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The article focuses on the impact of implementing a minimum alcohol price in Scotland, which led to a decrease in alcohol-related deaths and hospitalizations, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. It examines the clinical benefits of medications introduced in France between 2008 and 2018, finding that a significant proportion of these medications, whether from pharmaceutical companies or public institutions.

Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The tourist attractiveness of a Mediterranean island: an investigation based on the stakeholders’ perception in Sicily. The attractiveness of regions for firms, investments, tourists, students, workers, talented people, and other categories is a relevant issue for regional economic development in the age of globalization. Attractiveness for tourists is one of the most important dimensions as the economic relevance of tourism is continually on the rise. This is true for peripheral areas like islands, where attracting people and investments is even more difficult due to the geographical characteristics. This paper presents the case study of tourist attractiveness of Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean, based on the qualitative findings of a research on the stakeholders’ perception and point of view conducted through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Qualitative analyses of the text of the interviews are twofold: on the one hand we have conducted a thematic analysis, identifying, and analyzing themes and sub-themes which capture something important in relation to the overall research question. On the other hand, we analyzed document content as a lexical tool using Leximancer software, which analyzes meanings within texts by extracting key concepts and ideas. These analyses have been able to the bring out the key aspects and the key drivers that so far did not emerge clearly from the studies on Sicilian tourism. The tourist attractiveness of Sicily, for better or worse, cannot be disentangled from its physical nature and its unique and rich history. Thanks to its island status, and thanks to its valuable assets in terms of landscape, climate, art, and culture, it has a great potential in terms of tourist attractiveness. However, it suffers also the disadvantages associated with being an island: like the low level of accessibility and the high seasonality. Moreover, the tourist industry is poorly organized and not competitive compared to other Mediterranean islands, and the governance of the tourist sector is deficient. At the end, in an extremely peripheral region like Sicily where private entrepreneurs suffer from absolute competitive disadvantages, the role of the public institutions is fundamental in order to exploit successfully its local and unique assets, and to increase the level of attractiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les crises sanitaires ont de tout temps révélé les dysfonctionnements des organisations et mis en avant des vérités. Dans cet article, j'aborde le sujet des sciences et de l'expertise scientifique et biomédicale dans la période de ces deux années de tempête virale. Au-delà, je m'interroge sur la construction de la pensée scientifique et biomédicale en temps de syndémies, où des crises et des catastrophes de natures diverses s'entrechoquent, et dont il est alors très difficile de démêler l'écheveau. À situation de crises syndémiques viennent se surajouter des confusions importantes entre sciences, expertises et décisions publiques, facilitant l'apparition de comportements immoraux en recherche et biomédecine mais aussi traduisant la fragilité institutionnelle des institutions publiques de la connaissance. Health crises have always revealed the dysfunctions of organizations and highlighted truths. In this article, I address the subject of science and scientific and biomedical expertise during the viral storm of the past two years. Beyond that, I consider the construction of scientific and biomedical thought in times of syndemics, when crises and disasters of various kinds collide and can be disentangled only with great difficulty. In such periods, there is significant confusion between science, expertise, and public decisions, which can facilitate the occurrence of immoral behavior in research and biomedicine, but also reflects the institutional fragility of public institutions of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living Labs can be initiated by civil society to address the shortcomings of the Welfare State, but Living Labs are increasingly used by public authorities to involve external stakeholders in innovation for the transformation of public policies. The article proposes three types of Living Labs and three scenarios for innovating in public action, depending on the engagement of citizens, stakeholders, or public decision-makers. This model is tested for analyzing the Lille Metropole ″Living Lab for Youth″, in France, experimentation funded by a national call for projects to co-construct an innovative policy at a metropolitan level with young people. This case study shows how public institutions could articulate the three types of Living Lab on a long-term perspective to transform public action step by step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an entity, the efficiency of the use of governance systems is based on a set of principles. The main principles refer to: efficiency and transparency. The need to make citizens aware of public policy issues leads not only to the transparency of decisions taken at the administrative level, but also to the adoption of decisions in favor of the development of that community and thus, to increase public confidence in public entities. The existence of each individual is daily influenced by public services, their development directly affecting the standard living due to the degree of meeting certain needs recognized by the community as being of general interest and not available to private initiative, to ensure fundamental rights and freedoms. This paper defines the public services as a whole, generalities of public institutions as well as the efficiency and transparency concerns regarding the concept of governance, trying in the same way to answer the question 'Efficiency and transparency, model of good governance of public institutions?' The present article is structured in three parts; the first part presents concise conclusions regarding public services as a whole, followed by the second part presenting the efficiency and transparency of governance, while the latter exposes the conclusions of this article.

