Search

The research is studying and publishing two rare wooden boxes designed for preserving the Kaaba keys, both are made in Makkah Al-Mukarramah. One of them is dated (1146 A.H), while the other is dated (1197 A.H). Both boxes are dated back to the Ottoman Era. This paper shows an accurate and scientific description for each box, such as its shape, inscriptions, and decorations, as well as analyzing these inscriptions and decorations in the light of their official role. The research concluded that the first box, dated (1146 A.H ), dates back to the reign of Sultan Mahmud I (1143 - 1168 A.H / 1730) 1754 A.D), during the Emirate of Sharif Masoud bin Saeed bin Zaid, Emir of Makkah Al-Mukarramah in his second period (1146 - 1165 / 1734 - 1752 AD), while the second, dated (1197 A.H) , dates back to the reign of the Sultan Abdul Hamid I who ruled from (1187 A.H / 1773 A.D to - 1203 A.H / 1789 A.D), during the Emirate of Sharif Surur bin Musaed, Sharif of Mecca, who assumed the emirate (1186 - 1203 AH / 1772 - 1789 AD). The study shows their manufacturing style and how they can be used, as they are designed to keep the Kaaba keys. As far as we know, there is no wooden boxes of this type that has been previously published or studied. Thus, we believe that these rare and important two boxes are worth studying, thus, that shows the importance and rarity of these boxes, and that there is no doubt that studying them in an accurately scientific way makes them a new and important addition to wooden artifacts in general, and the Kaaba key boxes specially. But it should be noted that although some of the keys of the Kaaba have been previously published and studied, .

Au Maroc, l'élevage des ruminants est un secteur à une grande valeur socio-économique. Il contribue à la production nationale de viande rouge, fournit également des emplois à une importante population rurale et constitue la principale source de revenus pour la plupart des éleveurs. Pourtant, dans les zones phosphatées, cette filière est confrontée un défi environnemental due à un excès de fluor. L'ingestion et/ou l'inhalation chronique de cet élément par les ruminants exerce divers effets toxiques influençant les performances de l'animal et entraînant ainsi des conséquences socio-économiques importantes. Les données des études précédentes concernant la répartition géographique de la fluorose au Maroc, le métabolisme du fluor chez les ruminants ainsi que ses effets nocifs à savoir la fluorose dentaire, squelettique et non squelettique chez les ruminants (ovins, caprins, bovins) ont été clairement résumées dans cette revue. De plus, l'impact socio-économique, et les progrès actualisés en termes de prévention ou de réduction de la fluorose sont passés en revue. Cette revue mit également en évidence la nécessité de réaliser des investigations complémentaires sur la fluorose endémique chez les ruminants.

La conservation à l’état liquide ainsi que la cryoconservation de la semence de bélier sont des étapes clés dans la réussite de l'insémination artificielle. Cependant, la manipulation de la semence entraîne généralement une diminution progressive de sa qualité et de sa capacité de fécondation. Dans les deux méthodes de conservation, les chocs thermique et osmotique ainsi que le choix inapproprié du dilueur pourraient conduire aux dommages oxydatifs induits par les espèces réactives de l'oxygène sur les spermatozoïdes. Par conséquent, des études antérieures se sont concentrées sur la supplémentation de dilueurs par des antioxydants exogènes afin de réduire le stress oxydatif produit lors de la conservation du sperme de bélier. Récemment, des biomolécules provenant de produits naturels ont été additionnés au dilueurs. Cet article vise à présenter en détail les facteurs influençant la qualité de la semence de bélier lors de la conservation en sperme frais ou congelé. En outre, les résultats des études portant sur l'utilisation des extraits ou des biomolécules naturelles à différentes doses sont discutés. Précisément, une mise à jour concernant leurs effets sur la qualité du sperme et sa capacité de fécondation in vivo ou in vitro est fournie dans cette revue.

The aim of this study is to build a conceptual model for applying the costing system based on the ABCII specifications in order to rationalize the cost of the Algerian product in light of the modern manufacturing environment, The two researchers chose GOURA EMBALLAGE Corporation for the corrugated cardboard industry as a model in order to rationalize and reduce the cost of medium-sized carton boxes. To implement this study, we prepared personal interviews with the head of the production and sales department, noting that the institution owns 06 production lines, and the two researchers chose the 9PA production line with a flow of 800,000 Medium sized cans units per month. This study reached important results, including that the application of the costing system on the basis of specifications contributes significantly to the rationalization of production costs. as It does not rely on modern methods of management to reach the real cost of its products in a scientific, accurate and correct manner. For this reason, the researchers are certain that the institution under study does not take into account the modern systems of strategic cost management, including the costing system based on activities ABC and the costing system based on specifications ABCII.

L’intoxication par le fluorure est un problème majeur de santé qui handicape la production des ruminants. L’hypothèse avancée par la présente étude est que la teneur en fluorure affecte la qualité fourragère de différentes espèces de plantes (cultivées ou spontanées) consommées par les ruminants et collectées dans trois communes (El Fokra, Ouled Azzouz et M’fassis) connues par la fluorose hydrotellurique au sud de Khouribga et dans une commune indemne (Ouled Saaid au nord de Settat). Pour vérifier cette hypothèse, des échantillons des parties aériennes des plantes ont été collectés, séchés, broyés et tamisés. Ensuite, les teneurs en fluorure ont été déterminées à l’aide d'une électrode spécifique. Les teneurs en matières azotées totales (MAT), en fibre au détergent neutre (NDF), en fibre au détergent acide (ADF) et en lignine sulfurique (ADL) ont été également déterminées. Les résultats montrent que la teneur la plus élevée en fluorure a été enregistré dans la commune El Fokra (4,96±1,72 ppm) suivi par la commune M'fassis (3,79±1,04 ppm), alors que les teneurs les plus faibles ont été observées à Ouled Azzouz (2,24±1,77 ppm) et Ouled Saaid (1,92±0,89 ppm). De plus, Fumaria parviflora, Chrysanthemum coronarium et Hordeum vulgare ont accumulé les taux les plus élevés en fluorure par rapport aux autres espèces. Aucune différence significative n’a été observée au niveau de la teneur en fluorure pour les plantes des communes Ouled Azzouz et Ouled Saaid. Aucune différence significative entre les plantes pour les MAT des quatre communes étudiées n’a été observée. De plus, les espèces qui présentent un taux élevé en fluorure ont montré de faibles teneurs en NDF (24,25 ± 5,87 %MS), ADF (10,17±6,4 %MS) et ADL (2,32±0,79 %MS). En conclusion, dans les régions à fluorose, le taux de fluorure au niveau des plantes varie selon l’espèce et selon le degré de contamination de la région. En outre, les plantes des communes Ouled Azzouz et Ouled Saaid qui ont un faible taux de fluorure présentent des niveaux élevés de fibres.

