267 results on '"Roman period"'
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2. Grylloi: A Being with Mixed Depictions from Konya
- Author
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Nizam Abay
- Subjects
grylloi ,roman period ,mixed being ,typologies ,talisman ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
This study is based on a mixed figure on a ring stone from the Roman period (1st – 2nd. century AD) preserved in the Konya Archaeology Museum. This figure is seen as a combination of four elements: a horse protome, a Silenus mask body, rooster feet and a ram’s head. This depiction, which is encountered in different typologies in Antiquity, is called Grylloi. A Greek-Roman word, widely used on ring stones since the 1st century BC, this depiction is also known by other names such as mask-animal, multi-headed creatures and fantastic concoction. These beings, usually depicted on oval rings with easily workable jasper stones, were thought to be worn as talismans or amulets with an apotropaic function. In this way, they were probably intended to ward off evil, possibly as amulets. more...
- Published
- 2024
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3. Trois nouveaux noms nord-africains transcrits en latin : Iarvacchius, Lemlamitanus et Amizauan, d’après des sources épigraphiques récemment découvertes en Algérie
- Author
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Zouhir Bakhouche
- Subjects
latin epigraphy ,onomastic practices ,numidian country ,libyco-berber ,roman period ,Language and Literature - Abstract
Three recently discovered Latin inscriptions have just enriched the epigraphic and onomastic folder of two ancient sites in Algeria. Two of these three documents (comprising votive texts) were unearthed during a clandestine excavation at the site of “Henchir El-Qsiba” (the ancient Civitas Popthensis), located 64 km northeast of Souk Ahras. In addition, a third funerary stele has been found in a location known as "El-Zaouia" in "Djebel Chechar" (south of Khenchela) after June 2018’s heavy rains. First, a succinct overview of the two sites will be included in this paper. After that, we shall handle the information pertaining to every one of the unpublished steles using an archaeo-descriptive approach, to which we have added the lecture of three (03) inscriptions, according to a methodology proper for the epigraphist. Furthermore, a number of previously unknown names to the onomastic lists of African names recorded in Latin during the Roman period were the subject of a specific investigation, they are in fact : two anthroponyms : IARVACCHIUS (Gentilicium), AMIZAUAN (unique name) and one ethnonym (unicum) : LEMLAMITANI. more...
- Published
- 2024
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4. Lămpile de la Histria. I. Lămpi romane timpurii din Sectorul Sud al cetății Histria
- Author
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Bocan. I. and Dabâca, M.
- Subjects
histria ,lamps ,roman period ,workshops ,stamps ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The analysis was made upon a set of 27 pieces that had been discovered in the South Sector during the archaeological campaigns carried out between 2003 and 2020. In the study were included the pieces from the early Roman period. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to provide an overview of a group of previously unpublished Early Roman lamps. The occurrence of a unique lamp mark on the territory of Romanian Dobrudja is also reported. Given the circumstances that this category received little attention within the published materials, provide an important contribution to a future endeavour to gather all the available artifacts in a corpus dedicated to Histria’s lamps more...
- Published
- 2023
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5. Castrele romane din sud-vestul Daciei. O trecere în revistă și o actualizare
- Author
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Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu, and Călin Timoc
- Subjects
roman period ,roman army ,dacia ,roman frontiers ,fortifications ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
This is a short review of the latest results of the archaeological excavations and noninvasive investigations carried out in the Roman forts from the south-western part of Roman Dacia. We want to provide an up to date overview and the unified technical features of these forts. We consider the updating of the bibliographic informations and of the available images and cartographic data and useful tool for further researches or for developing new scientific and archaeological projects. This overview follows the same pattern as the peridiocally reports on different areas of the Roman Empire, published in the proceedings of the International Limes Congresses. After the report published by Doina Benea in the proceedings of the International Limes Congress from Zalău in 1999, updated in a book on the history of the Banat region during antiquity in 2016, Eduard Nemeth published several important synthesis. more...
