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Reseña de: Cumplido Mora, J. (2023). El sueño de Yugoslavia: Resistencia, revolución y Estado (1918-1991). Bellaterra, 437 pp.

Background: Teamwork in healthcare is shaped by reciprocal interactions among individual team members and their clinical context. Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) provides a framework to study teamwork from a developmental perspective. We observed interactions between members of an Interprofessional Healthcare Team (IHT) to identify practical guidelines for educators. Method: Three Health Care Providers (HCPs) with more than 22-years’ experience in a semi-urban LTC facility participated. We video-recorded two regular IHT meetings and selected excerpts for subsequent video-recall interviews. The excerpts were shown and discussed first with each team member, then with members in pairs and finally with all members reunited. We prompted participants to explain what was happening on the videos. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using CHAT’s unit of analysis based on Activity Systems. Findings: We observed contradictions within the Activity Systems involving diverging views on outcomes of enhancing or maintaining quality of life; using non-traditional tools and spaces to sustain resident mobility; safeguarding community and patient safety despite time constraints and job titles, and unease for being paid to perform unconventional interventions. The contradictions have been grouped into three themes reflecting the Activity Systems: 1) enhancing versus maintaining quality of life; 2) improvising to achieve care goals; and 3) role fluidity. Discussion: Our findings show that practical goal-oriented and contextual adaptations rely heavily on improvisation and dialogue. Educating HCPs for interprofessional teamwork should focus on developing situational awareness to foster continuous adaptation of disciplinary interventions.

Background: Resident-focused curricula that support competency acquisition in concussion care are currently lacking. We sought to fill this gap by developing and evaluating Spiral Integrated Curricula (SIC) using the cognitive constructivism paradigm and the Utilization-Focused Evaluation (UFE) framework. The evidence-based curricula consisted of academic half-days (AHDs) and clinics for first- and second-year family medicine residents. Our first pilot evaluation had quantitatively demonstrated effectiveness and acceptability but identified ongoing challenges. Here we aimed to better describe how concussion learning is experienced from the learners’ perspective to understand why learning challenges occurred. Methods: A qualitative interpretative cohort study was utilized to explore resident perceptions of concussion learning challenges. Participants completed six monthly longitudinal case logs to reflect on their concussion experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: Residents' beliefs and perceptions of their roles influenced their learning organization and approaches. Challenges were related to knowledge gaps in both declarative knowledge and knowledge interconnections. Through reflection, residents identified their concussion competency acquisition gaps, leading to transformative learning. Conclusion: This Spiral Integrated Design created vigorous processes to interrogate “concussion” competency gaps. We discussed resident mindsets and factors that hindered “concussion” learning and potentially unintentional negative impacts on the continuity of patient care. Future studies could explore how to leverage humanistic adaptive expertise, cross-disciplines for curriculum development, and evaluation to overcome the hidden curriculum and to promote integrated education and patient care.

