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This article aims to examinate the different manners of celebrating peace in the Roman Empire, and especially the place occupied by peace in the construction of the emperor’s image. What interests us here is not so much the celebration of peace itself but the celebration of the emperor as the “creator” of peace. The appearance of this theme in both “official” and “semi-official” epigraphy should therefore be scrutinized at the local level, by being attentive to variations in vocabulary, synchrony or, on the contrary, to the discrepancy with the presence of this theme in other types of sources (mainly literary and numismatic).

The re-examination of epigraphic documentation from Numidia confirms, as H.-G. Pflaum envisaged in 1966, the elevation of Gallienus to the rank of Caesar following the acclamation as emperor of his father Valerian. The event resulted from an initiative of the Senate in Rome, as the ancient Latin sources indicate. The examination of milestones and other epigraphic evidence from North Africa illustrates the reception of these great political events of 253 CE in the province of Numidia, and probably in neighbouring Africa.

In epigraphy, the word fecit frequently appears in association with public works and infrastructures, indicating that the person associated with this verb was the investor in such facilities. We can find this word in some milestones dated from the age of Trajan, Hadrian, and Severus Alexander. The context of these inscriptions could reveal that their original meaning (‘made by’) is not correct and these cases reveal a means of propaganda using fecit instead of other epigraphic formulae. This paper deals with these inscriptions and with those that speak about repairing/rebuilding in order to understand the whole process. The conclusion can be that the intention of these emperors was to generate the idea that society owes the vital axes of terrestrial communication to Trajan and Hadrian, since they constructed them, even though in fact, they did not.

As is well known, the Gordian dynasty was born in Africa when the inhabitants of Thysdrus proclaimed Gordian I and Gordian II emperors in 238. Still, the military issues which followed the disbandment of the legio III Augusta and the revolt led by Sabinianus in Carthage in 240 seem to indicate that the relationship between Gordian III (r. 238-244) and the provinces of north-western Africa was not always good. Despite this, the epigraphic documentation concerning this period bespeaks that the regime of Gordian III did its best to ensure security along the borders and cultivate its popularity among the African people. On the one hand, it advertised continuity with the policies of Severus Alexander, whereas, on the other, it showed discontinuity with those of Maximinus Thrax. It is then probable that one of the reasons the revolt of Sabinianus was short-lived was the lack of support among the local population, who generally identified Gordian III as a good ruler.

The impressive corpus of milestones recently edited by the late David Henry French and set online by the British Institute at Ankara provides an extensive and in-depth knowledge of more than 1200 stones erected alongside the Roman roads of Asia Minor from the late Republic to the Later Empire. Even if milestones were the commonest epigraphic display of power in the Roman world, modern activity tends to obliterate them, and consequently it was more than urgent to collect the remains before they vanish. This paper studies the unbalanced geographical and chronological distribution of milestones. They seem to be more or less scattered throughout Asia Minor, but they are mainly concentrated in the north-western part of the Anatolian plateau. Besides most of them were built, inscribed or frequently reused in Late Antiquity, especially between the late third century and the early fourth century, that is from Diocletian to Constantine, both emperors overrepresented in this medium although they rarely journeyed in Asia Minor. According to the study of late milestones found in the region, it did exist a close relation between the advent of a ruler and the multiplication of milestones, which had merely become dynastic monuments erected by local communities in honour of a new emperor. For this reason, they lost any practical purpose and completely disappeared from Asia Minor at the beginning of the sixth century.

Desde los estudios de Pierre Salama se vienen considerado los miliarios como inscripciones que emanan y expresan el poder impe- rial. No obstante, el estudio de estos epígrafes viarios ha supuesto, por lo general, un interés epigrá co y, por otro, un uso como prueba para com- pletar lagunas en los trazados viarios. El objetivo de esta investigación es unir su información geográ ca aproximada con su carácter, como elemento de poder para poder dibujar en el mapa bético los marcados espacios de poder y las implicaciones administrativas que tuvieron este tipo de inscripciones. El n es proponer una función principal propa- gandística que supera incluso la informativa, como tradicionalmente se ha venido indicando. Since the studies of Pierre Salama, milestones have been considered as inscriptions which exude and express the imperial power. Notwithstanding, the studies on the Epigraphy of this road have been generally seen rstly from an epigraphical view and secondly, as a proof to ll in the gap for road system. e aim of this research is linking the geographical information with their characteristic as element of power. is allows me to draw the spaces of power in the province of Baetica and to delve into administrative implications of these inscriptions. It also allows me to propose propaganda as their main function, more than their traditional consideration as an informative element.

