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Most published articles regarding popliteal artery pseudoaneurysms (PAPs) are case reports and in English language literature. In this context, no study with robust data was previously published. The exact epidemiology of these APs is not well-known and their management is not yet codified. We wanted to summarize the current knowledge on diagnostic and therapeutic features of PAPs as a result of limb trauma and orthopedic surgery or associated with osteochondromas. An electronic research on MEDLINE and EMBASE between 1953 and March 2015 was performed; using the key words "popliteal pseudoaneurysm". The referenced articles were selectively read and this systematic review included 116 articles. Patient demographics; clinical presentations; diagnostic and therapeutic features were reviewed. In sum, 122 cases were analyzed. Overall young adult (average age=30.48±21.25 years old) represented the majority of the affected population with a masculine preponderance (79%). The main etiologies included femoral exostosis (63%), followed by the orthopedic surgery (25%) and direct trauma into the knee (10%). Painful swelling (44%) and/or pulsatile mass (39%) represented the most commonly presenting symptoms. The commonest radiological investigations used included arteriography (49%) and CTA (27%). The treatment was open surgical repair (85%) or endovascular stenting graft (14%). Post-therapeutic courses were often uneventful (98%). The morbidity rate was low at about 2%. The treatment of direct post-traumatic PAPs was usually open surgical repair (83%) with saphenous vein grafting. Endovascular stenting may be an ideal option for managing PAPs following orthopedic surgery (88%). Open surgery for vascular repair and maximum exostectomy must be undertaken concomitantly in the setting of APs associated with osteochondromas., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Exostoses, or osteochondromas are benign bone tumors that have developed on the bone surface. These benign tumors can be asymptomatic or lead to complications, for instance arterial pseudoaneurysm. We report a case of a pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery treated surgically in a 17-year-old girl with a solitary exostosis of the right femur. Surgery was closure of the pseudoaneurysm and a bypass using a venous graft., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Among the skeletal causes of limited mouth opening, uni- or bilateral coronoid process hypertrophy, or Langenbeck disease, is the most frequent. It can be associated with an osteochondroma or a coronoid-malar bone conflict and is then called Jacob disease, an unilateral pathology. Treatment rests on coronoidectomy in both cases. This technique is illustrated via two cases, one Langenbeck and one Jacob disease., Technical Note: A transoral approach was performed. After subperiosteal dissection, the coronoid process was cleared. The process was than severed at its base by means of a burr, freed from its temporal muscular fibers and removed. Mouth opening improved peroperatively. The surgical procedure was completed by active long-term physiotherapy beginning immediately after surgery., Discussion: Transoral coronoidectomy is a simple, quick and safe procedure. Extra-oral approaches present a high risk of facial nerve injury. In our first case, mouth opening improved from 24 to 36 mm after bilateral coronoidectomy and to 40 mm after physiotherapy. In our second case, mouth opening improved from 22 to 38 mm after unilateral coronoidectomy and to 43 mm after one year physiotherapy. Long-term post-operative physiotherapy is mandatory to get and maintain good results., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background and Purpose: Most published articles regarding orthopedic- and trauma-related femoral artery pseudoaneurysms (FAPs) are case reports in English. Reported cases are often associated with a literature review but actually provide little robust data. We wanted to summarize the current knowledge on diagnostic and therapeutic features of these FAPs., Methods: A new case of superficial FAP is described followed by a review of the literature. A bibliographic search was performed online (PubMed, ScinceDirect) from 1964 to 2015 using the descriptors "traumatic femoral pseudoaneurysm, orthopedic surgery, osteochondroma"., Results: A total of 64 cases of FAPs was analyzed. There were 50 men with an average age of 40.72±26.45 years old. The most common clinical presentation was painful swelling (34%). Arteriography was the commonest radiological investigation used (63%). The main etiologies were orthopedic injuries (47%), surgery of the upper thigh (30%) and femoral osteochondromas (23%). Arterial injuries included superficial femoral (47%) and profunda femoris artery (50%). The treatment was open surgery (56%) or endovascular repair (36%). Deep femoral artery and its branches were embolized (47%) or ligated (38%). Endovascular stenting was performed in 30% of posttraumatic FAPs. All FAPs relating to osteochondromas were repaired surgically. Postoperative courses were uneventful in 95% of patients., Conclusion: Endovascular embolization is preferred in management of postsurgical FAPs which have usually involved the deep femoral artery. Endovascular stenting graft may be proposed for posttraumatic FAPs, for which the superficial femoral trunk is the most often involved vessel. Surgical repair should be performed when endovascular stenting graft is not feasible. Surgical repair is mandatory for all FAPs secondary to traumatic exostoses., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Osteochondroma constitutes the most frequent bone tumor. It is exceptionally responsible for vascular complications from which pseudo-aneurysms constitute the most frequent entity. We report the case of a 20-year-old patient who presented with acute pain of the left knee following a sports' accident. Vascular ultrasonography showed the rupture of a false aneurysm of the popliteal artery. An arteriography confirmed the diagnosis by showing contrast leakage at the level of the below-knee popliteal artery projecting over an osteochondroma. Surgery was undertaken to close the aneurysm an insert a venous graft. The procedure was completed by excision of the bone tumor. Vascular complications of osteochondroma are rare but should be considered in young patients with a false aneurysm of the popliteal artery. Surgery is required for the treatment of false aneurysms on exostosis., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Osteochondroma or exostosis is the most common benign tumor of bone, but vertebral involvement is rare. The authors report the case of a 16 years old male with a family history of hereditary multiple exostoses who presented with spinal cord compression. MR examination showed an intraspinal extradural bone lesion at the T1-T2 level, hyperintense on T1 weighted and hypointense on T2 weighted images, causing marked cord deformity. The CT scan showed a tumor of the body and left pedicle of T2 with severe narrowing of the spinal canal.

