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In the current era of rapid information expansion, text summarization has become vital for comprehending textual material. Physically condensing large textual volumes is challenging for humans, especially considering the vast amount of text content available online. Text summarization is an active field of research that focuses on summarizing large texts into shorter versions while retaining important information. The writing can be categorized as either extractive or abstractive regarding its summary. Extractive summarizing methods function by determining the significance of individual sentences within a text and selecting them to form a summary. This approach relies solely on sentences extracted from the original text. Abstractive summarization methods aim to rephrase significant information. Text summarization can be achieved by many deep learning methodologies, including fuzzy logic, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), transformers, neural networks, and reinforcement learning. Over the past three years, there has been a modest shift in the research focus on text summarizing. Current developments aim to increase the efficiency of text summarization and attain optimal accuracy. This study aims to examine the various methods of using deep learning for text summarization and identify the current deep learning developments.

Cryptography and Steganography are two main components of information security. Utilizing encryption and Steganography to establish many layers of protection is a commendable approach. Our main objective of this paper is to build an integrated method of securely transmitting data through a combination of cryptography and Steganography. Cryptography and Steganography are two common methods of secretly transmitting information. RC4 is used in this paper to change information from plaintext to cipher, and then cipher text is integrated into the image by Least Significant Bit (LSB). The results are defined in terms of the processing time, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and mean square error (MSE). The experimental results showed the stego image’s acceptable quality and combining the two techniques provides additional security in the original Steganography.

The soil water characteristics curve (SWCC) demonstrates a link between soil moisture content and suction. The SWCC is almost treated as an index parameter in unsaturated soil. The soil permeability and shear strength can be linked to SWCC. SWCC is established using filter paper for the wetting path. This paper compares SWCC for both cases stress-dependent and no stress (reference) in the wetting path. The samples of soil are brought from Al-Najaf City with a gypsum content of 29%, Iraq. The stress-SWCC is studied using a modified Oedometer cell with controlled water and air entrance to apply a specific matric suction. While the reference SWCC is estimated using the filter paper method. Matric suction is conducted at a range of pressures from 90 kPa to 0 kPa. The tests use three net normal stresses of 100, 200, and 400 kPa. The results show that there are decreasing values of the SWCC with increasing normal stresses. An interesting result is that this decrease is high and has zero matric suction. The water entry value (WEV) with the most significant value of the water entry change is represented by the matric suction of 50 kPa.

Conventional designs of chlorine contact tanks in potable water treatment plants are insufficient in terms of disinfection efficiency due to low hydraulic and mixing efficiencies. Strong interaction of the turbulent flow with the solid baffles may adversely affect hydraulic, mixing and disinfection performance of the contact system. Recirculating and jet zones created in the tank may require high chlorine dosages to yield adequate disinfection levels, which can result in the formations of high disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the treated water. The use of treated water by the consumers with high chlorine dosages and DBPs may lead to environmental and health problems in the long-term. Disinfection efficiency of the tank can be increased by the modification of the baffles and required disinfection levels can be achieved using lower chlorine dosages. In this study, performance of a patented baffle design is evaluated by means of numerical simulations on a full-scale contact tank. Self-decomposition of the chlorine, pathogen inactivation and formation of Trihalomethane (TTHM) by-product are simulated using a second-order numerical model. Numerical results show that the new baffle design yields 3-log inactivation by using 40% less chlorine concentration than the conventional design and the amount of DBP can be decreased by 43%.

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the migration of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) in two different porous media using LTV technique. The first media was fine sand as a single-porosity and the second media was S300 kaolin as a double-porosity. The two media were packed separately in the flow chamber and then LNAPL was injected from the top of the model and the migration of LNAPL (Toluene) was observed using a digital camera connected to a laptop and controlled using special software. The images were captured according to a predetermined time interval set by the software. The results show a significant difference in the migration of LNAPL in the two porous media, where the migration in the double-porosity media was much faster than the migration in the single-porosity. This finding is due to the occurrence of inter-aggregate pores in the double-porosity soil structure. This paper shows that more attention should be given towards the pollution of the groundwater sources that are located within or near the double-porosity media especially the agricultural soil.

Intumescent fire retardant coating (IFRC) have been developed by using ammonium polyphosphate, expandable graphite, melamine, boric acid, kaolin clay and alumina as fillers bound together with epoxy resin and cured with the help of curing agent. Five different formulations were developed with and without using fillers. Cured samples were burned in furnace at 500°C for 2h for char expansion. Bunsen burner test was performed for 1h using UL-94 vertical burning test to investigate the thermal performance of IFRC. The resultant char obtained after burning of coated samples were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy for char morphology. Char composition was analyzed by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to investigate the residual weight of coating. Results showed that formulation with 0.5 weight % of kaolin clay and 0.5 weight % of alumina provide best thermal performance, uniform and multi-porous char structure with high anti-oxidation property.