- Published
- 2023
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6. Archaeological explorations at ‘En Qobi in the Jerusalem Highlands and the identification of Qube/Qubi
- Author
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Boaz Zissu
- Subjects
‘en qobi ,waterworks ,roman period ,refuge cave ,frankish church ,frescoes ,jerusalem highlands ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The article presents the results of archaeological excavations and surveys undertaken at and near the spring of ‘En Qobi. ‘En Qobi is a spring in the upper reaches of Nahal Qobi, a tributary of Nahal Refai’m, West of Jerusalem. There is evidence of human activity near the spring from the Bronze Age to the present – a span of approximately 3,000 years. The article presents and discusses (a) the spring and its water system; (b) partial excavations and the preservation of the interior of the medieval church located near the spring; (c) H. Tasit and a nearby refuge cave, both located west of the spring; (d) H. Qobi, situated east of the spring. Our team cleaned the water system, which consists of a long spring tunnel, a large underground reservoir, an open pool and other elements typical of systems used to tap spring water in the Judean Hills. This system was apparently built in the Early Roman period, was renovated again and again and remained in use until recent times. The medieval church has a rectangular nave, oriented east-west with well-preserved ashlar walls. The inner walls were covered with polychrome frescoes. Elbow columns topped with capitals, characteristic of Frankish (Crusader) architecture in the Jerusalem area, were found in situ on the northern and eastern walls. Our funds permitted only a partial excavation of some portions of the inner walls. Inadequate funding prevented a full excavation of the church walls and floors, so the construction phases of the structure were not fully clarified. Tasit is a relatively small site, apparently an agricultural estate from the Roman and Byzantine periods. Unfortunately, the site was looted extensively in the past. On the nearby slope we detected and explored a small karstic cave that was apparently used for refuge purposes in the first – second centuries CE. Qobi is a small, ruined village located on a prominent hilltop above the spring. Without extensive excavation it is difficult to ascertain its function and past. An underground olive press and some looted tombs on the slopes were explored. Pottery and finds from the Late Hellenistic, Early Roman, Byzantine, Medieval, Ottoman and British Mandate periods were collected. ‘En Qobi has been identified as Qobi, a location near Bethar mentioned in a story in the Babylonian Talmud (Sanhedrin 95a) and in additional Roman-period, late antique and medieval sources. The article describes the sites and discusses their historical-geographical significance and identification. more...
- Published
- 2023
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7. Exploitation of Marine Shells at Roman Jerash (Jordan)
- Author
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Bellal Abuhelaleh, Adnan Shiyyab, Kevin Lidour, and David S. Reese
- Subjects
Jerash ,Roman period ,Marine shells ,Ancient history ,D51-90 ,History of the arts ,NX440-632 - Abstract
The Jerash archaeological site holds great significance as one of the most prominent Roman sites in the Middle East. In our research paper, we present an assortment of marine shells discovered in the northern region of the Jerash archaeological site during the University of Jordan’s excavations from 2017 to 2019. We analyze the shells to determine their species. Additionally, we document the human modifications of the shells in order to reconstruct their possible use. The number of shells is small, but their value is heightened by the variety of species represented and the human modifications observed. The most frequently found shell are 12 murex (11 are Bolinus brandaris). Some shells exhibit perforations, which could be attributed to various purposes such as adornments, the production of cosmetics, or souvenirs. more...
- Published
- 2023
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8. More Precious than Gas? An Unexpected discovery in the Northeastern Funerary Area of Noviodunum
- Author
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Radu-Octavian STĂNESCU, Cristinel PLANTOS, Sorin-Cristian AILINCĂI, Mihai CONSTANTINESCU, Florian MIHAIL, and Aurel-Daniel STĂNICĂ
- Subjects
lower danube ,archaeology ,noviodunum ,roman period ,burial ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The paper analyses several archaeological features discovered during an excavation performed on the outskirts of Isaccea, during the summer of 2018, in the easternmost part of the Noviodunum archaeological site. Of the three documented features, two are funerary structures: one is a pit in which cremation remains and grave goods were deposited, while the other is either a ‘deviant’ burial, or a secondary burial of a part of the skeleton. The last feature offered inconclusive results. The grave goods discovered are numerous and diverse: different types of pottery, as well as metal artefacts. Thus, the following information completes the repertoire of funerary discoveries from Noviodunum and the northern part of the Roman province of Moesia Inferior. more...
