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Pancreatic cancer is frequently associated with invalidating symptoms (pain, fatigue, anxiety/depression), multifactorial malnutrition, sarcopenia and even cachexia, rapidly impairing patients' general condition and impacting quality of life and prognosis. Supportive care plays a central role in the management of these patients. Recent developments in practice have favored more comprehensive care for these patients, introducing nutritional support and physical activity tailored to the patient's needs as soon as the disease is diagnosed, and readjusted throughout the trajectory of the patient. Sixty to eighty percent of pancreatic cancer patients are malnourished. Malnutrition and sarcopenia can lead to cachexia, which can become irreversible if nutritional interventions are not implemented early. Malnutrition is associated with multiple negative effects on quality of life, patient survival and the risk of treatment complications. Early and progressive nutritional support is recommended in line with French and European guidelines. The search for and treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and micronutrients is also recommended. Adapted physical activity has been associated with benefits in terms of quality of life and functional status in pancreatic cancer patients. Despite these encouraging results, many practical obstacles remain. More and more solutions are being proposed to make it easier to prescribe and guide patients towards adapted physical activity in routine practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daratumumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody IgG1 anti-CD38, available since august 2016. It is indicated, among other indications, for the treatment of multiple myeloma in association with lénalidomide and dexaméthasone (DRd protocol). POLLUX trial demonstrated an improvement of overall survival and progression-free survival in patients receiving DRd compared to Rd only. This study is monocentric and observationnal and retrospective and included all patients receiving DRd for multiple myeloma in a cancer centre between august 2016 and decembre 2020. 49 patients received intravenous daratumumab at 16 mg/kg; after 6 months of therapy, overall response rate is 79.6% ; after 12 months of therapy 79.1% of the patients did not progress and 78.9% of the patients are still alive. Our results are less than POLLUX study in which the 12 months overall survival is 92.1% (versus 79.1%), 12 months progression-free survival is 85.7% (versus 78.9%) and overall response rate is 92.9% (versus 79.6%). These results can be explained by a population with a poorer prognosis in our cohort. This real-life study allows a realistic vision of the benefits of a treatment by DRd over a population that was non selected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Lymphocyte subsets are important in regulating immunity and specific killing of tumour cells and appear to be strongly associated with the development of solid tumours. However, their prognostic value in cancer patients remains unclear. The objective of the study was to determine whether peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets might be prognostic markers for patients with solid cancers. Material and methods. A databases search was conducted to identify publications from 2010 to 2020 exploring the association of different lymphocyte subsets with overall survival and disease-free survival among cancer patients. Results. Twenty-nine articles referring to 14 different malignancies were included: 21 evaluated the immune parameters before surgery and 8 after surgery. Sixteen studies reported lymphopenia associated with poor prognosis, other 3 reported increased lymphocytes associated with better prognosis, while 10 studies reported different data: 6 showed correlations between high lymphocyte count and poor prognosis, one study reported low lymphocyte subsets with better prognosis and three reported no impact on prognosis. Conclusions. Lymphocyte depletion, before and after surgery, tends to be associated with reduced survival rate. Post-surgery, lymphocyte subsets could have higher predictive value compared to their preoperative levels and regulatory T cells (Tregs) may be a better prognostic indicator of survival.