The paper summarizes research on gold recovery by the Carbon in Leach (CIL) process using thiourea by feeding sulphur dioxide by a hydroacoustic emitter. It was found that the use of such a device favors the formation of the radical OH*. The latter is the strongest oxidizing agent. One of the main regulated parameters of the plant is the pressure of pulp supply to the inlet device, which was studied. According to the results of the study, it was found that a high degree of gold recovery is achieved under the following conditions: initial concentration of H2SO4 – 0.5%, thiourea loading – 1.5 kg/t, coal loading 10 g/kg, sulphur dioxide feed –0.13 kg/t*min, ratio L:S – 1:3, slurry supply pressure to the inlet – 1.5 atm, CIL process time – 60 min. Thiourea consumption amounted to 0.57 kg/t, and sulphur dioxide – 8 kg/t. Gold recovery reached 93.5%.

The article examines the experience of higher education institutions in the transition to distance learning, the widespread implementation of electronic science and special e-courses in the context of modernization of modern education. Based on the modified Xi square table and formula, the empirical value of the three-category questionnaire answers consisting of four options was calculated. The effectiveness of the study was tested on the basis of the dynamic changes in the attitude of students of the "Elective Course" to the culture of healthy living, specially organized in the field of physical culture education Turan wrestling and its teaching methods.

This study introduces a novel metamaterial absorber operating in X-band frequency range, characterized by two resonating peaks. The proposed structure consist of four circular sectors connected by two cross resonators enclosed by a circular strip with the dielectric between them. FR4 is used as a substrate backed by a copper ground plane. Simulation results reveal that the reflection co-efficient remains consistently below -10dB across the entire X-band, ensuring effective absorption of incident electromagnetic waves. Moreover, the absorber achieves 100% absorptivity with the gain of -25dB under normal incidence. The validity of absorber performance is confirmed through impedance plot and Voltage Stand Waving Ration (VSWR) analysis, verifying the accuracy of S11 parameter. Furthermore, the proposed structure has a compact size of 0.1666 λ. The absorber’s robust performance validated through numerical analysis, positions it as a compelling candidate for various X-band applications, including radar systems, communication devices, and stealth technology. This research establishes the proposed metamaterial absorber as a promising solution for X-band electromagnetic wave attenuation needs, offering both superior performance and compact design.

Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed was widely cultivated in Southeast Sulawesi. However, due to deteriorating water quality, E. denticulatum is gradually becoming its successor. This study aimed to observe three aspects: the activities of Eeucheuma. denticulatum farming based on nine criteria, the adoption level of the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP), and to outline tasks to increase the production of E. denticulatum. The study involved interviewing 59 seaweed farmers using questionnaires. The results showed that among the nine criteria observed, four—seed selection, transportation of seeds, cultivation method, and maintenance monitoring—fall into the highly adopted category, exceeding 70%. One criterion, cultivation method, falls within the medium adoption range (50-69%). Three criteria—farmer profile, farm unit profile, and postharvest documentation and traceability—remain in the low adoption category (

Evidence from previous epidemiological and clinical studies suggests a possible relationship between antioxidant stress and anemia. Our study was conducted from February 2021 to May 2021 and the aim of the study is to evaluate oxidative stress by studying lipid peroxidation for women only in Najaf Governorate / Iraq with iron deficiency anemia compared to healthy controls. A case-control study was designed to evaluate malondialdehyde (MDA). The number of samples was 180, 90 of whom were IDA patients and the other 90 were normal control subjects. Serum levels of Malondialdehyde were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed a stati .stically significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (8.54 ± 2.5 (nmol/ml) versus 4.39 ± 0.83 (nmol/ml); P

Irisin, a hormone discovered in 2012, has gained attention for its potential role in regulating metabolism and promoting fat burning. This study was conducted on 180 women from Najaf Governorate/Iraq with T2DM who were divided into two main groups: the first group 90 T2DM with vitamin D deficiency and the second group 90 T2DM without vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D and irisin levels were analyzed for the purpose of knowing the effect of vitamin D status on circulating irisin in relation to lipid profile and glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes.The finding of the current study has been signified the effect of vitamin D deficiency may on serum irisin level in T2DM women. The vitamin D-deficient T2DM women had lower irisin levels than normal vitamin D T2DM women consistent with our hypothesis.

The significance of adhesive in the production of bio-briquettes emerges as a pivotal element in attaining success throughout their creation and utilization. Adhesive assumes a central function in consolidating the raw components of bio–briquettes into a dense structure that can be efficiently combusted. The use of adhesives, such as polyvinyl acetate or molasses, affects the physical and chemical properties of bio–briquettes, including their mechanical strength, moisture content, and calorific value. This study aims to optimize the use of adhesives to enhance the durability and performance of bio–briquettes. The optimum result of this research is bio-briquette products that use 67 % polyvinyl acetate adhesive, with a durability of 100 %, moisture content of 3.3 %, density of 1.23 g cm-3, and calorific value of 3 572.67 cal g–1.

Precision farming, encompassing coordinated farming, adaptive landscape farming, and precision farming, represents a scientific paradigm in agricultural production that capitalizes on the inherent variability in soil fertility within localized areas. By tailoring practices to specific soil characteristics, precision farming optimizes profitability through the targeted application of fertilizers and plant protection products. Serving as the epitome of flexible landscape farming, precision farming integrates advanced agricultural technologies to achieve heightened productivity levels. Data collected through precision farming practices informs critical aspects of agricultural management, including strategic planting, precise calculation of input quantities, improved crop forecasting, and enhanced financial planning. Successful implementation of precision farming hinges on a thorough consideration of local soil attributes and climatic conditions, underscoring the importance of site-specific adaptation in modern agricultural strategies.

This study aims to scrutinize the various determinants that influence a nation’s ability to fund and support renewable energy ventures, encompassing factors such as economic stability, regulatory environment, energy demand, and access to capital markets. By drawing on a range of empirical data, financial indicators, and statistical models, this study seeks to determine which factor most potent when predicting financing capacity of a specific country towards renewable. A secondary research using published data by government publications and non-governmental databases is the research method for the present study. The data derived from these databases organized into tables to allow for regression analysis to be conducted to achieve the research objectives. The results from the regression analysis indicate that stock market and inflation rate are significant variables should be included in the predictive model of financing capacity for renewable energy.

Alzheimer’s disease emerges as a profoundly distressing neurological condition affecting older individuals, pre-ending itself as an insufficiently addressed and often overlooked ailment that poses a growing concern for public health. In the past decade, there has been a notable surge in endeavors aimed at unraveling the disease’s origins and devising pharmacological interventions. Recent advancements encompass enhanced clinical diagnostic criteria and refined approaches for managing cognitive impairments and behavioral challenges. The pursuit of symptomatic relief primarily centered on cholinergic therapy has been subject to rigorous scrutiny through randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies assessing cognitive function, daily activities, and behavioral aspects. This research delves into the utilization of diverse algorithms for the classification of Alzheimer’s disease severity, employing CNN, DenseNet, VGG19, and ensemble learning approaches. The obtained accuracy scores underscore the supremacy of the Ensemble model, surpassing the performance of the other models with an impressive accuracy level of 94%.