Copyright of Ethnologie Française is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Starting from the observation that nearly one pupil in two is nowadays enrolled in a multigrade class in France, this article highlights the hiatus between the frequency of this class configuration, historically anchored in the French school landscape since the 19th century in the initial form of the one class school, and the very low consideration of these classes on the part of the state school institution. After a presentation of the state of the art on the performance of French multigrade classes, an analysis of several institutional writings since the end of the 19th century allows us to corroborate the hypothesis that the reticence towards these classes can be explained by the attachment to a pedagogical model incompatible with the reality of a multigrade class: a model of simultaneous teaching, consubstantial with the school form, prescribing the constitution of homogeneous classes. The multigrade class, in particular the one that brings together more than two grades, thus appears as potentially subversive of this school form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintenant is a French Canadian Catholic paper created by the Dominican Order and published from 1962 to 1975 in collaboration with laypeople. Its authors belong to the circle of Catholic intellectuals critical of the Church’s institutional presence in Quebec in the 1950s and 1960s. The present article seeks to present their analysis of Quebec’s religious decline and highlights how their theological ideas influence their stance in favour of the secularization of the province’s public institutions. Through this, it will become evident that secularization is Maintenant’s answer to the religious crisis of the 1960s and 1970s; its authors see it as the only way forward for Catholicism in the modern age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If individuals feel devotion to their work, colleagues and managers, it is likely to be identified with their organization. However, it is not possible to state that each individual identified with his organization is satisfied with his work. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of organizational identification on job satisfaction. The main reason for carrying out the study in Burdur is that there has not been any similar study in the area and the organizational identification levels of public employees have not been determined. This is the original side of the work. In line with this scope, 285 employees were interviewed face to face survey method, due to interrupting the interview with 34 people, the data set of 251 persons was taken into consideration. As a result of the study, it was determined that organizational identification had a significant relationship with the organizational dimension of job satisfaction and had no significant effect on the wage dimension. This finding can be interpreted that public employees who have a perception of organizational identification are satisfied with the work environment they are in, but that the wage is not included in this satisfaction.