Résumé: Le carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) se développe dans la majorité des cas sur un foie cirrhotique. Le dépistage du CHC permet un diagnostic plus précoce de CHC, un accès plus fréquent à des traitements à visée curative et une amélioration de la survie des patients. En France, le dépistage par échographie abdominale semestrielle est recommandé chez les patients cirrhotiques. Cependant, seulement 20 % des patients ont un diagnostic dans le cadre d'un programme de dépistage. En l'absence de dépistage, il peut s'agir de patients ayant une cirrhose connue mais non correctement suivie, ou de patients n'ayant pas de cirrhose ou de fibrose hépatique connue. Reconnaître les patients à risque de maladie chronique du foie et identifier la fibrose avancée chez ces patients sont des axes d'optimisation du dépistage du CHC. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in most cases in a cirrhotic liver. HCC screening allows for an earlier diagnosis of HCC, more frequent access to treatments with curative intents, and improved patient survival. In France, biannual abdominal ultrasound screening for HCC is recommended for cirrhotic patients. However, only 20% of patients are diagnosed with HCC in a screening program. In case of patients diagnosed outside a screening programm, it may be either because they have known cirrhosis but are not properly followed, or because they have no known cirrhosis or liver fibrosis. Recognizing patients at risk for chronic liver disease and identifying advanced fibrosis in these patients are areas for optimizing HCC screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A retrospective observational study carried out in the United States showed a decrease in survival in patients treated for breast, prostate, lung and colorectal cancer with complementary medicines. We verified this result with a French population of consecutive 636 patients diagnosed with the same cancer and treated with oral chemotherapy in an hospital for three years. An interview by a pharmacist before the administration of oral chemotherapy was made to identify the complementary medicines used by the patients. We compared the overall survival using a log-rank test by stratifying the groups (number of cancers, number of comorbidities, age, sex). The results show no significant difference in survival between the group of 191 patients declaring that they use complementary medicines and the group of 445 patients declaring that they do not use (p = 0.126). A descriptive analysis of the 256 mentioned complementary medicines suggests that French patients use non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate cancer-associated symptoms and side effects of antineoplastic treatments, and not alternative medicine prompting patients to refuse conventional treatments compared to United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer management in Sub-Saharian Africa, is faced with diagnosis and treatment challenges. This study aims to describe, breast cancers epidemiology in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Patients and method: A retrospective cohort study was performed from July 01, 2015 to December 31, 2021 in the Souro Sanou university teaching hospital. Histologically confirmed breast cancer patients were included. Clinical aspect, treatment features and outcome data were collected and analyzed. Results: In study time, eight male's cases (2%) 360 female's cases among 368 breast cancers cases were included. The mean age was 46.6 ± 12.1 years, ranging from 15 to 90. The average duration of symptoms was 23,9 months. Tumors were mainly graded T4 (n = 283, 77%). Nonspecific invasive carcinoma represents 94,6% of histological subtypes. Stages III and IV represented respectively 47% (n = 149) et 43% (n = 134) of cases. Immunostains were available for 34 cases. Triple-negative breast cancer subtype was found in 52.9%. We found 3% of positive HIV among our breast cancer cases. Surgery was performed in 203 cases (55%). It was curative surgery in 138 cases. Surgical procedures were radical Madden's mastectomy (34.2%) and breast conservative surgery (3.3%). In 65 cases, palliative breast surgery was realized. Only 5% of cases underwent radiotherapy. Overall survival at 3 and 5 years was 50% and 22%, respectively. The advanced stage was linked to poor survival (p < 0.00074). Conclusion: Breast cancer was frequent in our practice. It was associated with younger age, advanced stage, and triple-negative subtype in our context. Survival was poor. Population education and breast cancer screening implementation may allow improving early diagnosis and patient survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: prognosis of lupus nephritis in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly known. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical profile and survival of patients with lupus nephritis treated in the Department of Nephrology. Methods: we conducted a single-centre retrospective cohort study over a period of 5 years. Patients with newly diagnosed lupus nephritis and followed-up for more than 3 months were included in the study. Lupus nephritis was defined as the presence of signs of glomerular damage, whether histologically confirmed or not. We investigated clinical data, treatment effects, and mortality rates. Results: a total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study, including 17 women (85%). The average age [IQ] of patients was 27 [18- 37] years. Systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed concomitantly with lupus nephritis in 90% (n=18) of patients. Twelve (60%) patients had nephrotic syndrome. Active proliferative classes were mainly reported (n=5, 72%). Fifteen patients (75%) received induction therapy and remission was obtained in 6 (30%) patients. At 12 and 24 months, renal and global survival was 68.6% and 49%, and 57.8% and 31%, respectively. The absence of remission was associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion: lupus nephropathy is a common way of revealing lupus in our context. Prognosis is poor, and more than half of patients die or develop end-stage renal disease within 24 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is the gold standard treatment for multiple myeloma in subjects aged ≤ 65 years. In developing countries, AHSCT without cryopreservation reduces the costs of hospitalization and all necessary equipments. We conducted a longitudinal, prospective, open study to evaluate this procedure at the Department of Clinical Hematology, Casablanca, Morocco. Data from the medical records of 64 patients were collected over a period of 24 months. After induction therapy, the overall response (complete remission + very good partial response) was 67.2% (43 patients). The mean CD34-cell count in the autograft was 12.97*106 /kg [2.4- 53*106 Cd34+/kg] and the median length of hospitalization was 20.5 days [14-60 days]. The overall response after autograf was 84% (54 patients). At 24 months follow-up, overall survival (OS) was 83.5%, median OS was not reached and progression-free survival (PFS) was 65.9%, with a median PFS of 24.1 months with 95% confidence interval [21.7-26.5 months]. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without cryopreservation is an excellent alternative in our context reducing wait times and freezing costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: cancer is a major cause of death in the world. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic features of cancers of the pancreas (CP) at the National Hospital and University Center of Cotonou. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study with a prospective and retrospective data collection over a period of ten years, from 1 October 2009 to 31 October 2019. Results: out of 15.102 hospitalizations, we identified 72 cases of CP, reflecting a hospitalization rate of 0.5%. The average age of patients was 59 years. The sex-ratio (H/F) was 1.5. The main reason for consultation was abdominal pain. More than half (51.4%) of patients had metastatic tumor at the time of diagnosis. Histological evidence of adenocarcinoma was only reported in 15.1% of cases. The rate of operable patients was 37.5% while the rate of resectable patients was 2.7%. Palliative chemotherapy was given to 13.9% of patients. The average cost of treatment was 955.882,4 FCFA (23.9 times the Guaranteed Interprofessional Minimum Wage in Benin). Median overall survival was 6 months. Mortality rate was 86.9% (53/61), survival rate at one year was 31.4%, and zero at five years. Palliative surgery (p = 0.021) and chemotherapy (p = 0.023) improved patient survival. Conclusion: cancer of the pancreas, due to its non-specific signs and insidious outcome, is often diagnosed at a late stage. A metastatic tumor and the limited individual and institutional therapeutic possibilities lead to more pejorative prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, radiological, histological and therapeutic features of breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. We performed a review of all medical records of patients with breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy in the Maternity and Neonatal Center, Monastir-Tunisia, over the period 2004- 2019. We collected data on 15 cases. The average age of patients was 34 years; most pregnancy-associated breast cancers (PABCs) had been diagnosed during the postpartum period. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the major histological type (93% of cases), a rare case of secretory breast carcinoma had been observed. The main clinical stages were T2 and T4 breast cancer. Hormone receptor (HR)-negative breast cancers had been reported in 40% of cases, HER2-positive breast cancers in 26.6% of cases. Treatment included surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and palliative chemotherapy. The median overall survival was 32.2 months. Pregnancy-associated breast cancer is a rare entity. Patients’ prognosis is generally poor due to the young age at onset and a usually delayed diagnosis. Patients should participate in therapeutic decision making, which is difficult and multidisciplinary. Targeted therapy is the great hope for new therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) are relatively common in the Mediterranean basin. Survival has been greatly improved by new radiation techniques and new molecular-targeted chemotherapy. The purpose of our study was to analyze the therapeutic outcomes and to describe the prognostic factors of NPCs. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma on treatment and follow-up in our department between January 1995 and December 2014. Data were collected using a standardized sheet. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine patient´s overall survival. Results: seventy-three cases of NPC were reported. The average age of patients was 48 years. A male predominance was noted. The majority of cancers (56%) were locally advanced tumors (T3-T4). After an average follow-up of 45.5 months, the rate of locoregional recurrences was 19.4%. Three patients (4%) had bone metastases. Five-year overall survival was 65%. Factors positively influencing overall survival were earlystage tumor (TNM classification) and 1.8 Gy single fraction radiotherapy. Local and lymph node recurrence rates were 13.8% and 5.5% respectively, mainly for T4 N2 tumors. Therapeutic sequelae were dominated by seromucous otitis (42.7%), trismus (38.7%), and xerostomia (32%). Conclusion: overall survival in patients with NPC has improved, in particular with the advent of concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, disabling late toxicity is significant. Good prognostic factors reported in this study include early tumor stage as well as radiotherapy fractionation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Surgical treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) in elderly patients has improved, but data on the tolerability and benefits of adjuvant and palliative chemo-therapy in this growing population remains scarce. METHODS: we conducted a retrospective study to compare chemotherapy-associated toxicities in CRC patients aged = 70 years and = 70 years at Tygerberg Hospital (South Africa). We also assessed tumor-related mortality, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) including predictive factors of OS. RESULTS: a total of 50 patients received either adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy. There was no difference in overall toxicity between the two groups. Out of the 50 patients, 8 (16%) had Grade 3-4 toxicity. 4 of these patients made up 15% of the =70 years age group, whereas the other 4 made up 17% of the = 70 years age group. The mean follow-up time was 47.5 months (95% CI 41.5 - 53.5 months). The 5-year over-all survival rate for Stage II and III patients 70 years and = 70 years were 80.9% and 69.5%, respectively, and not significantly different (P = 0.52). Furthermore, the 5-year progression-free survival rates of the = 70 and = 70 age groups were 70.7% and 58.8%, respectively, and also not statistically significantly different (P = 0.49). For Stage IV patients, there were no significant differences in survival between the two age groups.

