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Multidrug resistant bacteria and emerging antibiotic resistance traits. Since the 1990s, the dissemination of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing-Enterobacteriaceae that are resistant to a wide variety of common antimicrobials is serious global health concern. Carbapenems have rapidly become the treatment of choice of severe infections due to ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, but carbapenem- resistant Enterobacteriaceae have been increasingly reported in France and worldwide. These bacteria are mainly found in feacal carriage but the number of clinically-relevant infections is increasing. In that context, we observe a renewed interest for old drugs like temocillin, tigecyclin or polymyxins. When susceptible, aminoglycosides are also often used to treat infections due to multiresistant bacteria. Unfortunately, in addition to significant risks of toxicity, the use of these last resort drugs can be compromised due to the emergence of new mechanisms of resistance., Competing Interests: Les auteurs déclarent n’avoir aucun lien d’intérêts.