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This study aims to determine the construct validity of the instrument used in the application of Blended Learning. Respondents were randomly selected 60 students from the Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Makassar State University, 60 students from the Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Patompo University, and 60 students from the Department of Primary Teacher Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Megarezky University. Construct validity was tested by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through the AMOS 22.0 application. The analysis findings reveal that the indicators employed in developing the Instrument for Blended Learning Model Application encompass the constructs of Orientation, Organization, Investigation, Presentation, Analysis, and Evaluation. These constructs meet the criteria of Construct Reliability, Variance Extracted, and Discriminant Validity. Consequently, the instrument proves suitable for implementation in research examining the application of the Blended Learning Model.

Climate change is one of the trending topics to be discussed at both the practical and political levels. Climate change has a significant effect on rice plants because rice cultivation is dependent on climate elements, especially rainfall, and temperature, the phenomenon of climate change has triggered an increase in the intensity of extreme events such as floods and droughts, causing crop failure, crop failure and even cause puso. Pinrang Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia that feels the impact of climate change on the agricultural sector. The research aims to develop appropriate adaptation strategies to climate change for rice crop management. The technique of collecting data is through in-depth interviews with respondents, namely rice farmers in Pinrang Regency using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis uses SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats), by determining internal factors and external factors and formulating climate change adaptation strategies for rice crop management in Pinrang Regency using an analytical tool, namely the SWOT matrix. The results showed that the strategies that could be implemented for the management of rice plants in Pinrang Regency were cultivating farmers by applying irrigation technology, developing water management technology, optimizing the performance of farmer groups, providing intensive climate information, and cultivating environmentally friendly technologies.

Growth of economy and population density, open space is being converted to roads or other infrastructures such as buildings or parking lots reducing green space. This paper demonstrates a new type of green pavement designed to replace flexible and rigid pavements which are water impermeable and have a short design life. This type of green pavement helps reduce runoff problems in urban areas. StormPav GP is an innovative Industrialised Building System (IBS) Green Pavement which has been shown to have structural, environmental and economic advantages. However, its susceptibility to distress has yet to be analyzed. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the mechanistic properties and evaluating distress of StormPav GP as compared to flexible and rigid pavements. WinJULEA, KenPave and Circly 6.0 were used for this analysis which also investigated the effects of different tire pressures on deflections. StormPav GP was found to have lower deflection due to a tandem axle dual wheel load on any pavement surface and provided a more uniform settlement with higher elastic modulus and shear modulus than flexible and rigid pavement.

Background: There are many factors that influence access to public health services, such as the context people live in, the existing health services, and personal, cultural and community factors. People with disabilities (activity limitations), through their experience of health services, may offer a particular understanding of the performance of the health services, thus exposing health system limitations more clearly than perhaps any other health service user. Aim: This article explores how activity limitations interact with factors related to context, systems, community and personal factors in accessing public health care services in South Africa. Setting: We present four case studies of people with disabilities from four low-resource diverse contexts in South Africa (rural, semi-rural, farming community and peri-urban) to highlight challenges of access to health services experienced by people with activity limitations in a variety of contexts. Methods: One case study of a person with disabilities was chosen from each study setting to build evidence using an intensive qualitative case study methodology to elucidate individual and household experiences of challenges experienced by people with activity limitations when attempting to access public health services. In-depth interviews were used to collect data, using an interview guide. The analysis was conducted in the form of a thematic analysis using the interview topics as a starting point. Results: First, these four case studies demonstrate that equitable access to health services for people with activity limitations is influenced by a complex interplay of a variety of factors for a single individual in a particular context. Secondly, that while problems with access to public health services are experienced by everyone, people with activity limitations are affected in particular ways making them particularly vulnerable in using public health services. Conclusion: The revitalisation of primary health care and the introduction of national health insurance by the Health Department of South Africa open a window of opportunity for policy makers and policy implementers to revisit and address the areas of access to public health services for people with activity limitations.

This paper investigates an effective and economical way for laboratory scale production of micro fine sized palm oil fuel ash (POFA) using an electric powder grinder. The raw POFA obtained from the palm oil mill is initially grinded by using Los Angeles abrasion machine, and then sieved using 150 μm sieve before it is burned in a furnace at 500°C. The burned POFA is then grinded using electric powder grinder to obtain the targeted micro fine sized. The physical, morphological and chemical properties of the micro fine sized POFA produced are analysed in the form of cement paste using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), nitrogen sorption by using BET method, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that 96% micro fine sized POFA is produced when using the optimum grinding process. The microstructural analyses of cement paste with 20% micro fine sized POFA replacement give the optimum results that contribute to higher compressive strength. The overall results of this research show that the optimum grinding process by using electric powder grinder is relevant and can be used as pioneering work in the concrete production industry.

Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) is a pozzolanic material that has great potential in concrete production. POFA sizes range from 1 to 10 μm is preferable. Thus, there is a need for efficient method to separate the POFA according to the sizes needed. This study explores the idea of using a simple wind tunnel as a separator for ultrafine POFA. The existing operation of the wind tunnel is simulated using ANSYS-CFX, a numerical modelling software. The identified weakness of the wind tunnel design is located at the hopper. The wind tunnel is simulated with a different air inlet velocity in order to visualize the air flow profile as well as air flow energy at the hopper. Different air inlet velocities has a similar air flow profile but the air flow intensity is different. For further study the modifications of the air flow profile were conducted. By altering the hopper angle shows that the air flow profile is changed. Based on the simulation results, the hopper at 60° yields the best flow characteristic. At angle 60° of the hopper, the air flow is mostly directed downward into the tunnel and the air flow energy is low. Therefore, it allows the POFA to be directed into the tunnel and reduced the ultrafine POFA losses at the tip of the hopper. This practical method utilizes a simple open wind tunnel that enables the process to be more efficient and cost efficient thus the production of ultrafine POFA can be increased.

L'activité diurne du vol de Culicoides kingi Austen, 1922 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) a été étudiée à Shambat, région de Khartoum, au Soudan, au moyen d'un piège lumineux. L'activité de piqûre a été évaluée sur des vaches utilisées comme piège. Deux sommets ont été notés, l'un le matin et l'autre en fin d'après-midi. L'activité était nulle la nuit. Elle était à son minimum le jour, au début de l'après-midi alors que la température et l'intensité de la lumière étaient à leur maximum, le vent modéré et l'humidité relative assez basse. Dans toutes les captures, les femelles étaient plus nombreuses que les mâles. Des variations saisonnières du nombre de mouches ont été notées avec des pointes de population en février et juillet