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Recettes : TCA's cupcakes

The presence of the choir in the Opera increases in the second half of the eighteenth century on the thrust of reformist demands aimed at the hybridization of Italian and French melodramaturgy. The mechanisms of the impresarios’ system and its reception have not been adequately explored, even though they can explain the reasons for the growing importance that the choir obtained during the transition from post-metastasian Opera to romanticism. The article provides some quantitative data, referring above all to those theatrical centers that more than others hosted permanent groups of choristers, and gives a summary of the vision of the choir from the perspective of both treatise writers and theatre audience.

In 1584 Alfonso II d’Este entered Modena together with his third wife Margherita Gonzaga. This event belongs to an established tradition in the dukedom and has been described in the sources: they include one drawing, attributed to the architect Gian Maria Menia and devoted to five ephemeral arches designed for the occasion, and a detailed description of the ceremonial entry written by the humanist Carlo Sigonio. This work focuses on these two aspects: on the one hand, the essay examines the references used by Menia to realize the ephemeral architectures. On the other, the essay frames the description of the triumphal ceremonial in the varied interests and in the antiquarian studies of Sigonio.

The design of glass structures under dynamic loads still presents a high degree of uncertainty. Among others, one of the methods to study the vulnerability of structural systems is based on the use of fragility curves. This study includes a seismic evaluation of structural glass frame as a function of fragility curves in earthquake engineering. In particular, the Cloud method is used to perform non-linear dynamic analysis which provide a set of data pairs implemented in a linear-regression-based probabilistic model.

The expansion of human activities on the quest for development causes an increase in generation of waste which can be reused, in most cases, as inputs to other economic activities, making them more sustainable. In this sense, the research aimed to analyze the environmental and economical conditions that favor the production of electricity from the use of wood waste generated in the municipality of Marcelândia-MT. For that, the existing waste stocks in this county were quantified from data provided by the Ministry of Environment. Then, by the statistical method, the time of extraction of the total area covered by vegetation in the city was estimated. Finally, the costs and revenues were analized to demonstrate the profitability of the establishment of a thermal power plant. It was found that in Marcelândia-MT, the wood waste generated between May 2007 and June 2012 add up to 8,914,743.13 m3. In this municipality, there are 18 forest managements, amounting to 15,935,080 m3, with the potential to be exploited in a managed way for at least 189 years. Considering in this scenario, the average utilization of total log (58.54%) would have a complete generation of 6,606,684.57 m3 of wood waste, enough to sustain a thermal power plant for about 43 years, this without considering the waste generated in the continuity of timber production and those generated by forest, which would be enough to supply a plant for a period of 32 years. The use of wood waste generated in Marcelândia-MT as input of the power plant is presented as a viable proposal, with internal rate of return close to the minimum expected rate of attractiveness, positive net present value and return on investment from the sixth year, with income of R$ 13,240,654.00. In this way, the city’s energy demand (1,382,268 kWh) could be supplied by the power plant and the generated surplus power could be marketed.

This article analyses the most important social and economic consequences of the parliamentary coup which occurred in Brazil in 2015-16. It first exposes the economic situation before the coup, and then further evolutions with a specific focus on the strong economic crisis that affected a country confronted with the most important recession in its history. Political instability has dramatic consequences for several economic indicators (GDP growth rate, investment rate), and on several social indicators such as the unemployment rate (with more than 13 million people without jobs). At the same time, governmental social spending has been significantly cut, income is concentrated in fewer and fewer hands, and poverty is expanding at a higher level than in 2009, when the country was suffering from the world economic crisis.

The article analyses the recent trend of the decentralized negotiating regulation during the economic crisis, with particular attention to the Italian system. It focuses in particular on some issues, such as the negotiating welfare.