INTRODUCTION: triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) expression. It is aggressive and most common in African women. In this study we identified the frequency, clinical an pathological characteristics of this type in a cohort of women in eastern Algeria. METHODS: we conducted a retrospective study between January 2010 and December 2015 at the regional hospital of Constantine in eastern Algeria. Among 472 women with breast cancer, 102 women had a TNBC. Clinical and pathological features and overall survival were analyzed. RESULTS: 21.61% of patients had TNBC with a median age of 52 years. 65.31% of the patients were menopausal. Only 6.82% of women had a family history of breast cancer. The majority of patients had infiltrating ductal carcinoma (96.08%), the proportion of grade III SBR was 53.92%. The average tumor size was 4.4cm and 70.1% of the tumors had a very large size (T2 and T3). 69.07% of patients had positive lymph nodes, vascular invasion was found in 48.57% of cases. Metastatic sites were bone in 16.13% of cases, hepatic in 3.26% and pulmonary in 0.98%. For treatment modalities, 95.24% underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. 33.33% of patients have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 29% of complete pathologic response (pCR) and 96.97% have received radiotherapy. Overall Survival (OS) for all patients at 5 years was 45.2%. CONCLUSION: most of our results are in accordance with literature data, however we noted some discrepancies. In this study, TNBC is more common in menopausal women than non menopausal women and characterized by a low rate of visceral metastases and a lower overall survival at 5 years.

With the arrival of fixed dose formulation in 2013 and biosimilars in the near future, we wanted to realize an inventory of the use of Trastuzumab IV in real life and evaluate the overall survival (OS) of patients with metastatic breast carcinoma HER2 positive. We analyzed retrospectively epidemiological, pathological, and drug datas of patients in a French Cancer Centre (CLCC). In addition, we determined the median OS and compared the OS of extreme weight/BMI patients. The patient model was a 55-56 years old woman measuring 1.61 m, weighing 65.4 kg. Trastuzumab is mostly used as soon as the tumor status HER2+ is demonstrated, associated with a cytotoxic, docetaxel, or navelbine. Median overall survival is estimated at 44 months. Our population was superimposable to those described in pivotal studies leading to the market authorization of Trastuzumab. Patients overall survival in low/high weights and low/high BMI subgroups showed significant differences with 5% alpha risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although some genetic alterations in glioblastoma (GBM) have been characterized, the prognostic value of these gene mutations is not yet established in patients treated with standard therapy., Patients and Method: 40 patients with newly diagnosed GBM, treated between July 2017 and December 2019, and who had genomic analysis were analyzed. Next-generation sequencing techniques (NGS) were used with a panel of 26 genes. Patients were grouped according to MGMT status, the presence or absence of at least one mutated gene on the panel, and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry., Results: the median follow-up was 11.5 months (1.0-37). For all patients, the median duration of progression-free survival was 8 months (95% CI, 5.3-10.7) and the median overall survival (OS) was 17 months (95% CI, 7.5-26.5). Progression-free and overall survival were significantly different according to MGMT status but not according to NGS and p53 status. Three groups of patients according to different combined status could be distinguished due to significant differences in overall survival., Conclusion: we have shown that the presence of MGMT promoter methylation is a good prognostic factor. By grouping the patients according to their MGMT, NGS and p53 status, three groups of patients could be separated according to their overall survival. However, these results must be confirmed on a larger number of patients., (Copyright © 2022 Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), either bilateral orchiectomy or treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue agonist or antagonist, is the mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer. In the metastatic setting, although ADT is initially effective, castration-resistant disease eventually develops in almost all men with prostate cancer. Since 2015, the addition of docetaxel, abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide or darolutamide with docetaxel to ADT has been shown to improve overall survival (OS) of patients starting ADT for metastatic disease. Castration resistance occurs when disease progresses despite testosterone in the castrate range most commonly with or, more rarely, without detectable metastases. The addition of next-generation antiandrogens to ADT has been shown to improve OS in patients with high-risk nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) identified by a PSA doubling time (DT) ? 10 months. Apalutamide is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen agent that binds directly to the ligand-binding domain of the androgen receptor without agonist activity. When added to ADT apalutamide has been shown to improve OS by 35 % in patients starting ADT for metastatic prostate cancer both in patients with upfront metastatic disease or after previous treatment with curative intent. Similarly apalutamide has been shown to provide a 14-month OS improvement in patients with nmCRPC and short PSA DT. These OS benefits were obtained at no cost in terms of quality of life. Apalutamide is given orally once a day and is well tolerated. The most common side effects are fatigue, rash, hypertension and hot flushes. Potential interactions with concomitant medication should be taken into account.