The current qualitative case study aims at exploring the role of social workers in the provision of support services to families of children and youth with disabilities in Latvia, Slovakia, and Portugal. To get a deeper understanding of the knowledge and lived experiences of professionals, a qualitative research design was used. Using purposive sampling, fifteen participants were identified of which 11 were social workers and 4 other professions. Social workers work closely with other professions to support families of children and youth with disabilities. Even though most of the participants agreed to a face-to-face interview, there were a few who were not able to participate in person due to language and the nature of work; therefore, an online means of gathering the data was used for a few participants. A thematic analysis was used to identify themes in the study that explained the available support and social services to families, which come from both private and public institutions. The study also revealed community-based services (deinstitutionalization) process in these three European countries.

Gerong fish, or Osteochilus waandersii, is a popular freshwater fish among the Jakun tribe in Kampung Peta, Johor National Park of EndauRompin, particularly for its use in traditional medicine to alleviate dizziness by consuming its raw gut. Despite its cultural significance, the genetic and feeding behavior of Gerong fish remains unclear. This study aimed to amplify the mitochondrial DNA barcode region of Gerong fish for genetic identification and to identify its gut content. The DNA barcodes were produced using polymerase chain reaction and single-pass DNA sequencing of partial COI gene, and the gut content was observed using stereo microscope. Several five partial COI gene sequences were successfully obtained after DNA sequencing. In addition, the results of BLAST analysis with percent identities of 96.24% to 97.20% along with the phylogenetic inference of maximum likelihood analyses suggested the Gerong fish as Osteochilus waandersii or the Waanders's hard-lipped barb. The sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession numbers MN223396-MN223400). Microscopic observation of the fish guts revealed undigested worms and digested aquatic mosses, known as lumut batuk. These findings mark a significant step forward in understanding the genetics and feeding behavior of the Gerong fish.

Exploration activities at sea continuously and lack of attention to environmental impacts actually have an impact on marine pollution such as Asphalt leaks in tankers in the North Nias sea in March 2023. Even though there has been a convention on the law of the sea to national legal regulations in Indonesia. The description of the above problems needs to be examined comprehensively in the following discussion, which is then formulated by examining the condition of marine pollution settlement in Indonesia and the legal construction of marine pollution liability in Indonesia. The results of the study show that the condition of marine pollution settlement in Indonesia has yet to be entirely carried out through concrete law enforcement. The disparity in the settlement of environmental pollution shows that there is still weak law enforcement carried out by the Indonesian government. It opens space for marine pollution to continue to recur. If referring to the 1982 UNCLOS and the Law on Ratification of UNCLOS and the PPLH Law, the settlement can be carried out by requesting absolute liability due to acts of pollution carried out by requesting compensation following the Polluter Pays Principle.

This study aims to overcome the impact of increased air pollution due to an increase in the number of motor vehicles, especially due to dependence on fuel oil. The focus of research is the use of banana peels as activated carbon to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions in the hope of providing environmentally friendly alternative solutions to reduce air pollution, utilizing the adsorption properties of banana peels, and using biogasoline to overcome potential fuel crises. The experimental method was used to test the effect of an activated carbon catalytic converter made from banana peel with biogasoline fuel on motorcycle exhaust emissions. The test results showed that the use of catalytic converters with biogasoline fuel tended to reduce carbon monoxide (CO) levels by an average of 18%, compared to standard conditions with pertalite fuel. The results of the Paired Samples T-Test showed a strong correlation with a value of 0.967 and a significance level of 0.033, where a small value of 0.05 means statistically significant.

Thermal energy storage (TES) using phase change materials (PCMs) has been extensively utilized to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems. High-conductive nanofillers have been an effective method to improve PCM's energy efficiency and thermal management systems. This research modifies high-capacity paraffin using graphene nanosheets (GNS) in small weight fractions of 0.2% and 0.6%. Tween 60 and gum Arabic are added to improve the GNS nanofiller's suspension ability. A higher GNS nanofiller of 0.6 wt% contributes to lower transmittance with higher solar energy absorption. However, GNS/paraffin with Tween 60 results in better thermal stability than gum Arabic surfactant. The improved thermal properties show promising results for TES systems in PVT applications.

Flexible dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) possess multiple advantages with wide application and good commercialisation potential. However, the low conversion efficiency of the technology from poor charge transfer and interparticle contact has limited their utilisation. Thus, the research aims to enhance the performance of flexible plastic-based titanium dioxide (TiO2) film via the formation of TiO2-bismuth (Bi) ink for screen-printing of DSSC photoanode film. The implementation of Bi nanoparticles as sintering aid has managed to improve the interparticle contact in the photoanode film with neck formation at the TiO2-Bi interface. This phenomenon has also led to the lowering of resistance values by 57 - 65% with charge transfer resistance of 11.72 kΩ.cm2 and series resistance of 38.28 kΩ.cm2 for the TiO2-Bi photoanode. The recombination reactions were also reduced with longer electron lifetime of 0.0036 ms and enhanced charge transfer. The research has managed to prepare TiO2-Bi ink that would be suitable for the fabrication of flexible DSSC photoanode film via screen printing. Hence, the outcome of the research could potentially lead to the development of highly efficient flexible low temperature DSSC and enhance their commercialisation potential.

This case-control study aimed to assess pathologic alteration in the serum levels of the atherogenic index, cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1c, and glucose in 158 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Erbil international hospital, Erbil, Iraq, between January and May 2020, in the early stage of infection. The patients were confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 on admission. The laboratory test results were compared between this group and a group of healthy individuals (n=158). A statistically significant difference was found between the studied factors in healthy controls and COVID-19 patients, except for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P=0.13). In the case of COVID-19 patients, total levels of cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were significantly lower than controls (P

تعد دراسة الامراض ذات اهمية كبيرة في معرفة مدى انتشارها، وفي عملية الحد من تأثيرها فان امراض الكلى احتلت مرتبة كبيرة في اعداد المصابين بها ومعدلات الاصابة نتيجة لكثير من العوامل، ولقد أثبتت البحث من خلال مسيرته أنّ امراض الكلى تتباين مكانياً من منطقة الى اخرى ومن فترة الى اخرى وهذا راجع الى تباين اسباب الاصابة والبيئة الجغرافية وتباين نسبة التحضر ومدى تركز الصناعات الملوثة في منطقة البحث ، تناول البحث ثمانية امراض هي (1- التهاب الكلية الحاد والسريع التقدم، 2- امراض كبيبية أخرى، 3- التهاب الكلية الانبوبية الخلالية، 4- عجز او فشل الكلية، 5- التحصي البولي، 6- المغص الكلوي، 7- التهاب المثانة، 8- امراض أخرى بالجهاز البولي) وللفترة من (2016 – 2020 م) على مستوى الوحدات الإدارية لمحافظة النجف الاشرف، ان هنالك تباين مكاني وزماني في معدل الاصابات لأمراض الكلى في محافظة النجف الاشرف