O debate sobre a estabilidade econômica dos assentamentos rurais ganhou força a partir da década de 1990. Essa discussão persiste até os dias atuais devido às dificuldades enfrentadas pelas famílias assentadas para ultrapassar a barreira do autoconsumo e aumentar a produção e o nível de renda. A transformação das estruturas produtivas rurais tornou-se peça fundamental para a compreensão da questão econômica dos assentamentos, uma vez que em um determinado momento as organizações dos assentados entenderam que a agroindustrialização da produção seria a solução ideal para o sucesso dos referidos assentamentos. A partir da trajetória dos assentamentos, da evolução histórica das estruturas produtivas no campo e de uma pesquisa quantitativa sobre o tema, este artigo discutiu o contexto da reforma agrária nacional, procurando esclarecer temas econômicos dos assentamentos. De uma maneira geral, concluiu-se que os impasses produtivos dos assentamentos estão fortemente relacionados ao modelo de crescimento econômico baseado no agronegócio e na concentração de terras. Isso porque está constatado que a produção dos assentamentos e o nível tecnológico de suas estruturas produtivas detêm uma série de desvantagens e limitações comparativamente aos grandes produtores e complexos agroindustriais.

Three weeks on a cargo ship heading towards Central America, one week on the Trans-Siberian railway from Moscow to Beijing, three days on the Trans-Tibetan railway form Beijing to Lhasa; all around the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea, with countless detours across the Balkan region as well as some photographic “parenthesis” in juvenile correctional centres in the former Yugoslavia, the former Soviet Union, and France. Klavdij Sluban is never in a hurry, he is not a reporter looking for events, rather, a traveller-photographer who abandons himself to the slow pace of creation through discovery. To him, doing photography and travelling are two verbs for the same action and the same existential need: to give a rhythm to the flow of time, to testify one’s presence. His camera establishes the link with the world he crosses through, preferably on foot. Sluban’s photography is one thing with travel, of which it is both the premise and the fruit: images nourish a larger research and ultimately impose a new need to leave. Rare and precious takes are to be assembled into a series only after years of tos and fros in and out the field. His‘reportages’are in fact long-term cycles, now collected in publications such as Balkans Transit (five years); the Caribbean cycle Paradise Lost (four years); Transverses around the Black Sea (ten years); Entre Parenthèses, the photography workshops with juvenile delinquents around the world (fifteen years), East to East on the trains in central Asia (six years).

La intervención arqueológica de apoyo a la restauración llevada a cabo en el torreón de época medieval conocido como «El Fuerte», situado en el pueblo de Lanteira (Granada), en la cara norte de Sierra Nevada, nos ha permitido analizar con detalle su estructura y las distintas técnicas constructivas utilizadas, así como datar la construcción en los siglos XIV o XV. Aunque el objetivo fundamental ha sido describir las características de esta estructura de época nazarí, también hemos integrado su estudio en el contexto de la evolución del poblamiento medieval de su entorno, pero además hemos intentado aproximarnos a su dimensión social y política, en el contexto del debate histórico sobre el último Estado islámico peninsular, sometido a la presión militar castellana. Palabras clave: Fortificaciones rurales, Torres de alquería

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar como os universitários, de cursos pós-graduação de Fortaleza-CE vivenciam suas atividades de lazer diante de suas demandas cotidianas. A amostra foi composta por 114 pós-graduandos, de ambos os sexos com idade entre 22 a 63 anos. Aplicou-se o questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala das Atividades de Hábitos de Lazer (EHL) acompanhada de uma questão alvo enfocando as principais atividades desenvolvidas no cotidiano. Os resultados revelaram que a média de atividades de lazer entre o publico investigado foi baixa (M= 1,70; DP= 0,77). Verificou-se significância estatística quanto ao gênero (F= 6,359; gl= 1; p< 0,01) e a EHL, destacando-se o gênero feminino. As atividades de lazer que apresentaram maior média foram navegar na internet (M= 3,37; DP= 1,54) e ler livros (M= 2,84; DP= 1,76). Os sujeitos elencaram o estudo e o trabalho como as atividades que desenvolvem na maior parte do seu tempo.

O artigo apresenta o mapeamento da produção acadêmica sobre o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) entre 1996 e 2006, abrangendo artigos científicos publicados em congressos e em periódicos, dissertações de mestrado, teses de doutorado, relatórios de pesquisas e outros materiais técnicos. Foram sistematizados 144 trabalhos, posteriormente classificados em três grandes grupos: “artigos científicos”; “dissertações e teses”; e “relatórios de pesquisas”. O conjunto desses trabalhos foi catalogado em sete linhas temáticas que indicam o centro de análise de cada estudo. Como conclusão geral, observou-se que todos os estudos apontaram pontos positivos do programa (descentralização das decisões, criação de conselhos gestores, expansão dos benefícios para todas as regiões do país, articulação entre atores públicos e privados etc.), bem como pontos negativos (planos de desenvolvimento rural limitados, crédito rural concentrado, baixa participação dos beneficiários, problemas no modelo de financiamento etc.). Assim, acredita-se que tal istematização pode ser útil, tanto à comunidade acadêmica como aos agentes de desenvolvimento rural, no sentido de propiciar novos conhecimentos sobre esta política específica que, com a aprovação da Lei Federal da Agricultura Familiar, terá um papel ainda mais relevante nos próximos períodos.

