrière. L’étude de ce compartiment digestif reste toutefois limitée par l’accès aux tissus que ce soit chez l’Homme ou l’animal. Dans ce contexte, le développement d’organoïdes intestinaux à partir de cellules souches représente une avancée technologique importante dans l’étude de la physiopathologie intestinale. De plus, cet outil permet de répondre à une demande sociétale visant à réduire l’usage d’animaux modèles pour la recherche et s’inscrit dans la démarche des 3Rs (Remplacement, Réduction et Raffinement).L’objectif de cette revue est, à partir de rappels de la fonction digestive, de faire un état des lieux sur les différents types d’organoïdes intestinaux existants dérivés d’animaux de rente et de discuter leurs avantages, leurs limites et surtout leur application.

For five years, several reports and testimonies from former foster children have alerted the public authorities to the violence children and young people may face in child protection institutions. However, their voices hardly get themselves heard. Based on a survey using questionnaires and interviews (the Longitudinal Survey on the leaving care of Young People from the Child, ELAP), this article analyses the continuum of violent situations – both before and during placement – that the young people we interviewed experienced. We will see that, in some cases, residential care and foster families are participating in producing or prolonging the violence that they should be ending.

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