تلخصت الدراسة بدراسة العلاقة بين النشاط البشري السائد في مدينة القاسم ،من خلال التركيز على اهم الانشطة التي تعد المصدر الاساسي لتلوث هواء المنطقة وبين نسب ملوثات الهواء التي تم رصدها ،عن طريق الاسلوب الاحصائي (بيرسون) ، وتفصل الملوثات الى غازات وعناصر ثقيلة ، فالغازات هي (CO2 ، CO ، N2O، CH4، NO2، SO2، C2H6O ، CH3)2C)، C2H5)2O) ، C6H6، C3H9N ، PH3 ، HCN ، HF) ،اما العناصر الثقيلة هي (,Fe pb, Cd, Cu, Cr ,Zn, Ni ) ، أما الانشطة البشرية فقد تنوعت في مدينة القاسم والتي تعد مصدراً لتلوث الهواء فيها ، وفي مقدمتها النقل وعدد المولدات الاهلية (الصغيرة والكبيرة) والافران المخابز ،وعدد المساحات الخضراء المنتشرة ضمن قطاعات المدينة وغيرها من العوامل البشرية ذات التأثير المباشر على تلوث هواء المدينة . ، وانتهت الدراسة بمجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات التي من شأنها ان تضع حلول مناسبة من اجل التخلص او التقليل من حجم هذه المشكلة .

The aim of this study is to characterizethe perception of farmers, sheep farming practices and fluorosis mitigation strategies in three rural communesin Khouribga province, Morocco (M’Fassis, El Foqra and OuladAzouz). Individual surveys and workshops were carried out in the three communes from June to August 2018. Farmers agree that the three communes were affected by fluorosis, but with variable degrees. Fluorosis had a negative impact on the saleprice of animals which is depreciatedby 20 to 40%.The most involved factors in fluorosis were the richness of the soil in phosphate, the dust released into the air and contaminated plants. Whereas, the drinking water andthe camp site (El mergued) were not involved in this intoxication. Flock's rearing practices are traditional and consist of raising all categories in a single herd without anyprophylactic programwhatever the category or a physiological stage was. The unique adopted strategy by farmers to cope with the harmful effects of fluorosis was the sale of young animals at 6-12 months and the purchase of rams and ewes (older than 24 months) from fluoride freeareas. In conclusion, even if the farmers in the south of Khouribga consider that fluorosis doesnot represent a problem for their flocks, it remained a real handicap to sheep farming. The animal trade was the only strategy adopted by breeders to cope with fluorosis.

The current study aimed to isolate and identify the bacteria associated with burn wounds and investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern against a group of most commonly prescribed antibiotics. In total, 105 burn wound swabs were collected from burn patients admitted to the burn unit of Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital in Misan City, Iraq. The swabs had been cultured on different media; the colonies were diagnosed based on the phenotypic and culture characteristics. The bacteria were identified through cultural characters and Gram staining diagnosed by VITEK® 2 Compact Automated Systems. In total, there were nine distinct bacterial isolations, of which, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen [20%] followed by Staphylococcus aureus [17.14%], Enterobacter spp.[16.19%], Proteus vulgaris [13.33%], Proteus mirabilis [10.47%], Escherichia coli [7.6%], Klebsiella pneumoniae [6.6%], and at last, Staphylococcus lentus and Aeromonas sobria, which had the same percentage [4.7%].Most isolates showed high resistance to Tobramycin, Trimethoprim, Cephalothin, and Imipenem while isolates mostly had high susceptibility to Amikacin, Cefotaxime, and Ciprofloxacin. Wound burn infection still represents a serious problem for burn patients with many bacteria developing different degrees of resistance to most known antibiotics.

The corner palace of King Faruq I is located on the eastern side of the Nile River, and the fountain in question is located in the palace, which consists of a central octagonal axis that stands out from four facades, four heads of seven are in a perpendicular position, and four human statues are based, two of them for two children and the other for two men who took into account the aesthetic and anatomical proportions.The Helwan Corner Fountain, which is located inside the courtyard of the palace (Rukn Museum in Helwan), is one of the most important and most beautiful designs of archaeological marble fountains in terms of structural and artistic design.Soil mechanics and weathering have played a large role in damaging that fountain, so serious manifestations of damage have appeared, including the decomposition of the surface of the fountain statues and the appearance of some cracks and blooming salts on the surface from the influence of the capillary property in addition to the chemical reaction that occurred as a result of the presence of that fountain in an environment with a high percentage of gases Acid like carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and oxygen in addition to the high rate of evaporation in the region, where the region is considered one of the most important areas of high pollution for an industrial city, which is the city of Helwan.The fountain suffers from a high percentage of minerals appearing in the form of salts and the multiplicity of shapes and sizes of their crystals for their diversity, including sulfur, carbon and chloride minerals, in addition to the influence of mechanical movement of the fossil soil mass (the subject of the research)Where the fountain is eclipsed in the courtyard of the palace in an industrial area, which is Al Tebeen, where factories abound without a filter to purify the air of the resulting gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and others.In addition to the traffic from heavy and light trucks on the adjacent roads, which leads to damage to the fountain through the movement of soil.

ان الدولة المعاصرة كيان قانوني سياسي يعبر عن ارادة اجتماعية، وليس امام هذه الدولة كي تحقق تلك الارادة الا ان تكون قانونية، وذلك من خلال وجود سلطة مؤسساتية مستقلة محتكرة لكل الوسائل المادية التي تمكنها من فرض هيبتها في اطار الدستور، الى جانب وجود الدستور ومبدأ الفصل بين السلطات والرقابة القضائية، واتقان السلطة لادارة التنوع المجتمعي ووجود تعددية حزبية تمكن من مشاركة سياسية حقيقة

Le phénomène d'urbanisation chaotique est l'un des plus grands dilemmes auxquels sont confrontés les pays, en particulier les pays en développement. Il est vrai qu'une personne est libre de disposer de ses biens immobiliers et de son droit de concevoir sa construction. Il ne fait aucun doute que ce chaos urbain provoque diverses raisons. Ces raisons ont affecté: l'ingénierie, l'esthétique et les divisions des villes, et aussi sur le plan social, moral, sanitaire, culturel, sécuritaire, économique et administratif. Ce qui a fait de toutes ces raisons qui se chevauchent le sujet du droit, de la justice, de l'administration, des citoyens et des ingénieurs, pour rechercher des solutions possibles.