- Published
- 2023
9. From Roman industrial center to early Islamic town: archaeological excavations at ʻMarea’/Philoxenite in the 2020–2021 season
- Author
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Mariusz Gwiazda, Tomasz Derda, and Tomasz Barański
- Subjects
Egypt ,Roman period ,Byzantine period ,churches ,town ,graves ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Being one of the biggest and best preserved archaeological sites in the western hinterland of Alexandria, ‘Marea’/Philoxenite is, therefore, one of the most important points of reference for studies of the Mareotis region. Despite the fact that the site has been investigated for many years, by various excavation teams, the nature and chronology of the different phases of settlement remain unclear. Since 2018, systematic stratigraphic excavations have been carried out at the site with the aim of investigating insufficiently studied parts of the settlement. In 2020 and 2021, this goal was achieved by opening and surveying 11 trenches in the southwestern part of the site. This led to the identification of hitherto unknown structures: two churches, two tombs, an irrigation system and numerous rubbish dumps associated with the Roman, Byzantine and early Islamic phases. The study also determined the extent and functional changes of various parts of this settlement, in different historical periods. more...
- Published
- 2022
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10. Alexandria, Kom el-Dikka, season 2021
- Author
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Grzegorz Majcherek
- Subjects
Egypt ,Alexandria ,Kom el-Dikka ,Roman period ,Byzantine period ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Excavations of the central part of the Kom el-Dikka archaeological site in Alexandria have reached early Roman levels and the current investigations of the PCMA UW expedition are focused on completing the excavation of some of the partly uncovered architecture. The southwestern part of House FA was explored, uncovering two fragments of colourful mosaic floors. Building chronology was established based on finds from two deep stratigraphic probes dug inside the structure. The main phases of occupation of House FA turned out to be comprised in a period between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE. The archaeological part of the program was accompanied by current preservation and maintenance work that the team is tasked with in different parts of the site; necessary preservation projects were undertaken this year in the theatre, the portico in front of the theatre and the early Roman buildings in the central part of the site. The mosaics on display in the mosaic shelter have also undergone cyclical conservation treatment. more...
- Published
- 2022
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11. Indices d’orfèvrerie et d’élaboration du laiton à Meaux (Seine-et-Marne) au ier s. ap. J.-C. : l’apport des analyses chimiques
- Author
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Jean-Marc Séguier, Fabien Pilon, David Couturier, and Christel Delozanne
- Subjects
Meaux ,Roman period ,copper alloy ,gold ,zinc ,cementation ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Several finds made in the context of preventive archaeology show that the metallurgy of iron and copper alloys is well represented in Meaux, capital of a small city in the Roman period. Chemical analysis of recently discovered crucibles attest to the presence of goldworking and brass production. This paper also presents documents related to lead bronze work and a crucible that is probably new. more...
- Published
- 2023
12. Zur antiken Umarbeitung und Wiederverwendung von Grabstelen in Kleinasien und in den griechischen Inseln
- Author
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Eva Christof
- Subjects
reuse ,reworking ,recycling ,funerary stele ,erasure ,hellenistic period ,roman period ,asia minor ,anatolia ,antiquarianism ,yeniden kullanım ,yeniden işleme ,geri dönüşüm ,mezar steli ,silme ,helenistik dönem ,roma dönemi ,küçük asya ,anadolu ,antikacılık ,History of the Greco-Roman World ,DE1-100 - Abstract
Hellenistic and Roman grave steles in Asia Minor were usually produced and put in place for a unique, specific purpose and intended for eternal display at the tomb. We can see, however, that even long before the Late Antique period when the recycling of spolia became frequent, these grave steles were reused and repurposed as grave steles. The main procedure was to simply add a new inscription or to erase the old inscription in order to overwrite it with a new one; minor details of relief decoration might be changed or it even might be left as it was. In this article, I explore and describe this multifaceted phenomenon, which can be traced by examining the actual state of the monuments to detect the presence of one or more inscriptions, erasures and incongruities between pictures and text, as well as the chiselled-off or lowered parts and remodelled relief decorations. This contribution sets this phenomenon within a larger context between the two poles, one of which is the practical and economic object recycling, a familiar procedure that several materials underwent in antiquity, and the second of which is the predilection for antiquities and the re-use of old and valuable things in meaningful ways. The main procedures used to rework grave steles are illustrated by presenting some examples from across Anatolia; this selection remains, of course, far from exhaustive. If we consider the repurposing of funerary steles and other archaeological objects by applying the theoretical approaches of object biography and life cycle-management, i.e. taking into account all single phases of the use of a specific object, we will uncover new ways to understand those Anatolian grave steles hitherto believed anomalous. These approaches enable us to accept, handle, and integrate the different phases of perceiving and reconstructing ancient realities. more...
