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El estudio analiza la trayectoria de las mujeres afrodescendientes durante la República de Cuba (1902-1959). En primer lugar, se realiza una valoración de las obras dedicadas a las mujeres cubanas como género, por un lado, y a la cultura afro, por otro, para demostrar hasta qué punto las mujeres afrocubanas han sido desatendidas por la historiografía. Después se pasa a examinar a las mujeres negras y mestizas en relación con la población masculina total y las mujeres blancas. El texto se divide en tres apartados: campo educativo, inserción laboral y movilidad política. Los datos permiten afirmar que las mujeres afrocubanas estuvieron doblemente sometidas durante todo el período republicano, por género frente a los hombres negros, por «raza» frente a las mujeres blancas.

The 10th of March 1952 military coup d’Etat lead by Colonel Fulgencio Batista put an end to the democratic period that started up when the Cuban Constitution of 1940 was ratified. From that moment on, the opposition to the Batista’s government evolved from pacific demonstration to urban terrorism and guerrilla warfare until the insurrectional movement managed to oust him in January 1959. Aside from the studies published by Sergio López and Francisco Pividal, or the testimonies given by Luis Buch, many aspects of the activities that were carried out by those clubs supporting the Cuban insurrection between 1955 and 1959 are still mainly unknown. This paper is based on Latin-American and American papers, as well as personal archives from Havana and Miami. By following the aforementioned researches, this article tries to define the role that Cuban women performed in this external groups and sections. Concretely, It will be examined the clubs and women activists in México, United States, Chile and Argentina.