O artigo discute a reforma agrária no Brasil desde a década de 1980, realçando as contradições envolvidas neste processo. Inicialmente, faz-se uma breve síntese das políticas adotadas pelos diferentes governos entre 1975 e 2010. Em seguida, são analisadas diversas informações relativas à quantidade total de famílias assentadas no país, bem como à quantidade de assentados em cada período específico. A principal conclusão do estudo é que a política agrária brasileira, além de assentar pouca gente em um período tão longo, não tem provocado alterações importantes no processo de concentração de terras no Brasil, uma vez que o Índice de Gini ainda continua bastante elevado.

En este artículo pretendemos establecer un estado de la cuestión sobre la evolución de las principales ciudades, villas y otros espacios menores que flanquean Granada, comprendidos entre Guadix y Loja. Para ello hemos hecho uso tanto de las fuentes escritas como de los datos que la Arqueología nos ha suministrado hasta el momento. Y hemos podido constatar cómo los principales espacios siguen una evolución muy similar pasando de husún con albacar a finales del siglo IX a mudun ya en el siglo XI, mientras que el resto de núcleos menores se verán muy determinados por su ubicación en un espacio fronterizo castellano-nazarí.The aim of this study is to present the state of the question on the evolution of the main towns, villages and other minor settlements that surround Granada from Guadix to Loja. We have made use of written records and archaeological evidence found to date. We are able to confirm that the main settlements follow a common evolution from husun (fortresses) with an albacar (refuge) at the end of the ninth century to that of mudun (towns) by the eleventh century, whereas smaller settlements are conditioned by their location on the Castilian-Nasrid frontier.

En este artículo se pretende ofrecer un análisis de la única madraza pública de al-Andalus cuyos restos han persistido hasta el momento. Para ello se ha tratado de establecer un diálogo entre las fuentes escritas y los hallazgos arqueológicos que nos ha brindado especialmente la última intervención del 2006.

An important proportion of citizens do not manifest confidence in many basic institutions (parliaments, parties, unions, army, public bureaucracies, big business, courts, ecclesiastic hierarchy, police) nor in the political class. Such a deficit of trust is attested by a wealth of empirical data. None the less, the legitimacy of the democratic regime is not challenged: European citizens do not conceive realistically an alternative system of government. But a new counter-power plays an increasing and crucial role in advanced pluralist democracies: the tandem of magistrates and journalists. France and Italy are considered as clinical cases, concerning in particular the corruption at the highest level of the State and society. What types of citizens are needed in advanced democracies? Ignorant, naive, differential, credulous, believers in myths? Or well informed, rationally distrustful citizens? Today democracy is permanently under the supervision of the public, as attested by surveys conducted periodically.

L'île de Sâo Tomé, une ancienne colonie portugaise située dans le Golfe de Guinée, fait partie aujourd'hui d'une république indépendante, la République de Sâo Tomé et Principe. Une enquête réalisée sur des porcs abattus à l'abattoir public de la capitale a établi que, sur 100 sujets examinés, 28 étaient affectés par des lésions provoquées par Tunga penetrans (Insecta : Siphonaptera), localisées particulièrement dans les pattes, le museau et les mamelles. La présence également de puces dans l'épaisseur des mamelons a provoqué des pertes économiques importantes car ces conditions ont empêché l'allaitement des porcelets, entraînant ainsi la mort de nichées entières. Des cas humains ont été reportés fréquemment dans l'île, cette parasitose constituant un vrai problème de santé publique. Un des auteurs a été infecté lui même par le parasite. Il semble que le porc représente un réservoir de T. penetrans à Sâo Tomé, comme cela a pu être observé dans de nombreux villages d'Amérique latine. Les auteurs présentent les images photographiques des manifestations cliniques, du tableau histologique des lésions et de la morphologie du parasite.