Copyright of Studies in Contrastive Grammar / Studii de Gramatica Contrastiva is the property of Universitatea din Pitesti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politique Africaine is the property of Karthala Editions Diffusion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışmada kamu kurumlarında iç denetim faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesinde karşılaşılan başlıca sorunların tespiti ve hangi kurumlarda ne tür sorunların ön plana çıktığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda kamu iç denetçilerine bir anket uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kamu kurumlarında iç denetim faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesinde birçok sorunla karşılaşıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca genel bütçeli kamu kurumlarında, iç denetimde genel bağımsızlık ve iç denetçilerin özlük haklarıyla ilgili sorunların, mahalli idarelerde ise iç denetçilerin görev, yetki ve statüleriyle ilgili sorunların ön plana çıktığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study focuses on the analysis of two figures of speech --metonymy and synecdoche-- whose identification in economic texts requires a perfect knowledge of rhetoric and the culture of the text language. The cultural imprints of these two rhetorical elements can be found in different spheres including geography, politico-economic affairs, generalization of proper names, names of ministries and state institutions, toponymic names, tourism, and trades. A wide range of examples in each area could provide a clearer picture. Based on the theoretical framework of this research, the examples of the corpus, frequently used in economic texts, are anchored in the definitions of the linguists whose work we have discussed. As for the research methodology, it fits into a descriptive and analytical framework. This analysis allowed us to extract the cultural and extra-linguistic elements hidden behind each figure, not without giving details to the average reader in some cases that seem ambiguous. Given the anchoring of these rhetorical elements in the culture of any country, the public to which these texts are addressed need to acquire them in order to be able to unravel their secret. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Cet article revient sur l'évolution des collaborations entre associations et instituts d'expertise dans le domaine de la santé environnementale en France de 1990 à aujourd'hui. L'article décrit la manière dont les organismes d'expertise se sont adaptés à un nouveau contexte, plaçant leurs collaborations avec les associations au cœur des agendas institutionnels. En retraçant la généalogie des politiques d'ouverture à la société, nous donnons à voir les enjeux, les différents groupes d'acteurs embarqués, ainsi que les normes et les procédures à travers lesquels ces politiques sont mises en œuvre. Enfin, nous soulignons les principales limites de ces politiques, dessinant des perspectives aux associations et organismes d'expertise pour poursuivre le changement enclenché. This paper reviews the evolution of alliances between advocacy groups and associations, on the one hand, and scientific institutes and agencies, on the other, in the field of environmental health in France from 1990 until now. The article describes how these public institutions of expertise have adapted to a new context, placing their collaborations with associations at the heart of their institutional agendas. By retracing the history of opening policies to society, we show the stakes, the different groups of actors involved, as well as the norms and procedures by which science reaches out to society. Finally, we highlight the main limitations of these policies and outline opportunities for associations and expertise organizations to continue this change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of state and ecclesiastical institutions in Central and Eastern Europe during the three centuries following the integration of this region in the political and spiritual order of Christendom can be described as an incomplete experience, as the forms of organization and the social practices specific to the Western and the Byzantine paradigms were taken up against the backdrop of a relatively feeble central authority. As opposed to the secular and ecclesiastical personalities who achieved sainthood on the territory of the old Carolingian Empire, the martyrs of the faith in this fringe area of Christendom failed to generate manifestations of public piety likely to be assimilated with the loyalty towards the state. From a confessional point of view, the actions taken by these catalysts of medieval solidarities profoundly illustrate the Christianization of the Central and Eastern European nations, beyond the political will of those who initiated the institutional phase of this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le processus de décentralisation fait partie des événements qui ponctuent la quotidienneté du Cameroun contemporain à la faveur de l’ouverture au libéralisme politique dans les années 1990. Les pouvoirs publics, les acteurs de la société civile et les partenaires internationaux, créditent la mise en oeuvre de la décentralisation d’une recette qui répond aux dérives de la gouvernance dans les États africains qui ont longtemps été marqués par le centralisme institutionnel. Le bénéfice escompté est d’accentuer les effets multiplicateurs sur le terrain du développement des localités. Pour permettre à ce nouveau maillage institutionnel d’être un gage de citoyenneté et de développement local durable, les pouvoirs publics camerounais ont mis en place un arsenal juridique et institutionnel, des outils et des structures d’accompagnement. Cependant, cette efflorescence juridico-institutionnelle et ces multiples