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The village of Zraoua, in southern Tunisia, is one of the villages of the Jebel Dahar whose population underwent a process of programmed displacement in the third quarter of the 20th century. This abandoned village constitutes an interesting case of integrated study of the vernacular architecture and cultural landscape of the Mediterranean mountainous regions. The biophysical dimension and the social structure are essential for the interpretation of the diversity and specificity of the courtyard house of this region (intra-wall house, semi-troglodyte house, ridge house and hillside house), for the reconstitution of the different phases of the urban evolution and for the understanding of a landscape construction system which is very adapted to the scarce resources of the territory (terraces on the thalweg lines, draining surfaces on the slopes and abundant presence of cisterns in the landscape).