Intumescent Fire retardant coatings (IFRC’s) are one of the simplest ways to protect substrates exposed to fire. In this study, Wollastonite (W) filler of two different particle sizes were used to determine the fire performance of intumescent fire retardant coating. The basic ingredients of the coating were ammonium poly-phosphate (APP) as acid source, expandable graphite (EG) as carbon source, melamine (MEL) as blowing agent in epoxy binder, boric acid as additive and hardener as curing agent. A series of coating formulations were developed by using different weight percentages of both sized Wollastonite fillers. The coated steel substrate samples were tested for fire performance using Bunsen burner and char expansion was measured using furnace fire test. A Comparison of the coatings thermal performance was determined. Wollastonite containing filler particle size 10 μm showed better thermal performance than formulations containing filler’s particle size 44 μm.

The Malaysian construction industry significantly contributes as an empowerment to its development vision of 2020 by reducing 40% of carbon emission. Moreover, this industry accounts as a threat to the environment, not only in terms of consumption of natural resources but also in emitting million tons of carbon emission annually. In fact, Malaysia is categorized the 30th in the world's ranking in carbon emission level. To mitigate the raise of carbon emission level from the buildings construction, several studies identified some of the effective carbon emission assessment tools for construction projects but it is lack of implementation in Malaysia. The green building index (GBI), Malaysian CIB Report has been introduced to assist the construction stakeholders in reducing the level of carbon emission and the impact of buildings on the environment. This paper presents an analysis of carbon emission from housing projects and office buildings in order to identify and quantify the main sources of carbon emission for each project and it proposes environmental friendly materials as replacement for conventional construction materials to achieve the implementation of sustainability in Malaysia.

COVID19 altered and impacted medical and surgical practice around the world. Standard of care and routine procedures are disrupted. Majors shift in personnel, and ad hoc new team as well as delocalization and working with new infrastructures are further challenges to be dealt with. This review of three very unusual scenarios illustrates pitfalls and dangers harbored in the re-shaped landscape of COVID19 exemplifying the narrow path bridging from the medical and surgical comfort zone to uncharted territory and eventually leading to collateral damage., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

A systematic review of the literature was carried out to assess the risk factors for readmission to the emergency room in people aged 75 and over. This review shows that some socio-demographic factors (high age, male gender, not being single), some underlying conditions (cardio-respiratory diseases, diabetes, cognitive impairment, cancer, depression), a recent history of falling and an impaired autonomy before admission are risk factors for readmission to the emergency room more than the cause of admission itself or its severity in people aged 75 and over. It remains to determine the best predictive readmission score in the elderly and whether a systematic identification of risk factors associated with specific management in the at-risk oldest reduce their readmission after a first visit to the emergency room.

We report here a case of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with IgA paraproteinemia and a case of concomitant Waldenström macroglobulinemia and monoclonal gammapathy of unknown significance. These rare cases show that the isotype of a monoclonal immunoglobulin does not allow to foresee every time the underlying pathology. Clinical data and medical imaging are essential. From a biological point of view, additional analysis such as immunophenotyping, cytogenetics and molecular biology are required in addition to the cytological features in order to make an accurate differential diagnosis between lymphoid and plasma cell malignancy.

We report the case of a 61-year old patient with no particular previous history who complained of pain with paraesthesias at the level of the anterolateral compartment of the left leg irradiating to the dorsal side of the ankle and the foot which lasted over six months. These pains were made worse by effort. Clinical examination showed partial sensitivity deficit and positive Tinel's sign in the territory of the superficial peroneal nerve (A). Electromyography (EMG) confirmed peroneal nerve involvement with decreased amplitude of sensory potentials. X-ray ruled out the presence of an underlying osteo articular cause (B). Ultrasound objectified well-defined homogeneous tissue formation (C) while MRI showed fusiform mass centered on the nerve with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted hyposignal and T2-weighted hypersignal (D). Conservative surgical resection with sparing of nerve fascicles (E,F) and anatomopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of benign schwannoma (G). At 1-month follow-up, symptoms had disappeared with sensitivity conservation in the territory of this nerve. The diagnosis of schwannoma is difficult due to the absence of swelling and because schwannoma may mimic entrapment neuropathy, as in the case of our patient. Schwannomas are resectable peripheral nerve tumors. Their prognosis is excellent after adapted surgical treatment with sparing of nerve fascicles.

We report the case of a 36-year old female patient injured in a fall from a horse. Radiological assessment showed closed comminuted fracture of the lower extremity of the left radius with extensive displacement (A & B). Initial management was based on open osteosynthesis with screwed anterior plate and nails (C) followed by functional rehabilitation. Patient's evolution was marked by the occurrence of secondary fracture of the extensor longus, clinically objectified by thumb extension deficit and confirmed by dynamic Ultrasound (D). The patient underwent surgery with exploration of the frayed tendon caught in a voluminous bony callus (E). Conservative treatment was not possible, repair was based on resection and partial graft from the extensor carpi radialis longus after dissection via the same approach. Outcome after rehabilitation was excellent (F) with gradual resumption of work from the second month.

Pure subtalar dislocation is a rare condition. We here report the case of a young patient presenting with pure internal subtalar dislocation as a result of a sport accident. He underwent orthopedic therapy achieving a good functional outcome.

Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a common cause of chronic benign lymphadenopathy in the child and the young adult. Bartonella henselae is the agent responsible for this disease. Common symptoms include regional lymphadenopathy associated with fever. We report a clinically atypical and potentially misleading case of a 18-year old girl with CSD revealed by elbow abscess.