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Historical references used by political representatives throughout time might reveal changes in the way policies are justified to society. For Spain, promoting Euro-Mediterranean relations within the framework of the Barcelona Process meant circumventing a certain traditional vision that saw Mediterranean policy as a legacy. Allusions to the past were often avoided, with preference to looking towards the future as a stimulus for regional cooperation. Nevertheless, Spanish foreign policy converged with the French and Italian outlook in grounding the European Union Mediterranean agenda on a shared historical discourse. However, the development of such discourse would not match the ultimate goal of enhancing regional cohesion, weakened the Barcelona Process itself, and undermined the European Union’s legitimacy as international actor in the Mediterranean.

A través del estudio de diversas fuentes civiles y religiosas elaboradas en el transcurso de los siglos XV al XVII (legislación real y religiosa, literatura teológica y de reforma moral...) analizamos la función de las ceremonias publicas de expiación contra blasfemias y juramentos en el marco geográfico peninsular con especial incidencia en Cataluña. Celebraciones expiativas convertidas a veces en instrumento principal para exorcizar los males de una sociedad atenazada por el miedo ante un futuro incierto, frente a la incapacidad de los poderes temporal y espiritual en resolver situaciones de crisis política o social extremas.