FR. Les Propagandakompanien sont des unités militaires de l’armée allemande chargées de produire l’information sur les fronts de guerre lors de la seconde guerre mondiale. Ces unités compteront jusqu’à 15000 hommes recrutés sur la base de leur compétence professionnelle dans tous les domaines de l’information, mais enrôlés sous l’uniforme et soumis à l’ordre militaire sous la tutelle du Haut commandement de l’armée. Elles s’inscrivent cependant dans un dispositif plus vaste de propagande d’État pilotée par le Ministère de l’éducation du peuple et de la propagande du Reich dirigé par Joseph Goebbels. À la volonté des militaires de maîtriser les images et les récits sur les opérations de guerre, se superpose donc la volonté du pouvoir national-socialiste de fournir aux opinions publiques intérieures et extérieures une version épique et une vision positive de la guerre. C’est un véritable processus d’industrialisation de la production et la diffusion d’images (objets de notre recherche) qui est alors mis en place, dans lequel l’initiative individuelle des reporters soldats est interdite —même si certains produisent des images personnelles, mais qui ne seront jamais diffusées pendant le conflit. Ils doivent répondre à des commandes précises de reportage, sont soumis à des consignes détaillées de prise de vue. Et les images produites sont soumises à la double censure militaire et politique avant leur diffusion. Les analyses parallèles de corpus de la presse allemande et française lors de la « campagne de Pologne » montrent cependant le caractère relativement stéréotypé des images finalement diffusées, même si leur circulation par les agences de presse leur confère une certaine légitimité. L’effacement très fréquent de la référence à la source autorise leur réappropriation éditoriale par les journaux, gommant ainsi leur caractère propagandiste, permettant alors les discours d’adhésion ou de condamnation suivant le contexte de leur diffusion. *** EN. The Propagandakompanien were military units of the German army in charge of producing information on the war fronts during the Second World War. These units counted up to 15,000 men recruited on the basis of their professional skills in all fields linked to information, but enlisted and subjected to military rule under the supervision of the army's High Command. They were, however, part of a larger system of state propaganda led by the Reich’s Ministry of Education of the People and Propaganda headed by Joseph Goebbels. In addition to the military's desire to control the images and stories of war operations, the National Socialist government also wished to provide public opinion, both inside and outside the country, with an epic version and a positive vision of the war. A full-scale process of industrialization of the production and the diffusion of images (the objects of our research) was set up, in which individual initiatives of the soldiers-reporters was prohibited - even if some did produce personal images, but which were never be circulated during the conflict. They had to respond to precise reportage commissions and were bound by very precise photographic instructions. And the images produced were subject to both military and political censorship before being published. Parallel analyses of a corpus composed of the German and French press coverage of the "Polish campaign" shows, however, the relatively stereotyped character of the images finally released, even if their circulation by the press agencies conferred to them a certain legitimacy. The very frequent erasure of a reference to the author authorized their editorial recuperation by the newspapers, thus erasing their propagandist character, this creating room for speeches of support or condemnation according to the context of their diffusion. *** PT. As Propagandakompanien eram unidades militares do exército alemão incumbidas de produzir informações sobre os frontes de batalha da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Essas unidades reuniam até 15.000 homens que, embora recrutados com base em sua competência profissional em todas as áreas da informação, eram alistados sob a farda e sujeitos à ordem militar e à tutela do Alto Comando do exército. Todavia, integravam um dispositivo mais amplo de propaganda de estado do Ministério da Educação do Povo e da Propaganda do Reich, dirigido por Joseph Goebbels. Assim, ao desejo dos militares de controlar as imagens e narrativas sobre as operações de guerra, sobrepunha-se a vontade do poder nacional-socialista de passar para a opinião pública, dentro e fora do país, uma versão épica e uma visão positiva da guerra. Trata-se da implementação de um verdadeiro processo de industrialização da produção e difusão de imagens (objetos de nossa pesquisa), em que a iniciativa individual dos repórteres soldados era coibida, ainda que produzissem imagens pessoais que nunca seriam transmitidas durante o conflito. Além de orientações precisas de reportagem, eram obrigados a seguir instruções detalhadas de captura de imagem. As imagens produzidas passavam então por uma dupla censura, política e militar, antes de serem divulgadas. As análises paralelas de corpus contrastando a imprensa alemã e a francesa durante a "campanha da Polônia" revelam o caráter relativamente estereotipado das imagens divulgadas, ainda que sua circulação pelas agências de imprensa lhes conferisse certa legitimidade. A ausência, muito frequente, da referência à fonte autorizava sua reapropriação editorial pelos jornais. Assim, o protagonismo dos repórteres era totalmente apagado, o que abria brechas para discursos de aprovação ou reprovação, de acordo com o contexto de divulgação. ***

Universities are offering hybrid interprofessional health sciences collaboration education courses to address the challenges of schedule synchronization, silos, and communication. This article focuses on analyzing the psychometric quality of a questionnaire used in a setting where interprofessional teams collaborated online and face-to-face in a hybrid university health sciences course. This questionnaire was originally designed for people in the working world in order to assess the constructs of collaboration (communication, synchronization and explicit and implicit coordination) mobilized in the face-to-face setting. The results of the second order confirmatory factor analyses support its use in an academic context and support the metric qualities of the original questionnaire. Online and face-to-face collaboration could be measured using this questionnaire in a hybrid university pedagogical context. The study mobilizes knowledge about the evaluation of collaboration, an avenue that little research has taken to date.

This article presents the results of a study aimed at constructing and validating a scale for measuring the professionalization of health sciences students. Evidence of the content, response process, and internal structure of the scale was provided throughout the study, including data collection from 561 undergraduate and graduate students from four Quebec universities. The results of an exploratory factor analysis indicated a very good internal consistency and support for a simple four-factor structure. Thus, a fourth factor (valuing the profession) was added to the three factors (professional skills, identity, and culture) set out in an initial conceptual framework. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis revealed that these four first-order factors were related to a single second-order factor of professionalization. This scale provides a robust instrument that can be used for studying the professionalization of students at different phases of their educational journey.

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude ayant pour objectif l’élaboration et la validation d’une échelle de mesure de la professionnalisation des étudiants et étudiantes universitaires en sciences de la santé. Des éléments de preuve de contenu, de processus de réponse et de structure interne de cette échelle ont été apportés au fil de l’étude, entre autres grâce à une collecte de données auprès de 561 étudiants et étudiantes de premier et deuxième cycles provenant de quatre universités québécoises. Les analyses factorielles exploratoires appuient une structure interne à quatre facteurs, avec une très bonne cohérence interne. Un quatrième facteur (valorisation de la profession) s’ajoute aux trois facteurs (compétences, identité et culture professionnelles) énoncés dans le cadre conceptuel initial. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires confirment cette structure ainsi que la relation entre ces quatre facteurs de premier ordre et un unique facteur de professionnalisation de second ordre. Cette échelle constitue un instrument robuste permettant d’étudier la professionnalisation des étudiants et étudiantes aux différentes étapes de leur formation en sciences de la santé.

