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International audience; L’objectif est d’identifier les logiques de la mise en marché de l’enseignement supérieur au Kenya et de proposer de nouvelles variables sociologiques pour comprendre une transformation qui a commencé dès les 1980. Le secteur de l’enseignement supérieur est aujourd’hui géré selon des mécanismes qui miment le fonctionnement du marché. À rebours de l’argument selon lequel ses réformes successives auraient été imposées par des acteurs internationaux, il s’avère que la formation de ce marché puise surtout ses origines dans le rôle des élites politiques et dans les stratégies des administrateurs et enseignants au sein des établissements. Sous couvert de répondre à la demande d’un nombre toujours plus grand d’étudiants-clients, le mimétisme marchand qui structure le secteur de l’enseignement supérieur depuis l’Indépendance est en fait et avant tout au service des intérêts des élites et des managers-enseignants.

Since its beginnings, French chanson has been full of mixed musical influences. Two present-day French singers, Abd Al Malik and Stromae, preserve this tradition and renew it at the same time. While singing about ‘elsewhere’ used to be a pretext for exoticism with commercial intentions, these two singers symbolise a generation where human mixity has become a major reality, which can also be observed in their songs. When Abd Al Malik, for instance, uses the pattern and inspiration of Jacques Brel’s “Amsterdam” for his own song “Gibraltar”, he changes both meaning and dynamics of the original song. Amsterdam’s port is a tearing dead end ; Abd Al Malik’s port is a place of transfiguration where you can ‘sublimize’ yourself and transform travelling into a productive initiation. On the same level, Stromae, metis and orphan himself, succeeds in sublimizing his pain in a dynamic danse with its success “Papaoutai” ; and he also succeeds in doing so in his song “Bâtard”, a true art poétique, where thanks to his own maestro’s abilities he presents hybridity as riches to be shared., ATeM Archives Texte et Musique, No 3,1: Special Issue 3,1 (2018): Popular Music et migration / e migrazione / y migración: 1990-2015

Souvent les écrivains contribuent à façonner l’imaginaire d’une ville. La vivacité culturelle de Naples se mesure en effet à l’intérêt qu’elle a soulevé et aux « mises en discours » qu’elle a suscitées. Cette destination méridionale a toujours attiré les écrivains nordiques comme un îlot de liberté propice à la licence poétique. Montesquieu ou Dumas d’abord contrariés et ensuite fascinés par l’imposture du miracle de San Gennaro, le Marquis de Sade en quête d’écarts inédits, Stendhal avide d’opéra lyrique, et plus récemment Jean-Noël Schifano rédigeant un Dictionnaire amoureux, ces auteurs ont chacun à leur façon réinventé la ville. C’est entre un scepticisme initial et une adulation quasi idolâtre que se déploie l’imaginaire de Naples, nourrie de textes, d’Histoire, de produits culturels. Si une ville peut être réhabilitée par des textes, nous pouvons arguer que la littérature possède encore une certaine valeur et une certaine légitimité. Often writers have contributed to shape the imaginary of a city. The cultural vivacity of Naples can indeed be measured by the interest that it has aroused and by the « discourses » it has generated. This southern destination has always attracted northern writers as an islet of freedom inclined to poetic licence. Montesquieu or Dumas, first perplex and then fascinated by of the imposture of San Gennaro’s miracle, the Marquis de Sade using his own travel guide as a pretext for unseen depravity, Stendhal eager for lyric opera, and more recently Jean-Noël Schifano writing a Dictionnaire amoureux de Naples, all these authors have on their own way reinvented the city. It’s between initial ostracism and almost superstitious idolization that the imaginary of Naples develops itself, fed by texts, History and cultural products. If a city can be rehabilitated by texts, we may claim that literature has still some value and legitimacy.

International audience; L’interdiction de la corrida, votée par le parlement autonome de Catalogne en 2010, a été à l’origine d’une grande controverse en Espagne. Cet article analyse la couverture de l’événement dans quatre journaux issus du centre et de la périphérie, dans le but de déterminer s’ils se sont emparés du débat pour conforter leur discours identitaire respectif, contribuant ainsi à l’escalade du conflit. L’approche de l’Analyse critique du Discours permettra de révéler comment les croyances idéologiques se (re)produisent dans les textes et comment les quotidiens participent à la construction des identités catalane et espagnole, à travers l’émission d’arguments favorables ou contraires aux spectacles taurins.