The person wishing to build must adhere to the legal provisions predetermined by the legislation regulating urbanization and related to the building permit in terms of conditions for obtaining the building permit, whether these conditions relate to the request for leave, which is a preliminary and necessary procedure that must be followed by the person concerned with the leave in terms of submitting the leave request and the procedures that This request or the conditions related to the subject of the permit, i.e. construction works subject to this permit, pass by because the building permit is one of the most administrative means regulating one of the constitutional rights, which is the right of ownership guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005 B Item (first) of Article (23) must be stipulated by stipulating that (private property is protected, and the owner has the right to use it, exploit it and dispose of it, within the limits of the law), and item (second) of Article (27) by saying (is regulated by law, provisions relating to the preservation of state property And its management and the conditions for disposal thereof, and the limits within which it is not permissible to dispose of any of these funds), so the public interest, especially those that relate to construction, is what the legislator has hoped to interfere with by setting rules for this building and one of the most important of these rules is granting the building permit as it has become in most countries of the world One of the main means of respecting the rules for organizing and preserving the cultural character of cities is why Prevent the random construction that affects the health, aesthetic, and social aspects of residential areas, industrial and commercial areas. Therefore, we find that the Iraqi legislator has worked hard to put some texts in the regular and subsidiary legislation to address this issue, including the Municipal Administration Law No. (165) for the year 1964, as amended, and the Roads and Buildings System No. (44) for the year 1935, and the legislator was not satisfied with that, especially after the spread of the random construction phenomenon in The cities of Iraq in a manner that violates the foundations and controls of urban planning in a manner that represents a serious transgression of regulations and instructions. Therefore, we find that he issued specialized instructions for that which is the building permits system No. (2) for the year 2016, and if he violates those provisions, he becomes subject to legal accountability by the administration, and therefore has the right to impose an administrative penalty. Or non-management The goal of appropriate criminal or civil of the penalty.

Multi-criteria decision-making methods are used to solve decision-making problems in many areas in line with certain criteria, to rank alternatives and to select the best alternative. More than one system can be used in the same selection or sorting problems and the results of the methods used may vary. In such a case, presenting the results as a common solution would be easier to decide. In this study, ranking results obtained from TOPSIS, GIA, VIKOR and MOORA reference point methods which serve the same purpose were integrated with Copeland method and were made into a single ranking. The integrated result was compared with the results obtained from COPRAS MOORA and ARAS methods and the reliability was tested. In the methods, 23 OECD countries were taken as alternatives. Five generally accepted criteria from the World Bank database were used as benchmarks for the ranking of these countries. The results of the highly correlated TOPSIS, GIA and VIKOR methods have the same high correlation with the integrated results. The MOORA Reference point method, which has a low adaptation between the methods, has low alignment with the integrated ranking results. At the same time, the results obtained from COPRAS, MOORA and ARAS methods not included in the integration were found to be highly compatible with the calculated integrated order. Therefore, it can be said that the integration process approximates the methods that sort according to the specific reference value by the methods that are not affected by the specific reference value.

Landslides, which can cause fatalities, property damage, and economic disruption, are some of the most catastrophic natural disasters in hilly areas. Researchers have created landslide susceptibility maps to forecast rainfall-induced landslides, particularly in hill site developments. A physically based model is more familiar in rainfall-induced landslide analysis, which consists of hydrological and infinite slopestability models. This paper discusses the susceptibility of rainfall-induced landslides through four approaches: shallow landslide stability model, stability index mapping, transient rainfall infiltration, gridbased regional slope-stability model, and Yon-Sey slope model. The basic concepts, applications and limitations of each model are highlighted. SINMAP and SHALTAB do not consider the infiltration and groundwater flow temporally compared to TRIGRS and YS models. Nonetheless, TRIGRS solely considers 1-dimensional infiltration versus time without spatially compromising groundwater flow. Besides, YS-Slope considers regional and temporal distributions of fluctuations in groundwater variations, which can predict shallow and deep-seated failure. Further exploration needs to be carried out due to the limitations of applying these four models, which are applicable to simple landslide processes in relatively homogenous and suitable geomorphology and geology conditions.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is commonly perceived as a catalyst for fostering economic growth in recipient nations. Nevertheless, new research findings indicate that multinational corporations may employ a specific approach to exporting pollution from nations with rigorous environmental regulations to emerging countries with less stringent legislation. This research investigates the influence of FDI on the environmental conditions of 80 developing nations from 2000 to 2019. The study employs the Least Squares Dummy Variable Corrected (LSDVC) methodology to analyse the data. The findings suggest that there exists a direct correlation between the influx of FDI and the occurrence of environmental contamination within developing nations. Nevertheless, it has been shown that there exists a noteworthy positive correlation between FDI and environmental deterioration, specifically in the case of nations classified as upper-middle-income nations. Furthermore, the findings substantiate a noteworthy correlation between the deterioration of the environment and the expansion of the economy, FDI, energy consumption, and population density. The findings of this study provide empirical support for the presence of both the Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) and the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in middle-income nations. Additionally, this study offers recommendations aimed at assisting developing countries in their efforts to address environmental degradation.

There is growing effort by Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to increase renewable energy in their energy mix in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) associated with fossil fuel energy consumption. Biomass energy is one of the renewable energy sources that has the potential to help mitigate carbon dioxide emissions in the ASEAN region considering its abundance and the current rise in its consumption. This study aims to empirically investigate whether the growing consumption of biomass energy contributes to lowering CO2 emissions in the region. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of biomass energy use on CO2 emission in ASEAN region over the 1990–2020 period. To achieve this objective, panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) was employed and the estimated result revealed that biomass energy use marginally decreases CO2 emission in the region. This finding implies that increasing and improving supply of clean biomass energy in the region’s energy mix can help to mitigate CO2 emission by significant portion. Consequently, several policy recommendations were suggested, which include advancing the use of technology to increase and improve biomass energy supply to various sectors of the region’s economy to substitute significant portion of conventional fuel in productive activities.