The knee is a complicated joint where various diseases can coexist. We present a case of a woman with bilateral knee osteoarthritis who's radiographic follow up allowed a 15 year watch of a bilateral medial supracondylar chondroma and of a popliteal osteochondroma of the both knees. This observation emphasizes the usefulness of repeated radiographs, not only in order to survey the evolution of the knee osteoarthritis but also to disclose the appearance and/or disappearance of other lesions in the neighborhood.

A 38-year old man developed compressive myelopathy due to radiation-induced osteochondroma at T7. The patient had been given radiotherapy at the age of 7 years for a lymphosarcoma situated at the lower part of the neck. Radiation is an exceptional cause of spinal compression which can be avoided by regular surveillance of patients given radiotherapy in the spinal area as children.

In this work, on 7 cases of spinal neurological, the authors analyse the use of imaging in the diagnosis and pretherapeutic approach, as well as for the post-operative follow-up. They insist mostly on the value of tomographic imaging methods, in particular: computed tomography, which allows the study of mineral structures, and determines the site of implant pedicle; magnetic resonance imaging important to precise the connections between tumor and spinal canal contents. They prove that other imaging methods still possess some interest, particularly standard X-ray, useful in estimating the characteristics of exostosis and identifying spinal lesions.

We describe in this work one case of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle. The first clinical sign was a limitation of the mouth opening. Based on this lesion, a review of the literature is made, and different treatment modalities are discussed.

Three cases of osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle were observed with arthrosis type lesions. Based on a review of the literature, the epidemiologic, symptomatologic, pathologic and diagnostic characteristics of this rare benign tumour with facial localization are presented together with the therapeutic approach.

Introduction: Osteochondroma, a frequent benign tumor of the bone, is in most cases asymptomatic. Localization in the clavicle is extremely rare. The authors report an isolated case occurring in the coraco-clavicular area responsible for a painful shoulder syndrome evoking rotator cuff tendinitis., Methods: A 47 years female patient consulted for painful shoulder syndrome. Pain occurred following an effort and at night. On clinical examination, the area around the coracoid process was tender as was the supraspinatus fossa. Passive anterior elevation of the shoulder was limited to 150 degrees. She had a positive Job's sign as well as a painful << Gross armtest >>. Initial Radiological assessment showed no anomalies. Arthrographic CT scan revealed an expansive process compatible with osteochondroma. The lesion was in contact with the supraspinatus muscles and the coracoid process. Extraperiosteal resection was performed through a delto-pectoral approach. Recovery of a painless mobile joint was rapid., Discussion: Clavicular embryology is not yet well understood. The appearance of an exostosis at this localization seems to confirm that the clavicular cartilage behaves as an epiphyseal bone plate. The exostosis, which has a congenital origin, can appear, when it reaches a certain size or when it mechanically interferes with surrounding muscles and tendons. In our observation, the lesion led to irritation of the supraspinatus muscle leading to tendinitis. Diagnosis is usually made on standard roentgenographic evaluation. CT scan and MRI show a cartilaginous coating which should not exceed 10 mm in the case of a benign tumor. There exists a possibility of sarcomatous degeneration, but this is rare on the peripheral skeleton. Treatment should be performed by complete extraperiosteal resection of the exostosis along with its perichondral cover., Conclusion: Clavicular localization of an osteochondroma is very rare. This case report illustrates the possibility of a painful shoulder syndrome associated with this lesion. This report also seems to suggest the hypothesis that the cartilage at this level behaves as an epiphyseal bone plate.

A case of false aneurysm of the femoral artery due to an exostosis of the distal end of the femur is reported. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by sonography and, especially, by a digitalized arteriography. The CT-scan showed the perforation of the arterial wall by the exostosis. The surgical operation involved the resection of the exostosis, the excision of the edges of the arterial lesion along with a venous patch. This type of complication due to an exostosis is quite rare and the discussion runs about the opportunity of systematic surgery of osteochondromas sitting close to a vascular course.

The osteogenic exostosis of the ribs are unfrequent. Their location on the first rib is exceptional. One case is described. The authors, after a review of the literature, recall the particular symptomatology which can be observed, like thoracic outlet syndrome. A partial or total resection of the first rib is advocated. The surgical approach has to be discussed.