National audience; In Martianus Capella’s Wedding of Philologia and Mercury, using novel as a ‘genre’ is the pretext for a work which focuses on the academic disciplines. Novel is subverted and used as an attractive package for a common handbook. I will intend to study all transgressions committed by the author: the frontiers are blurred between humanity and divinity, between microcosm and macrocosm, within the framework of a very cryptic construction. The result is polyphony within a work which intends to reflect an entirety. I will try to show that the novel intends to reflect a whole — be it cosmic, academic or literary

The article discusses how international cooperative projects have contributed to increased interaction between civilian authorities and the military or other power agencies in Murmansk Oblast. The cases of fisheries enforcement, nuclear safety and the fight against communicable diseases, especially tuberculosis in prisons, are reviewed. The main lesson is that international collaboration ventures can sometimes provide arenas for initiating new coordination patterns that would otherwise not have evolved. Occasionally, the international project is simply the pretext necessary for changing a situation that both civilian and power agencies view as irrational. Whether these changes are fundamental and structural, however, remains to be seen.

Using the parody of traditional motives of chanson de geste, Sade made the Aix-en-Provence President a person of ridicule, similarly found in the writings of Aristotle in Poetic. However, the repeated and tragic changes of the fate of Florville, the victim, orient the text towards involuntary irony. Through the comic aspect, it is possible to recognize the dominant and deeper elements of Sade’s narration. The two tales therefore become a pretext, a criticism of Sade, as the philosopher, towards society of the XVIII century.

With the advent of the Bill of Rights, making the offender less accessible, journalists are falling back more than ever on the victim to feed their daily tales of victimization. The author analyses the various forms this source of victimization takes; for some victims, they are generally crimes that are spectacular and violent, and are often perpetrated against the most susceptible and vulnerable victims. Each type of media (radio, dailies, weeklies, television) represents a particular way of adding to the suffering of the victim, and each has its way of “exploiting” the victim. The victim becomes a tool of the media, both commercially and ideologically, often with the connivance of the police, who also uses the victim for its purposes. The victim is portrayed in stereotype, according to the type of victimization reported and the offender implicated, creating a guilty or innocent victim, and literally depriving him of his own account of his victimization to make it an object of curiosity that sells well. Finally, the author analyzes how the police and the media, by interaction, can exploit the victim under the pretext of prevention or crime control and even through certain phenomena such as the reporting of crime waves promoting fear of crime. The article concludes that the media should have more respect for victims of crime.

Under Quebec law the concept underlying a person's "capacity required to make a will" is fundamental since it sets the stage for the freedom of willing. While the concept itself is not new, its presentation in the Civil Code has changed and its jurisprudential interpretation has evolved. As such, the author presents the results of an in-depth analysis of doctrinal issues (i.e. academic writings, laws, norms, and others) and substantive jurisprudence (i.e. case law, precedents, etc.) of the "capacity to make a will". This in turn illustrates the complications that arise when attempting to frame the "typical profile" of a person capable or incapable of giving consent. Faced with this difficulty, the nature of testamentary provisions and the circumstances surrounding the drafting of a testament make possible for the court to have a better understanding of the testator's capacity to consent. Indeed, if the questioning of the testator's free will is not to serve as a pretext for assessing his or her expressed a "wishes", the taking into account of various extraneous factors then allows the court to examine whether or not the content of the testament logically reflects the testator's beliefs, values and other personal characteristics. Decisions thus handed down enjoy the advantage of being more acceptable in so far as they remain coherent with what characterizes and distinguishes the testator. The author concludes with proposals of straightforward tips to assist the court by facilitating the proving of a testator's aptitude to consent., Le concept de la « capacité de tester » est fondamental en droit québécois puisqu’il conditionne la liberté de tester. Si le concept n’est pas nouveau, sa présentation dans le Code civil a changé et son interprétation jurisprudentielle a évolué. L’auteure présente les résultats d’une analyse doctrinale et jurisprudentielle approfondie de la « capacité de tester », qui met en évidence la difficulté d’établir un « profil type » de la personne capable ou incapable de consentir. Devant pareille difficulté, la nature des dispositions testamentaires et les circonstances qui entourent la confection du testament permettent aux tribunaux de faire une meilleure appréciation de la capacité à consentir du testateur. En effet, si la remise en cause de « la volonté » du testateur ne doit pas être un prétexte à l’appréciation de « ses volontés », la prise en compte de certains éléments extrinsèques permet aux tribunaux de vérifier si le contenu du testament est « logique », eu égard aux croyances, aux valeurs et aux autres caractéristiques personnelles du testateur. Les décisions rendues ont ainsi l’avantage d’être plus acceptables, dans la mesure où elles sont cohérentes avec ce qui distingue ou ce qui caractérise le testateur. L’auteure conclut en proposant des moyens simples pour faciliter la preuve devant les tribunaux de l’aptitude à consentir du testateur.