Coastal severe erosion has been detected on the beaches of Cherating, causing disruption to the coastal ecosystem and diminishing the aesthetic appeal that attracts visitors. To prevent further harm to the coast, it is necessary to enhance sustainable coastal management practices. However, the implementation of such measures can be expensive. To ensure the success of improved sustainable coastal management, it is important to secure public funding, possibly through one-time donations, to cover the capital costs of the improvement project. Therefore, obtaining the acceptance of visitors regarding the enhanced sustainable coastal management in Cherating Beach is crucial. This study aimed to assess visitor acceptance based on three objectives: (i) determining the visitors’ level of awareness regarding the issue of coastal erosion at Cherating Beach, (ii) estimating the extent of visitors’ willingness-to-pay towards the improvement of sustainable coastal management in Cherating Beach, and (iii) identifying the key factors influencing visitors’ willingness-to-pay towards the improvement of sustainable coastal management in Cherating Beach. A sample of 385 visitors in Cherating was surveyed using an open-ended contingent valuation method questionnaire using convenience sampling. The analysis included descriptive analysis, estimation of visitors’ willingness-to-pay and binary logistic regression. The main findings revealed that the majority of visitors had a high level of awareness regarding coastal erosion in Cherating Beach. In terms of willingness-to-pay, visitors indicated a willingness-to-pay RM 13.15 per person as a one-time donation for implementing sustainable coastal management. The findings also demonstrated that visitors with higher education levels were more likely to donate towards improving sustainable coastal management. Overall, the visitors’ feedback was positive, suggesting that providing this acceptance information to the Kuantan City Council and the Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Pahang, could be beneficial in implementing strategies for sustainable coastal management in Cherating Beach.

The research aimed to identify probable groundwater zones by integrating GIS, remote sensing, and AHP techniques. Given the rising demand for water resources due to population growth and economic expansion, groundwater resources are vital. The paper presented a comprehensive approach to achieving this goal. Integrating geographic information systems with analytic hierarchy processes is demonstrated to obtain precise decision-making information through transforming geographical data and weightage ranking. The present study has identified seven principal criteria controlling parameters significantly impacting groundwater occurrence. These criteria have been derived from analysing satellite imagery, existing maps, and data sources. The abovementioned variables encompass drainage density, elevation, annual precipitation, slope gradient, land use and land cover. The overlay-weighted sum method maps the potential groundwater zones in the research area by incorporating all thematic criteria. The groundwater potential index map has identified various zones with differing levels of groundwater potential, ranging from very low (1.61%, low (1.81%), moderate (2.66%), high (22.59%) and very high (71.33%). Ultimately, the mean groundwater level information obtained from five wells in the study area is employed to authenticate the map depicting the potential groundwater zones. This research discusses the significant implications that need to be considered for sustainable groundwater exploration in the area.

The phenomena of kinematics are a physics concept that is close to the daily life of students. However, most students do not realize this and often ignore it. As a result, when testing their understanding of kinematics using contextual examples (cases in the coastal area), it shows that many students have low achievements. Several studies have been carried out regarding students’ understanding of kinematics. However, there is still limited identification of kinematics understanding of physics students at the university in coastal area. This study purposed to discover the conceptual understanding of the kinematics of physics students in a public university. This research was a descriptive survey that involved 129 physics students in the department of physics at Universitas Negeri Padang who tested using kinematics questions. The data obtained was analysed quantitative-descriptive. The results showed that about 26% of students have good understanding of kinematics, 6% of students have misconceptions, and 68% of students have no understanding. In conclusion, physics students still struggle to solve kinematics problems, particularly in identifying motion through a graph.

The leve of nutrients in the treated effluent should be maintained at a low level to mitigate the rapid algal bloom and the associated risks in the receiving water bodies. Electrocoagulation (EC) was proven to be an effective method to remove a broad range of impurities in different water matrices. This study evaluated the EC technique as a polishing step for the treated effluent targeting phosphate, nitrate, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). A factorial design was implemented to evaluate the effects of two factors (voltage, and treatment time) at three levels (high, centre, and low) on the EC process. Two electrode types (Fe and Al) performances were compared. The results revealed that both electrodes were capable of high removal of phosphate (100%) from the treated effluent within 10 minutes for both tested voltages 3 and 5 volts. However, the nitrate showed a high persistence for both electrode types and the removal never exceed 10%. Interestingly, aluminum electrodes achieved higher removal (54.5%) of DOC compared to 25.7% by iron electrodes. The main drawback of using the iron electrode was its contribution to the original turbidity which makes it less favourable compared to the Al electrode. The results of this study revealed that the aluminum-based EC process could achieve the target level of nutrient removal without compromising the water quality.

Particulate matter (PM10) is one of the key indicator of air quality index (API) during high particulate event (HPE). PM10 can cause adverse effect on human health and environment; hence, it is important to develop a reliable and accurate predictive model to be used as forecasting tool to alarm the citizen especially during HPE. This study aims to develop a modified Quantile Regression (QR) model to forecast the PM10 concentration during HPE in Malaysia. The performances of three predictive models namely Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Quantile Regression (QR) and a modified QR models i.e. combination of QR with Relief-based were compared. The hourly dataset of PM10 concentration with other gaseous pollutants and weather parameters at Klang from the year with severe haze event in Malaysia (1997, 2005, 2013 and 2015) were obtained from Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. Three performance measures namely Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Normalised Absolute Error (NAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the predictive models. This study found that the Relief-QR model showed the best performance compared to MLR and QR models. The prediction of future PM10 concentration is very important because it can aid the local authorities to implement precautionary measures to limit the impact of air pollution.

High Particulate Events (HPE) contributes to the deterioration of air quality, as the fine particles present can be inhaled, leading to respiratory diseases and other health problem. Knowing the adverse effects of air pollution episodes to human health, it is crucial to create suitable models that can effectively and accurately predict air pollution concentration. This study proposed a hybrid model for forecasting the next day PM10 concentration in peninsular Malaysia namely Shah Alam, Nilai, Bukit Rambai and Larkin. Hourly air pollutant concentration (PM10, NOx, NO2, SO2, CO, O3) and meteorological parameters (RH, T, WS) during the HPE events in 1997, 2005, 2013 and 2015 were used. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Quantile Regression (QR) was combined to construct a hybrid models (SVM-QR) to reduce the number of input variables. Performance indicators such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Index of Agreement (d2) were used to evaluate the performance of the predictive models. SVM-QR model resulted good performance in all areas. SVM-3 was selected as the best model at Bukit Rambai (MAE=5.72, RMSE=9.71) and Shah Alam (MAE=11.89, RMSE=22.66), while SVM-1 as the best model at Larkin and Nilai with the value (MAE=7.22, RMSE=13.38) and (MAE=6.88, RMSE=11.84), respectively. This strategy was proven to help reducing the complexity of the model and enhance the predictive capacity of the model.

The disease curly leaves (Taphrina deformans Berk.) leads to a weakening of the nectarine plant, a decrease in its yield. This study was conducted in order to study the resistance to this disease of new cultivars of nectarines for Azerbaijan, such as Redhaven, Gardeta and Luciano. 15 fruit-bearing trees of each cultivar were taken under observation at the experimental farm of the Research Institute of Fruit and Tea Growing, located near the city of Guba. It was found that the period from the beginning to the end of flowering in varieties is the same – 9 days in 2021 and 14 in 2022. The beginning of leaf bud blooming in 2021 fell on 18-19.III, in 2022 – on 23-24.III. Although in 2021 nectarines of all varieties bloomed 5 days earlier (23-24.III) than in 2022, in the first year the fruits of all varieties ripened in mid-July, in the second - at the end of June (Redhaven and Gardeta) and at the end of the first decade of July (Luciano). In 2022, Redhaven and Gardeta's leaves began to fall 5 and 3 days later, and Luciano's leaves began to fall a month earlier (25.XI) than in 2021. According to the degree of prevalence of curly leaves, the cultivars are arranged in the following order: Luciano 4.6%, Gardeta 4.9% and Redhaven 5.2%. The results obtained help to better understand the characteristics of new varieties of nectarines for the region.