partenariats n’ont pas encore réussi à impulser une véritable dynamique de décentralisation au Cameroun. Toutefois, la littérature sur ce sujet reste largement dominée par les approches politico-juridiques mettant l’accent sur les variables normatives et institutionnelles, qui n’ont pas, jusqu’ici permis de mettre au grand jour les variables lourdes, explicatives de l’ineffectivité de la mise en oeuvre de la décentralisation. D’où la nécessité d’inverser le prisme de l’analyse en réinterrogeant ce phénomène institutionnel au ras sol, c’est-à-dire à partir d’un point de vue de la socio-anthropologie pour comprendre la manière dont les acteurs locaux investissent les dispositifs normatifs et institutionnels mis en place dans le cadre de la décentralisation. Tel est l’objectif que se donne cet article : procéder à une relecture de la décentralisation au Cameroun à l’aune des jeux, des stratégies et des multi-rationalités d’acteurs à partir de l’exemple des Communes de Dschang et de Babadjou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In France, research on the State has been renewed for several years in the wake of street-level bureaucracy studies. Studies are based on a predominantly sectoral approach (the delivery of social benefits, the police/inhabitants relations, etc.) or on a targeted audiences approach (inhabitants of working class neighbourhoods, migrants, etc.). This article raises the issue of the State, politics and public institutions outside the moments that make them exist in an official and ceremonial way, and focuses on everyday life to lead a discussion on how men and women objectify their relationships with the State and political representation. This discussion mobilizes the narratives collected from the inhabitants of working class district of Palermo city (Sicily) called Danisinni Square. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qu'est-ce que la démocratie et quelles sont les conditions de son émergence et de sa consolidation ? La première partie de l'article est consacrée à la définition du concept « démocratie » Pour les uns, la démocratie est « le gouvernement du peuple par le peuple et pour le peuple » c'est-à-dire la démocratie directe. Mais cette définition n'est pas exempte d'ambigüités. S'il est vrai que cette définition propose de nombreux idéaux, on sait qu'en pratique ce n'est pas le peuple qui gouverne dans les régimes démocratiques et que l'expérience tend même à montrer que le gouvernement ne s'exerce pas toujours dans l'intérêt du peuple. Pour d'autres, notamment les classiques (Rousseau, Locke, Montesquieu, etc.), la démocratie est le gouvernement dans lequel le peuple dirige les affaires publiques indirectement par l'intermédiaire d'organes qu'il désigne (démocratie indirecte). Autrement dit, c'est un système politique dans lequel le peuple délègue l'exercice de la souveraineté à ses représentants. (Démocratie représentative) Enfin, pour certains qui privilégient l'approche structuro-fonctionnaliste , la démocratie est un système de gouvernement qui admet la concurrence des forces politiques pour le contrôle du pouvoir de décision et dans lequel aucune force n'est en mesure de monopoliser le pouvoir. Dans ce système « polyarchique », les rôles d'autorité se trouvent différenciés et repartis entre plusieurs catégories dirigeantes autonomes et plus ou moins concurrentielles. C'est pourquoi la démocratie pluraliste dite concurrentielle n'est rien d'autre qu'un mode de gestion du pluralisme, un mode de résolution de conflit. C'est avant tout, une volonté de conciliation empirique des forces sociales en présence dans un système politique donné. La 2e partie du travail est consacrée à la problématique de l'émergence et de la consolidation de la démocratie. Pour certains théoriciens, l'émergence et la consolidation de la démocratie est intimement liées aux facteurs de développement économique et/ou à la croissance économique. Pour les tenants de cette approche en effet, la démocratie serait le produit de l'industrialisation qui l'engendrerait par le biais des phénomènes accompagnant tout processus de développement à savoir, l'urbanisation, la faible asymétrie dans la distribution des biens et l'absence d'obstacles structurels à la mobilité sociale. Mais est-ce pour autant dire que les pays africains n'accèderont jamais à la démocratie, puisqu'ils ne répondent à aucune des conditions brillamment énumérées par nos auteurs ? À cette question, il convient de rappeler que les conditions sociales et économiques qui donnent forme à une perspective démocratique ne sont pas immuables. Elles peuvent être réformées ou transformées par des stratégies de développement, etc. Il suffit de citer le cas de certains pays d'Amérique latine ou d'Asie pour montrer qu'une démocratie pluraliste est possible même sans un haut niveau de développement socioéconomique. En Afrique, bien que la pauvreté et les divisions ethniques constituent des obstacles considérables à l'établissement de la démocratie, ceux-ci ne sont pas insurmontables. En guise de conclusion, on peut dire que les conditions nécessaires à l'émergence de la démocratie relèvent davantage du choix, des orientations et des stratégies des acteurs socio-politiques plus que de la fatalité du développement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue des Sciences de l'Education is the property of Revue des Sciences de l'Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many European companies adapted and distributed Japanese cultural products for young French audiences long before Japanese government institutions promoted "Cool Japan" as a policy targeting the growth of cultural industries. They used different strategies depending on market developments and public reactions. This paper adopts a historical perspective to detail these different approaches