Research background: the concept of “identity” is defined as a property of the human psyche to express in a concentrated form how one perceives his/her affiliation to various social, economic, national, professional, linguistic, political, religious, racial and other groups or other communities, or a person’s acceptance of the properties inherent in these groups or communities. The life-purpose identity is a fundamental parameter for defining one’s place in life, one’s value orientations and, above all, for affiliating oneself with the major social values of the modern society. Purpose of the research: theoretical justification, experimental representation and technological support of the process of life-purpose identity formation in adolescent and junior age. Methods: theoretical analysis and study of psychological literature on the problem under discussion, which included generalisation, comparison and systematisation of the obtained data. Empirical data collecting methods (testing). Methods of mathematical statistics (λ-Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student t-test, Pearson linear correlation r-coefficient), Leontyev’s life-purpose orientation test, Karpov’s methods for determining the individual measure of reflexivity, Stolin’s and Pantileev’s self-attitude method, Sharov’s ontology of personal myth of life. Results and novelty: the article makes an attempt to delineate the problem-plagued field of one’s life-purpose identity; gives a representation of diagnostic results, substantiates and develops the technological support for the formation of life-purpose identity in adolescent and junior age. The technology of commemorative practices is used as a framework (reading of authentic texts; practice of commemorative speeches; family saga; legendisation of hero’s image; “School is my home”; “Time machine”; “Memory dialogue”; “Planets of childhood”; background commemorative practices; calendar-specific commemorative practices and others).

In this contribution are presented two new milestones and five grave steleai recorded during our epigraphic research in the depot and the garden of Bursa Archaeology Museum. It is difficult to establish where these milestones were erected, as the museum authorities are unable to provide precise information concerning their provenances. One of the milestones belongs to the reign of Diocletian-Maximian (293-305 A.D.) and gives a distance of 5 miles. The name of the Emperor Maximian was erased from the inscription following the damnatio memoriae after his death. The latter milestone dates from the reign of Philip the Arab (244-249 A.D.) and records the same distance of miles. Of the 5 funerary stones introduced, one is in Latin and one is bilingual, while the others carry Greek inscriptions. Two of the stelai (Nos. 4–5) date to the Late Hellenistic – Early Roman period while the other three (Nos. 3, 6–7) date from the Roman Imperial Age and are noteworthy from the onomastic point of view as they document two new Thracian personal names corresponding to the demographic structure of the region where the stelai were found.

This article presents two new inscriptions on Roman milestones from Cappadocia, both of which were raised during the reign of the Emperors Pupienus and Balbinus, and which were then reused during the reign of the Emperor Gordianus. Both of these milestones were erected within the territory of the Cappadocian city of Hieropolis and one marked the distance to Caesarea, the other to Melitene. The first use of these milestones occured between January and the start of May 238 A.D.; while the subsequent use of these milestones seems to have been in the second half of this same year. The revision of the original inscriptions during the reign of Emperor Gordianus, it can be understood, was due to the desire of the Governor Cuspidus Flaminius Severus to register his loyalty to the new Emperor. As soon as he learned of the sole reign of Gordianus, he immediately had the text of these milestones changed.

Two Milestones on the Road from Myra to LimyraThe author presents two milestones, each with three inscriptions dating from the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. The one was found in the bed of the river Başgözçay, near the modern town of Turunçova, the other in the Church of Nicholas in Myra. Both milestones once stood on the road from Myra to Limyra. In a detailed commentary Takmer then undertakes to reconstruct possible routes of this road using topographical, archaeological, epigraphical and literary evidence to support his view.