Abstract: Purpose: Superior sulcus non-small cell lung cancer represents less than 5% of all lung cancers and is a challenge for the physicians because of clinical presentation, treatments related toxicities and poor prognosis. The aim of this preliminary retrospective report is to present outcomes of patients affected by a superior sulcus non-small cell lung cancer, treated by high dose radiotherapy (>60Gy) with or withour chemotherapy. Patients and methods: All adult inoperable or unresectable patients (≥18years) with a clinical and radiological diagnosis of superior sulcus non-small cell lung cancer treated in our department by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy were retrospectively analysed. Primary endpoint was the local control. Overall survival, metastasis free survival and toxicity rates were also analysed and reported. Results: From January 1999 to June 2009, 12 patients were treated by exclusive high-dose radiochemotherapy. Median age was 53years (range: 33–64years); mean follow-up time was 20months (range: 2–75months). Mean local control, overall survival and metastasis free survival were 20.2, 22 and 20months, respectively. At the time of this analysis, seven patients died of cancer and three of them presented only a metastatic disease progression. One patient died of acute cardiac failure 36months after the end of radiochemotherapy and was disease free. Treatment was well tolerated and any acute and/or late G3-4 toxicity was recorded (NCI-CTC v 3.0 score). Conclusion: This analysis confirms the interest of exclusive high-dose radiochemotherapy in treating inoperable superior sulcus non-small cell lung cancer patients, in achieving good local control and overall survival rates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Purpose: To compare chemoradiation with systemic chemotherapy to chemotherapy alone in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Patients and methods: One hundred and nineteen patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer, with World Health Organization performance status of zero to two were randomly assigned to either the induction chemoradiation group (60 Gy, 2 Gy/fraction; concomitant 5-fluoro-uracil infusion, 300mg/m2 per day, days 1–5 for 6 weeks; cisplatin, 20mg/m2 per day, days 1–5 during weeks 1 and 5) or the induction gemcitabine group (GEM: 1000mg/m2 weekly for 7 weeks). Maintenance gemcitabine (1000mg/m2 weekly, 3/4 weeks) was given in both arms until disease progression or toxicity. Results: Overall survival was shorter in the chemoradiation than in the gemcitabine arm (median survival 8.6 [99% confidence interval 7.1–11.4] and 13 months [8,9,9–18], p =0.03). One-year survival was, respectively, 32 and 53%. These results were confirmed in a per-protocol analysis for patients who received 75% or more of the planned dose of radiotherapy. More overall grades 3–4 toxic effects were recorded in the chemoradiation arm, both during induction (36 versus 22%) and maintenance (32 versus 18%). Conclusion: This intensive induction schedule of chemoradiation was more toxic and less effective than gemcitabine alone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: The benefits of physical activity (PA) in breast cancer are currently recognized in primary prevention. The World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and then the National Cancer Institute (INCa) have reported conflicting results regarding the impact of post-diagnosis PA on breast cancer outcomes. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the association between PA after breast cancer diagnosis and overall mortality, specific mortality and risk of breast cancer recurrence in the literature., Methods: Randomized trials, prospective cohorts and meta-analyses studying post-diagnosis PA and overall mortality, breast cancer mortality or risk of recurrence after breast cancer published between January 1, 2014 and October 1, 2019 were included. The articles selected by the INCa report prior to 2014 were included in the literature review., Results: Eighteen articles have been selected. Studies unanimously concluded that overall mortality was reduced by post-diagnosis PA practice. For specific mortality, 5 meta-analyses showed a significant decrease in breast cancer mortality and 2 found a decrease in the risk of recurrence., Conclusion: Post-diagnosis PA reduces overall mortality and appears to impact specific breast cancer mortality and risk of recurrence. However, these results need to be confirmed by larger randomized trials., (Copyright © 2020 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors and are associated with a dismal prognosis. The management of patients with brain metastases has become more important because of the increased incidence of these tumours, the better treatment of the systemic disease and the improvement of surgical techniques. The treatment requires multidisciplinary approaches and become complex because of new emerging systemic therapy and advancements in neurosurgery and radiation oncology. The surgical treatment has an indispensable role to obtain a tissue diagnosis, in