to making manga and anime suitable for the French market, with a focus on translation and marketing policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performance appraisal (PA) is an important activity in any organisation. Employers have the responsibility of evaluating the work performance of each and every employee. In acknowledgement of this, most organizations persist in conducting performance appraisals despite numerous problems and constraints. This research attempts to determine the influence of performance appraisal as antecedents of job satisfaction among employees in a selected public institution of higher learning in Sarawak, East Malaysia. Quantitative methodology using an adapted questionnaire with statistical tests like Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression (Stepwise) were utilised to analyse the data. The findings indicated that the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of PA have a positive and significant relationship with job satisfaction. Results also revealed that the strengths of PA is one of significant factors contributing to job satisfaction among employee on the practice of performance appraisal system.

Legal responsibility represents an important component of social responsibility, together with ethical responsibility, ecological responsibility, economical responsibility and philanthropic responsibility. The integration of social responsibility into the activity of business operators in the Member states of European Union is pursued at European Union level. The article analyses the opinion of the Brasov city citizens, in the framework of a marketing research performed in 2015, as regards the possibility that legal instruments should influence a socially responsible behavior for public or private business operators. The aspects analysed for business operators in Romania can represent a model for other European Union states as well.

Copyright of Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Education et Societes is the property of INRP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Autrepart is the property of Presses de Sciences Po and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This issue studies the regulation of work and the nature of regulatory authorities in the construction sector. Public institutions, intermediary bodies and private actors acted in various ways upon labor markets, sometimes in cooperation, sometimes in competition, sometimes openly in conflict, all involved in different ways in the regulation of work and the supervision of the labor force, which is realized in the articulation between the different agents on the ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, public institutions have come to the forefront of the public opinion requesting quality services in the public sector and increased attention to citizens’ needs. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the importance of the development of a customer service management system in the reorganisation of public institutions based on marketing principles while also identifying further research areas regarding satisfaction determinants for public service beneficiaries. The research was conducted through secondary data analysis retrieved from national and international studies regarding the satisfaction of public services beneficiaries. Results suggest that implementing a customer service model leads to a reorientation of public institutions towards relationship marketing. The originality and novelty of this paper lie in the presentation of a new perspective on public institutions based on customer service. The article is relevant in the context of the need for increased citizen trust and efficiency in the public sector.

Copyright of Politique Étrangère is the property of Institut Francais des Relations Internationales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The gratuitous right of use is regulated by the new Civil Code as one of the rights corresponding to the public property. The paper aims to analyse this right in the context of the current legislation, in view of the beneficiaries, the content and the juridical characteristics, as well as the legal limits of the gratuitous right of use. There are identified the categories of legal persons who can exercise the gratuitous right of use and the conditions which should be fulfilled in order to exercise it. The rules of the new Civil Code are written in relation with special legislation in force, as well as from a historical perspective. Finally, there are analysed the aspects regarding the way in which this right should be exercised and protected. The right of gratuitous use, located at the intersection between civil law and administrative law, raises interesting practical problems, and also problems related to the interpretation of legal rules, which the present study is aiming to put into light.

In the present study the regulation of the carrier of the civil servants is considered, especially the stability and continuity – essential elements at the European Union level. Unfortunately, in the Romanian legislation, as well as in the institutional case law, it remains a purely declarative issue. The study is based on a series of recent court decisions. We criticized the abusive use of the expeditious ordinances and the instruments of legislative regulation. This is considered as an abusive practice of the law maker and shows a legislative inability related to the regulation of the public office, especially by not observing the conditions in which a person could be relieved of his office. The conclusion of the study leads to the necessity for the law maker to revise the statute of the civil servant, especially by eliminating the fluctuation determined by the succession of the governing political forces.

