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Groundwater flow into the mine by coal mining, which threatens the safety of coal mine. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the source of the water flowing into the coal mine. Taking binhuang mining area in Shaanxi Province as the research background, the discrimination models of six water inrush sources had been studied. The composition of 256 water samples was determined and the water quality characteristics of 6 water sources were analyzed. Fisher linear discriminant function model was established by selecting 9 indexes of water quality components. By testing the discriminant effect, it is considered that the probability of K1L aquifer misjudging as Q aquifer and surface water is high, and the misjudgment rate is 30.4%. Combined with the analysis of geological conditions, it is considered that K1L aquifer has a good hydraulic connection with Q aquifer and surface water. Aiming at the problem of misjudgment, the neural network analysis model is used, and the misjudgment rate is reduced to 0%.