Des universités offrent des cours d’éducation à la collaboration interprofessionnelle en sciences de la santé et, pour faire face aux défis de synchronisation des horaires, de cloisonnement et de communication, plusieurs sont dispensés en mode hybride. Cet article s’intéresse à l’analyse de la qualité métrique d’un questionnaire utilisé en contexte où des équipes interprofessionnelles ont collaboré en ligne et en présentiel dans le cadre d’un cours universitaire hybride en sciences de la santé. Initialement, ce questionnaire a été conçu pour des personnes du monde du travail dans le but d’évaluer les composantes de la collaboration (communication, synchronisation et coordinations explicite et implicite) mobilisées en présentiel. Les résultats des analyses factorielles confirmatoires de second ordre appuient les qualités métriques du questionnaire original. La collaboration en ligne et en présentiel pourraient être mesurées à l’aide de ce questionnaire dans un cours universitaire hybride. L’étude mobilise des connaissances sur l’évaluation de la collaboration, une voie scientifique peu connue à ce jour.

Los últimos años del deporte en España muestran un alto crecimiento en la práctica del pádel. Se puede observar un amplio colectivo formado por personas jóvenes y mayores que cada vez ayudan más al desarrollo de este deporte. Existe poca información sobre las características del jugador que lo practica, para ello y sobre la falta de estudios que lo determinen, este estudio pone en relación la evolución de licencias federativas que han tenido los diferentes deportes de raqueta. El estudio tiene como principal objetivo conocer la evolución de las licencias federativas de tenis y pádel durante los años 2001-2016. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica y se analizaron los datos por medio de un análisis descriptivo. Los resultados indican que el pádel es la modalidad deportiva con mayor crecimiento de licencias federativas, con un 85% de aumento, mientras que el tenis tuvo una disminución del 27,1% entre los años 1994-2016. La conclusión principal de este estudio es que las licencias federativas de pádel van a superar a las licencias federativas de tenis en la próxima década. Abstract: Sport in Spain has manifested a huge increase in the practice of paddle in recent years, mostly by elderly and young people. Nevertheless, there is not precise information and research about what is the profile of players who takes part in this activity. The aim of this study is, therefore, to deeply analise the increase of federal license in racket sport in recent time. It also aims to identify the features of the people who has preferences in this kind of sport activity. A bibliographic search was carried out and a large set of data was studied by means of a descriptive analysis. The results indicate that paddle is the sport with highest grow in federation licenses in spain between 2001 – 2016 with an increase of 85% while tennis had a decrease of 27,1%. The main conclusión of this study is that paddle federation licenses will surpass the federative licenses of tennis in the next decade.

Background: A current challenge in medical education is the steep exposure to the complexity and uncertainty of clinical practice in early clerkship. The gap between pre-clinical courses and the reality of clinical decision-making can be overwhelming for undergraduate students. The Learning-by-Concordance (LbC) approach aims to bridge this gap by embedding complexity and uncertainty by relying on real-life situations and exposure to expert reasoning processes to support learning. LbC provides three forms of support: 1) expert responses that students compare with their own, 2) expert explanations and 3) recognized scholars’ key-messages. Method: Three different LbC inspired learning tools were used by 900 undergraduate medical students in three courses: Concordance-of-Reasoning in a 1st-year hematology course; Concordance-of-Perception in a 2nd-year pulmonary physio-pathology course, and; Concordance-of-Professional-Judgment with 3rd-year clerkship students. Thematic analysis was conducted on freely volunteered qualitative comments provided by 404 students. Results: Absence of a right answer was challenging for 1st year concordance-of-reasoning group; the 2nd year visual concordance group found radiology images initially difficult and unnerving and the 3rd year concordance-of-judgment group recognized the importance of divergent expert opinion. Conclusions: Expert panel answers and explanations constitute an example of “cognitive apprenticeship” that could contribute to the development of appropriate professional reasoning processes.

The study of the urbanization of the Lyon area is based on identifying and mobilization of large numbers of archives and heterogeneous sources. One of the challenges for the establishment of a new tool for analysis the urban sprawl is based on integration of these data into a coherent whole, with a Geographical Information System (GIS). This new tool allows tracking per hectare, the development of urbanization, based on its morphological characteristics since 1950. The aim is to track urban sprawl but also the renewal of the city to itself. The latest developments of this tool have been made in collaboration with the Lyon area urbanism agency.