Public property assets are subject exclusively to the legal regime of public law, which are inalienable, imprescriptible and imperceptible. According to the law, publicly owned property can be contracted out or given into use and can be leased or rented. In this study we aimed at identifying, based on content analysis and a descriptive research, the owners of administration right, its way of being established, its content and the legal nature of the right to administrate the public property assets.

Author(s): Areti Demosthenous | Арети Демостенус Title (English): Divided Cultures or Divided Societies? The Case of Cyprus Title (Macedonian): Раздвоени култури или раздвоени општества? Случајот на Кипар Translated by (English to Macedonian): no record Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 6, No. 1 (Winter 2007) Publisher: Research Center in Gender Studies - Skopje and Euro-Balkan Institute Page Range: 165-184 Page Count: 19 Citation (English): Areti Demosthenous, “Divided Cultures or Divided Societies? The Case of Cyprus,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 6, No. 1 (Winter 2007): 165-184. Citation (Macedonian): Арети Демостенус, „Раздвоени култури или раздвоени општества? Случајот на Кипар“, Идентитети: списание за политика, род и култура, т. 6, бр. 1 (зима 2007): 165-184.

Copyright of Politix is the property of De Boeck Universite and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The construction or major renovation of a library requires the preparation of a functional and technical programme that meets the needs of the users. The conception and development of a technology programme is required in order to define a new generation of libraries and to truly comply with the challenges of the digital environment. From now on, the development of technology within library spaces has become an important priority. A coherent programme, the training of library employees and users and the availability of financial resources to renew and maintain equipment are issues that must be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of the new Raymond-Lévesque Library in Longueuil was an exciting project, undertaken in several stages. This article describes our experience. Special consideration is given to the transposition of the library's concept, a third space, into different zones and meeting the multiple needs of the citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politiques Sociales is the property of Service Social dans le Monde, asbl and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Résumé: La notion de conflit d’intérêt, apparue en France depuis les années 1990, prend de plus en plus d’ampleur et s’immisce dans de nombreux domaines. Elle s’est imposée à l’occasion de nombreuses affaires médiatiques qui remettent en cause l’indépendance des scientifiques diligentés par des entreprises ou par l’État. Elle résulte d’une tendance de la Société vers l’exigence d’une plus grande transparence dans toutes les procédures. Son plus grand risque nous paraît être la perte de la confiance des citoyens envers les institutions publiques. Introduite en France dans la loi du 4 mars 2002, cette notion est sujette à de nombreux débats dans les différents domaines d’application. Sa définition reste subjective, malgré un ensemble de critères communs à de nombreuses organisations ou États : intensité du conflit, notion de temps, caractère personnel des intérêts en conflit… Le domaine de l’expertise et notamment de l’expertise judiciaire, n’est pas exclu de son champ d’application. Nous discuterons ainsi, à la lumière de différentes décisions de jurisprudence, des moyens de lutte contre ces conflits qui pourraient être instaurés afin d’en limiter au maximum l’impact négatif dans le message délivré par nos experts. Ces moyens passent notamment à la demande de nos institutions par une déclaration d’acceptation de sa mission, d’indépendance et d’information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to detect the degrees of relevance of formal and informal institutions at the level of local regulation, as well as their effects on the companies productivity of in the area in question. Indeed, by an analysis of the territory of the town of Ksar-Hellal, one noted that informal institutions, apprehended by the trust and the collective punishment, contribute beside the penal formal institutions, to channel the relational behaviors of the hilalian companies but with a less effectiveness. Similarly, the strong contribution of exogenous institutions in boosting productivity, compared to that of endogenous institutions, can only encourage the decision makers to improve the quality of formal regulation, and this at the expense of any form of regulation built by values commonly shared by the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]