Several widespread debris flow disasters stroke Peninsular Malaysia in between 2021 and 2022, scattered across the country. It was the first time for this hazard being nationally recognised as a type of geological disaster in the country. Debris flow disaster is not a new phenomenon. It had been recorded since 1995, however, in the past they were isolated incidents and did not attract much attention. The recent widespread debris flow disasters started in Gunung Jerai, Kedah on 18 August 2021; followed by similar incidents but in 3 different states concurrently in (1) Bentong, Pahang, (2) Hulu Langat, Selangor, and (3) Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan on 18 December 2021; Kenyir, Terengganu on 27 February 2022; and finally at Gunung Inas, Kedah on 4 July 2022. These disasters sparked numerous technical and social issues where heated debates on whether they were purely due to natural processes or caused anthropogenic activities. Previously, debris flow phenomena in Malaysia were so rare, that the term ‘debris flow’ was not familiar to the lay public. The term of “debris flow” was often disregard or used interchangeable with ‘water surge’ phenomena by the media and public, especially for sudden sediment water surge from hilly upstream after intense rainfall at hillside river catchment areas, normally occurs during the monsoon season. The ordinary water surge has significantly lesser level of destruction and momentum as compared to a debris flow with higher debris-type sediments. This paper discusses the emerging issues of debris flow in Malaysia and some initiatives being carried out in in facing the geohazard. The Department of Mineral and Geoscience Malaysia and a team of local geohazard experts have taken the lead to carry out studies to understand the sudden emergence of widespread and cascading debris flow events in Malaysia. As a result, proposal on policy intervention was put forward to the relevant government ministries; post-disaster programme has been continuously carried out to educate the communities on the geological disaster risks through community-based disaster risk management (CBDRM).

There is significant evidence that the COVID-19 virus may be spread by inhaling aerosols leading to risk of infections across indoor environments. Having said that, it is clear that the formulation of indoor air quality (IAQ) needs to be carefully examined. In general, IAQ can be controlled by proper ventilation system across buildings. Nevertheless, different buildings require different mechanistic approaches and it may not be an effective solution for the buildings. Thus, statistical approaches have great potential to evaluate the IAQ in real occupied buildings. Numerous machine learning (ML) techniques were introduced to forecast the indoor environmental risk across buildings. However, there is inadequate data available on how well these ML techniques perform in indoor environments. Recurrent neural network (RNN) is a ML technique that deals with sequential data or time series data. However, the RNN model gradient tends to explode and vanish, leading to inaccurate prediction outcomes. Therefore, this study presents the development of a time based prediction model, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with adaptive gated recurrent units for the prediction of IAQ. Using an advanced LSTM model, the study focuses on the performance of the prediction accuracy and the loss during training and validation. Also, the developed model will be assessed with other RNN models for data validation and comparisons. A set of particulate matter (PM2.5) dataset from commercial buildings is assessed, preprocessed and clean to ensure quality prediction outcomes. This study demonstrates the performance of the hybrid LSTM model to remember past information, minimize gradient error and predict the future data precisely, ensuring a healthier indoor building environment.

Using Robots and Artificial Intelligence programs in different sectors generates considerable difficulties especially with regard to the attribution of liability for the actions of such programs, and whether or not the current law adequately accommodates the unique aspects of Artificial intelligence technology. This study thus explores the most recent challenges raised by artificial intelligence technology, or those which might arise if such technology evolves, or is commonly used on a larger scale. Furthermore, it examines the national and international legal framework regulating artificial intelligence and address the issue of what the law ought to be in order to adequately accommodate the ethical challenges associated with the adoption and use of artificial intelligence technologies in our normal lives.

الاعمال المنافية للعفة هي اعمال ذمها الله سبحانه و تعالي و اعتبرها ذنوبا و اجراما. من خصائص هذه الاعمال هي عدم مشروعيتها و منافاتها للنقاء والصحة الاجتماعية. ان الله سبحانه و تعالي يكتفي بذكر ثلاثة من المصاديق التي تترتب عليها الحدود و هي الزنا واللواط والقذف، ثم يذكر سبب تجريمها بصورة عامة او خاصة، و انه و من اجل بيانها يعطيها صفة الفاحشة و الفحشا. ان أسس التجريم العامة التي جاءت في القرآن في شأن هذه الاعمال هي حفظ الكرامة الانسانية للبشر و لزوم جلب المصلحة و دفع المفسدة(والتي تؤخذ بعين الاعتبار) في وتيرة تشريع الاحكام؛ كما ان مخالفة هذه الاعمال مع الطبيعة البشرية و وجوب المحافظة علي الوجود الاسري والممانعة عن انقطاع النسل والابتعاد عن الاسراف هي من جملة الأسس الاختصاصية التي تسبب تجريم هذه الاعمال.

إن القضية الفلسطينية قد هزّت مشاعر المسلمين هزّاً عنيفاً، فسالت دموعهم عليها دماً و اتقدت بسببها جذوات الحزن و الحسرة في جوانحهم المشعلة. و الشعراء كسائر أبناء الوطن العربي تأثروا بهذه القضية و قاموا في شتى أنحاء وطنهم بتخليد هذه المأساة. أما من هؤلاء الشعراء الذين تأثّروا بالقضية الفلسطينية و أنشدوا القصائد الغراء في الدفاع عن استقلال الأرض المقدسة و حرية الشعب الفلسطيني، الشاعرين العراقيين احمد الوائلي و محمد مهدي الجواهري. إنّ الشاعرين العراقيين بالرغم من الإختلاف الموجود في شتى مضامينهم الشعرية، نراهم يتخذون منهجاً واحداً تجاه الغصب الصهيوني و الدفاع عن ابناء جلدتهم. في هذا المجال إتّجه الوائلي بمعالجة القضية، إتجاهاً عربياً إسلاميّاً و حاول أن يصوِّر المأساة للعرب و المسلمين كمشكلةٍ لا يمكن حلّها إلّا بالوقوف صفاً واحداً إلى جنب الشعب الفلسطيني الجريح. و أما الجواهري كان يعتقد بأنَّ الطريق الوحيد أمام أمَّته هو القتال، و كان ينتقد زيف إدعائات العرب بالتزام السلام و ضبط النفس و ينتقد الإسلام أيضاًلتسامحه و تساهله أمام الأعداء.