relieving intracranial effect mass and improving neurological status by improving induced encephalopathy. An understanding of the role and indications of the surgery in patients with metastatic brain lesions is essential for the effective management of this growing population., (Copyright © 2020 Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Orbital exenteration is a radical anatomically and psychologically disfiguring procedure. It is mostly performed for management of orbital cancers or cancers with orbital involvement. The lack of benefit in terms of overall survival and the development of new molecular therapies (targeted therapies, immunotherapy) in recent years leads us to question its use. The goal of our review is to answer to the following question: is orbital exenteration a viable procedure in 2019?, Materials and Methods: A literature review was performed using the PUBMED and MEDLINE databases. The following terms were used then crossed with each other: "orbital exenteration", "exenterated socket", "overall survival", "life expectancy", "orbital reconstruction", "socket reconstruction". Oncology articles from the past 15 years were included and separated into those in the oculoplastic literature and those in the ENT literature., Results: Nineteen articles were included in this review. Eyelid tumours represent the main etiology of orbital exenteration. Basal cell carcinoma is the most frequently incriminated tumor, while sebaceous carcinoma and conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma are the most frequently encountered in Asian series. Non-conservative orbital exenteration is the most prevalent surgery performed. Orbital reconstruction depends on the surgeon's speciality: healing by secondary intention and split thickness skin grafts are mostly performed by oculoplastic surgeons, whereas regional or free flaps are mostly performed by ENT surgeons. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage is the most common intraoperative complication, encountered in 0 to 13 % of cases. The most common postoperative complications are ethmoid fistula and infection of the operative site, encountered in 0 to 50 % and 0 to 43 % of cases respectively. Orbital exenteration allows surgical resection of R0 tumors in 42.5 % to 97 % of cases. Overall survival following orbital exenteration is 83 % (50.5-97) and 65 % (37-92) at 1 and 5 years respectively. Identified risk factors for poor overall survival are: age, tumor histology (worse prognosis with choroidal melanoma, better prognosis with basal cell carcinoma), non-R0 surgical resection, locally advanced tumors (size>20mm, BCVA<20/400 and the presence of metastases at diagnosis). Recent studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes when managing locally advanced basal cell carcinoma, lacrimal gland cancer and conjunctival melanoma with targeted therapies or immunotherapies without performing orbital exenteration., Conclusion: Orbital exenteration remains a major part of our therapeutic arsenal. Although orbital exenteration has failed to demonstrate any overall survival benefit, it allows satisfactory local control of the disease with an increasingly less invasive procedure. The development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies may change our therapeutic decisions in the future., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The immunotherapies known as "inhibitors of checkpoint" (ICP) are monoclonal antibodies used since 2010 and have dramatically modified the management of the advanced or metastatic melanomas. By reactivating the anti-tumoral immune response, these antibodies can activate the immune system in all the tissues with a risk to induce immune related adverse events (IrAE). Thus, the adverse effect's profile of ICP is considered as very different from that usually associated with conventional chemotherapies. The objectives of our retrospective monocentric study were the evaluation of the real life's safety and efficiency of the ipilimumab and the pembrolizumab in patients with an advanced melanoma. Seventy-two patients treated by ipilimumab and\or pembrolizumab between August 1st, 2008 and December 31st, 2016 were investigated. The main IrAE occurring involved the gastro- intestinal, skin, and the endocrine systems. The average onset time of IrAE was 39, 104 and 68 days, respectively and their respective duration was of 67, 50 and 111 days. There were 13 events of grade III and IV along with one death. The overall survival was 5 months for the patients treated in monotherapy with ipilimumab, and 14 months for those treated by pembrolizumab. Our real life's study tends to confirm the current safety profile of ICP treatment. Moreover and according to our analyses, the drug sequence seems to have a global survival impact., (Copyright © 2018 Société française de pharmacologie et de thérapeutique. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