The article discusses several 19th century French drawings depicting the Palazzo dei diamanti (Ferrara, Italy), which are conserved at the Musée du Louvre (Paris, France) and the library of the French National Institute for Art History (INHA). Topics include drawings created by several French artists and architects including François-Alexandre Duquesnoy, Prosper Barbot, and Abel Blouet and the palace used as a residence by the European princely family, House of Este.

Des hémogrammes pratiqués sur 20 rats de Gambie (Cricetomys gambianus) capturés dans la région de la Presqu'Ile du Cap Vert (Dakar) au Sénégal, permettent de mettre en évidence dans les granulocytes neutrophiles et les monocytes du sang périphérique, une rickettsiale du genre Cytoecetes, Tyzzer 1938. Si les "corps élémentaires" de 0,1 à 0,3 micron de diamètre à la limite de la visibilité, apparaissent inclus directement dans le protoplasme de la cellule hôte, les "corps initiaux" de 1 à 1,5 micron de diamètre deviennent très tôt intravacuolaires dès leur première division "forme en haltère", avant de donner une forme "morula" placée dans une vacuole. Chaque élément est entouré d'une double membrane, l'une externe, l'autre interne. Il est le produit d'un processus de multiplication au cours duquel la morula atteint 2,5 à 3,5 micron de diamètre et peut déformer le noyau des monocytes. Cytoecetes kamtchoulii n. sp. est présent chez 10 p. 100 des rongeurs examinés dont 60 p. 100 hébergent une Grahamella et 5 p. 100 (1 sujet) de très nombreuses Borrelia. Les tiques (Ixodidés) qui vivent dans le pelage de ces rats pourraient être les vecteurs de cette rickettsiale

Des examens hématologiques pratiqués sur 20 C. gambianus, capturés au Sénégal dans les régions du Sine-Saloum et de la Presqu'Ile du Cap Vert, permettent de mettre en évidence chez 60 p. 100 d'entre eux une rickettsiale intraérythrocytaire du genre Grahamella Brumpt, 1911. C'est un élément allongé de 1 à 1,5 micron de long, légèrement rétréci en son milieu (0,25 micron), se multipliant par bipartition à l'intérieur de l'hématie, mais présentant aussi des phases de prolifération sous forme d'éléments coccoïdes de 0,1 à 0,3 micron de diamètre envahissant massivement le sang à l'occasion d'une déficience de l'organisme. Lors d'infection chronique sans symptômes morbides, une hématie sur 50 à 60 est envahie par 30 à 40 Grahamella. Un stress, un état de polyparasitisme, peuvent déclencher une véritable septicémie avec apparition de troubles de l'hématopoïèse, hémorragies cutanées, troubles respiratoires et parfois accidents nerveux suivis de mort. Cette nouvelle espèce de Bartonellacae semble bien inféodée au rat de Gambie. Elle est décrite sous le nom de Grahamella kaniae n. sp. Les puces pourraient être le vecteur de cette rickettsiale

L'intestin de Thelazia rhodesi récolté au Sénégal, et observé au microscope électronique, contient une population bactérienne importante. Ces bactéries, ensemencées sur milieu gélosé, se révèlent généralement être des cultures pures, monospécifiques (genres Corynebacterium et Aeromonas en particulier). Leur pouvoir pathogène, faible in vitro, pourrait devenir important in vivo où ils vivent soustraits à l'action des substances bactériostatiques de l'oil

The study of directive speech acts in United Nations speeches has proved very useful in analyzing and classifying the diplomatic sub-genre in discourse. The indirect formulation of speech acts and the use of various processes in order to avoid potential risks of conflict reveal the « politeness » constraint met by these speeches, in compliance with a principle of promotion of consensus as an institutional duty. These speeches in which the utterance act responsibility lies with the member states - as they are authentic locutors speaking on their own behalf – are at variance with ordinary language. It is possible to observe the influence of the social discursive context (diplomatic and legal) on language use. Speech acts of requesting in these speeches point out member states’ concerns, since a request can be thought of as an indicator of lack. The repeated use of specific illocutionary verbs gives a good overview of language practices becoming systematic.

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