مما لاشك فيه أنّه من الأهداف السامية و الأساسية في الاسلام هو تطبيق العدالة و القسط في المجتمع؛ فعلي هذا الأساس أسّست منظومة اسلامية سُمّيت بالقضاء الاسلامي، في الساحة التي تلعب فيها الحكومة السلامية دورا. والدليل علي ذلك أنّه من الخصائص التي تعتبر من خلالها المنظومة القضائية بأنها عادلة هو شمولها ضوابط و قوانين تمكنها من أن تصبح قابلة لتطبيق العدالة في القضاء الاسلامي والمحاكمات؛ و من أجل الدور الأساسي الذي تلعبه طريقة المحاكمات في تضمين العدالة، لذلك قد أكد في الشريعة الاسلامية علي القضاء و كيفية صدور أحكامها بصورة عادلة، و أنّ القضاء اعتبر أحد شئون الامام المعصوم و الحاكم العادل الذي يتولّي الحكم الاسلامي؛ لذلك فإن أحد المباحث المهمة في القضاء الاسلامي هو كيفية تطبيق العدالة في وتيرة المحاكمات. إنّ في هذا المقال و من أجل تعريف المنظومة القضائية في المحاكمات الاسلامية والتركيز علي عدالتها و انصافها و بالاستفادة من المصادر الأربعة (الكتاب، السنة، العقل، الاجماع) سندرس المباديء الأساسية في القضاء الاسلامي و ذلك بالاتّكاء علي اسلوب التوصيف والتحليل. هذه المباديء هي عبارة عن: العدالة والانحيادية في وتيرة المحاكمات، استقلال القاضي، مبدأ عدم اطالة المحاكمات، عدم اعتبارية الاعتراف و الشهادة واليمين عند أحد غير القاضي، الاحالة المباشرة والحضور أمام القاضي و اصدار الحكم طبقا للموازين الاسلامية

لظاهرة غسيل الأموال، اليوم علاوة علي الاستشهاد بالآيات والروايات، استشهاد آخر هوالاستشهاد ببعض القواعد الفقهية.كثير من هذه القواعد، مع ما أنها تستخرج من مجموعة الآيات والروايات،لكن بسبب موافقتها مع سيرة العقلاء والآراء المحمودة والجانب الارشادي أو التكميلي في الآيات والروايات المرتبطة بها،نضجت طوال العصور وتشعّبت منها فروعاً مختلفة وأصبحت قواعد رئيسة، لهذا اعتبرها الكاتب في هذه المقالة اصلاً دليلاُ فقهيا برأسها أمام سائر الأدلة. فهذه المقالة التي اعتمدت في بحثها علي اسلوب التوصيفي التحليلي تحاول أن تجيب علي هذا السؤال؛كيف تعامل ظاهرة غسيل الأموال في القواعد الفقهية؟ للإجابة لهذا السؤال، ينبغي أن نقول:بعض القواعد الفقهية كنفي الضرر وحفظ المصالح،والمنافع العامة للمجتمع تعد جميع أبعاد غسيل الأموال ومراحلها وحالاتها جريمة صريحة وفي المقابل بعض تلك القواعد،تعدها جريمة ضمنيةً يشتمل فاعلها أو الفاعلون علي عقاب مدني وجنائي. لهذا ينبغي لجميع المسئولين المعنيين أن يكافحوها ويقوم بتدوين القوانين المناسبة لقلع جذورها .

يعكس شعر المقاومة الألم والمعاناة التي عانيها أهل الأرض أو المناطق من الحرب والاستعمار والطغيان والاختناق خلال فترة من الزمن. في هذا المجال ، لم يكن الشعراء الملتزمون والثوريون أبدًا غير مبالين بظروف مجتمعهم وأدت مخاوفهم إلى خلق مفاهيم وصور للقصائد الثورية. ما فتئ البلدان الإيراني والعراق يراقبان لفترة طويلة بسبب أهميتهما ، وجشع الأجانب والأحداث السياسية والاجتماعية المختلفة ، وقد ثابر شعبان هذه الأراضي على الدفاع عن أرضهما وقيمهما. يؤكد التشابه الثقافي والعلاقات الوثيقة ووجود اختلافات عرقية ودينية مختلفة على ضرورة فحص شعراء هاتين الأرضين. وبالتالي ، ومن هذا المنظور يشاركه العديد من قصائد احمد نجفي. لهذين الشعراء موضوعات مثل حب الوطن ، فلسطين ، الشهادة ، مدح براعة المقاتلين ، أمل النصر ، دعوة للقتال ، ذكر جرائم العدو و ... لأن جمهور الشاعر هو استدامة عامة الناس ، فإن أسلوب شعر الشعر بسيط وطلاقة ، مليء بالعاطفة والقومية ، من أجل فهم أفضل للرسالة. أيضا ، فإن لغة السخرية والاستعارة في قصائد صافي النجفي لديها أكثر من ذلك. الصور الخيالية في شعر الشاعرين بعيدة عن التكلف ، وغالبا ما تكون التشبيهات والاستعارات ملموسة ومفهومة بطريقة شبه بسيطة

يعد العنوان من اهم عتبات النص، فهو يوحي للقارئ بمكنونات النص، لذا عدَّ البوابة الرئيس للنص. وقد إقتضى علينا في هذا البحث دراستة العنوان وانماطه في شعر البدراني؛ نظرا لتعدد اشكال هذه العنوانات التي جاءت اسمية تارة وفعلية تارة اخرى. وقد عملت هذه الدراسة على بيان اهمية العنوان بالنسبة للنص اولا, وبالنسبة للقارئ ثانيا, من خلال بيان وظائفها المتعلقة بكل من النص والمتلقي. فضلا عن بيان وتوضيح الانماط التي جاءت بها في ديوان (رباعيات لم تكتمل)، من عنوانات رئيسية وفرعية, وكيف دخلت هذه العنوانات في تناص مع النص, ومع مرجعيات تقع خارج النص. فبينت هذه الدراسة العلاقة الوثيقة التي تربط العنوان بالنص والقارئ. ومدى اختزال هذه العنوانات للأحداث والوقائع التي تحدث في جواني النص, والمستوحاة من التجربة الحياتية الخاصة بالشاعر, لذا عدَّ العنوان نصاً مختزلاً لما في المتن. وقد حظيت تقنية العنوان باهتمام النقاد والدارسين المحدثين ولاسيما الغربيين؛ كونه الواجهة الاعلامية للنص, فهو يساهم في تفسير وتفكيك مغالق النص بدلائلهِ وايحاءاته ووظائفه المتعددة. لذا إهتم المؤلفون بعناوين كتاباتهم ونمقوها لتحمل أكبر قدرمن الدلالات والايحاءات, لذا عد العنوان اهم اركان النص.