In an attempt to harmonize clinical practices among French hematopoietic stem cell transplantation centers, the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC) held its sixth annual workshop series in September 2015 in Lille. This event brought together practitioners from across the country with the purpose of offering careful analysis of published studies on clinical practice issues that remain to be disputed. This article addresses the impact of HLA and KIR gene polymorphism on the outcome of the transplantation in order to optimize unrelated donor selection., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

HOW A BIOMARKER CAN BECOME AN ACCEPTABLE SUBSTITUTION CRITERIA ?: Numerous biomarkers of the treatment activity are now available as a result of the fascinating progresses in biology and biotechnology. Together with the rapidly growing understanding of the mechanisms of action of new agents, these biomarkers provide promising tools to evaluate early the effect of treatments against cancer. It is tempting to use these new markers of activity as primary endpoints to evaluate new treatments in the context of randomized clinical trials. Nevertheless, a mandatory preliminary step is to demonstrate that the two endpoints carry the same information in order to validate whether the biomarker is a surrogate of the final endpoint. We illustrate on several examples in prostate, gastric and early breast cancer that it is important to distinguish two levels of information: the individual level that allows to monitor a patient to anticipate treatment failure, and the trial level that enables to predict the treatment effect on the final endpoint based on the treatment effect measured on the surrogate endpoint. In several cases, the formal validation turned out to be disappointing despite strong biological rational., (© 2016 Société Française du Cancer. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Objective: Review of the comparative results of different treatment strategies (surgery, radiotherapy, ultrasound, surveillance) of prostate cancer, in which the main goal is the local control and the second target is the tolerance of the side effects of those treatments., Materials and Methods: Review of literature using Medline databases selected based on scientific relevance. Clinical keys centered on the oncological and functional outcomes of comparative series between different curative treatments., Results: The numerous comparative series between surgery and other therapeutic modalities are essentially retrospective with significant methodological bias that is difficult to overcome in order to formulate the optimal thesis. However, there is a clear tendency toward surgery usually with young patients who have intermediate risk tumors without important comorbidity., Conclusion: In the absence of randomized comparative series with significant power, the oncological and functional results of the radical prostatectomy with or without adjuvant treatment seem at least the same, in a selected population of patients, compared with the combination of radiotherapy-hormonotherapy in terms of survival, without biochemical recurrence, disease-specific survival and overall survival, for the aggressive tumors necessitating curative local treatments., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the oncological results of a population of patients which undergo surveillance after diagnosis of stage I testicular seminoma (2, 5 and 8 years overall, specific and recurrence free survival). We also research recurrence risk factors., Patients and Methods: We have looked at the data of all patients treated in our center since 1993 for a grade I testicular seminoma. We focused on age at diagnosis, biological (tumoral markers) and pathological (tumor size, rete testis, lymphovascular, tunica albuginea or spermatic cord invasion) data. During surveillance, we noted the number, the localization and the interval until recurrence and death. We calculated 2, 5 and 8 years overall, specific and recurrence-free survival and searched recurrence risk factors., Results: Sixty-nine patients (mean age: 37) were followed during a mean time of 97 months. Sixty-three per cent of the tumours were less than 4 cm (50 lesions). Lymphovascular, rete testis, spermatic cord and tunica albuginea invasion were present in respectively 21%, 33%, 4% and 29% of the cases. LDH and HCG were above normal rate in respectively 44 and 27% of the cases. Eighteen patients (23%) relapsed at a mean time of 12 months. Recurrence-free survival was respectively 81%, 77% and 77% at 2, 5 and 8 years. Tumor size<4 cm (P = 0.002), rete testis invasion (P = 0.03) and stage ≥ pT2 (P = 0.012) were associated with recurrence in univariate analysis. Using multivariate analysis, only tumor size >4 cm was a recurrence risk factor (risk multiplied by 3). At the end of the study, 77 patients are alive (97.5%). Overall and specific survival was 97.5% at 2, 5 and 8 years., Conclusion: We show here the interest of surveillance in case of stage 1 testicular seminoma. The overall and specific survivals are the same as after chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Furthermore, we confirm the role of tumor size to stratify recurrence risk., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)