1. Intoxication aux organophosphorés : vers des traitements enzymatiques
- Author
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Eric Chabrière, Pauline Jacquet, Laetitia Poirier, David Daudé, Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pharmacology ,Chronic exposure ,[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Chemistry ,Pharmaceutical Science ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,[SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Toxicity ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,medicine ,[SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Nerve agent ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are toxic molecules developed as insecticides and chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs). Most OP are neurotoxic and act as nervous system disruptors by blocking cholinergic transmission. They are therefore responsible for many poisonings worldwide. OP toxicity may result either from acute or chronic exposure, and their poisoning effect were evaluated using several animal models. These latter were also used for evaluating the efficacy of antidotes. Strategies based on enzymes that can trap (stoichiometric bioscavengers) or degrade (catalytic bioscavengers) OP, were particularly studied since they allow effective decontamination, without toxicity or environmental impact. This review summarizes the results obtained in vivo with enzymes through three levels: prophylaxis, treatment and external decontamination. The efficiency of enzymatic treatments in different animal models is presented and the relevance of these models is also discussed for a better extrapolation to humans.
- Published
- 2019