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Abstract Background Heterosis is routinely exploited to improve animal performance. However, heterosis and its underlying molecular mechanism for feed intake and efficiency have been rarely explored in chickens. Feed efficiency continues to be an important breeding goal trait since feed accounts for 60 to 70% of the total production costs in poultry. Here, we profiled the mRNA-lncRNA landscape of 96 samples of the hypothalamus, liver and duodenum mucosa from White Leghorn (WL), Beijing-You chicken (YY), and their reciprocal crosses (WY and YW) to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of heterosis. Results We observed negative heterosis for both feed intake and residual feed intake (RFI) in YW during the laying period from 43 to 46 weeks of age. Analysis of the global expression pattern showed that non-additivity was a major component of the inheritance of gene expression in the three tissues for YW but not for WY. The YW-specific non-additively expressed genes (YWG) and lncRNA (YWL) dominated the total number of non-additively expressed genes and lncRNA in the hypothalamus and duodenum mucosa. Enrichment analysis of YWG showed that mitochondria components and oxidation phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathways were shared among the three tissues. The OXPHOS pathway was enriched by target genes for YWL with non-additive inheritance of expression in the liver and duodenum mucosa. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed divergent co-expression modules associated with feed intake and RFI in the three tissues from WL, YW, and YY. Among the negatively related modules, the OXPHOS pathway was enriched by hub genes in the three tissues, which supports the critical role of oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, protein quantification of ATP5I was highly consistent with ATP5I expression in the liver, which suggests that, in crossbred YW, non-additive gene expression is down-regulated and decreases ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in negative heterosis for feed intake and efficiency. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that non-additively expressed genes and lncRNA involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the hypothalamus, liver, and duodenum mucosa are key regulators of the negative heterosis for feed intake and RFI in layer chickens. These findings should facilitate the rational choice of suitable parents for producing crossbred chickens.

With the continuous development of modern network technology, sensor technology and wireless communication technologies, the emergence and development of wireless sensor networks has been promoted. Among many wireless communication technologies, wireless communication technology featuring low power consumption, close proximity and low cost for ZigBee has attracted the research interest of researchers. Based on the current status of communication systems, based on the review and system analysis of wireless sensor networks, this paper proposes a ZigBee-based wireless sensor network data acquisition system, which avoids the reliability and installation of traditional wired sensor network data acquisition systems and shortcomings such as high maintenance costs and large wiring.

Most equipments for film material preparation are more expensive, so it is necessary to design some low cost, practical instrument or devices. This work gives three kinds of devices for preparing film matreials. One is the experimental apparatus for reducing and vulcanization, the others are a vulcanization and exhaust gas treatment apparatus, and an experimental apparatus for sulfur deposition film. The details for their principles and structures are reported.

Credit card fraud leads to billions of losses in online transaction. Many corporations like Alibaba, Amazon and Paypal invest billions of dollars to build a safe transaction system. There are some studies in this area having tried to use machine learning or data mining to solve these problems. This paper proposed our fraud detection system for e- commerce merchant. Unlike many other works, this system combines manual and automatic classifications. This paper can inspire researchers and engineers to design and deploy online transaction systems.