Search

This tutorial provides a pragmatic introduction to specifying, estimating and interpreting single-level and hierarchical linear regression models in the Bayesian framework. We start by summarizing why one should consider the Bayesian approach to the most common forms of regression. Next we introduce the R package rstanarm for Bayesian applied regression modeling. An overview of rstanarm fundamentals accompanies step-by-step guidance for fitting a single-level regression model with the stan_glm function, and fitting hierarchical regression models with the stan_lmer function, illustrated with data from an experience sampling study on changes in affective states. Exploration of the results is facilitated by the intuitive and user-friendly shinystan package. Data and scripts are available on the Open Science Framework page of the project. For readers unfamiliar with R, this tutorial is self-contained to enable all researchers who apply regression techniques to try these methods with their own data. Regression modeling with the functions in the rstanarm package will be a straightforward transition for researchers familiar with their frequentist counterparts, lm (or glm) and lmer.

In this paper, I outline linguistic and discursive practices online forum participants use to make sense of painful and disturbing bodily experiences which from the participants’ perspectives have not been explained, diagnosed and treated by medical professionals. By scrutinizing a thread from a Danish online health forum on the topic metabolism using conversation analytic perspectives, I show that participants use practices that objectify their experiences when seeking support and recognition in the forum. Four practices for objectifying experiences understood as undiagnosed symptoms of illness are outlined: (1) Presentation of problem by presenting a medical history of symptom discovery; (2) Presentation of symptoms in a list using medical terms, extreme case formulations (Pomerantz 1986), and elliptic constructions; (3) Presentation of a candidate medical cause supported by evidence and sources; and (4) Presentation of objective facts and other sources as the expected solution. It is argued that the responses, characterized by agreement and tellings of similar stories, contribute to the objectification of subjective experiences by delivering perspectives that can be used as information sources and for experience based generalization.

This paper presents the case study of the MODSCAPES Technische Universität Berlin team: the Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaften – LPGs (agricultural production collectives) of the former German Democratic Republic in the southern Oderbruch (Brandenburg). The paper is divided into two parts: The first discusses the planning and socio-economic theory of the LPGs developed by the East German state, and the ensuing spatial manifestations of these production—and eventually, settlement—schemes. Here, the major differences between the planned vision and the lived reality of these rural networks are highlighted. The second section analyses the post-Reunification development (after 1990), focusing on the former model LPG based in Golzow: we examine the legal procedures guiding the economic transition from socialism to capitalism, as part of the German Reunification (and inclusion in the European Community). We argue that in this period agricultural production has grown even larger in scale through new waves of modernization processes; and most significantly, that this subsequent wave of technological modernization capitalizes on the spatial legacy of the LPG.

In the first half of the fifteenth century in Jerusalem, an unknown amateur lexicographer wrote a "Travel Guide". He collects lists of useful vocabulary and common phrases in spoken Arabic and "primitive Ethiopian" with an intuitive transliteration in Latin characters, and he translates them in Italian and Latin. In the late Middle Ages, this genre will flourish for the pilgrims visiting the Holy Land. The article presents these documents in their original version and then ordering as such: elements and natural phenomena; plants, fruits and vegetables, food; animals; clothing; weapons, tools, architecture and colours; useful sentences. Then the author studied the methods used by the compiler: Arabic was certainly the source language as evidenced by many Arabic words given as would-be Ethiopian terms.

Copyright of Historiens et Géographes is the property of Association des Professeurs d'Histoire et de Geographie de l'Enseignement Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Author-supplied Abstracts.)