- Published
- 2022
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13. The Construction Date of the Misis Bridge
- Author
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Murat Durukan and İlkay Göçmen
- Subjects
misis köprüsü ,roma dönemi ,i̇mparator vespasianus ,xvi. lejyon flavia firma ,miltaşı ,the misis bridge ,roman period ,emperor vespasian ,xvi. legio flavia firma ,milestone ,History of the Greco-Roman World ,DE1-100 - Abstract
The Cilicia Region, which stretches between Korakesion and Alexandria Kat'Isson, is bordered by the Taurus Mountains in the north and the Mediterranean Sea in the south. Defined as Cilicia by the sources, the region serves as a natural bridge between Eastern and Western societies, and a significant route that provides communication between different cultures also passes through the region. Crossing the Gülek Pass, the route reaches Misis via Tarsus, then heads towards Mesopo-tamia. The nine-arch Misis Bridge is situated in Mopsu(h)estia (= Misis), which represents one of the important stops of this route. Even though the original construction of the bridge is associated with the Roman period, when and under which emperor it was built is controversial. Some resear¬chers relate the construction to the Valerian period, whereas others attribute it to the period of Constantius II. The aim of the study is to put forward a new view on the construction date of the Misis bridge. The ancient sources concerning the route, on which the bridge is located, reveal the significance of the road here. Additionally, it is also known that from the beginning of the Imperial period, Rome adopted a sensitive attitude in intervening in the turmoil in the east. It is understood that this route is of particular importance for Rome in relation to both the movements of the legions and the logistical support. Accordingly, it is seen that both views suggested as the construction date of the bridge are disputable and the suggested dates are too late for the bridge. Therefore, considering the early historical records, archaeological findings and the historical process, a new proposal has been developed regarding the chronological problems of the bridge. more...
- Published
- 2022
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14. An inscribed Roman sarcophagus from Elazığ (eastern Turkey) with an appendix on a Latin military inscription
- Author
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Lafli, Ergün and Liddle, Peter
- Subjects
sarcophagus ,museum of elazığ ,harput ,eastern turkey ,roman period ,graeco-roman epigraphy ,graeco-roman onomastics ,roman archaeology ,latin military inscription ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
We present a previously-unknown sarcophagus of the Roman period with a fragmentary and hard-to-decipher inscription in Greek, today exhibited in the grounds of the Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum of Elazığ in eastern Turkey. A personal name can still be deciphered on the front face of the sarcophagus: Menethymes. Elazığ Museum possesses a large collection of archaeological artefacts, especially from the rescue excavations at the höyük (tell or mound) sites in the area of the Keban dam construction in the 1960s and 1970s. The number of Roman artefacts in this museum is c. 100, excluding numismatic finds. This brief paper makes a contribution to the scanty knowledge of Roman-era funerary monuments in eastern Turkey. In the appendix, we also give the text of one of the most important finds at the same museum, a Latin military inscription from AD 64/65 on Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo and the Parthian war. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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15. The Free Dacian settlement of Arad (Site B_06). Preliminary considerations
- Author
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Bărcă, Vitalie and Gindele, Robert
- Subjects
settlement ,free dacians ,roman period ,mureș ,banat ,arad ,tisa nouă ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The object of this article is to preliminary present the rescue archaeological excavations prior to the construction of the Arad-Timişoara Highway, conducted in 2010 on-site B_06. The investigated area is located on the Arad-Seceani highway section, in the km 15+490-15+780 stretch. The field research concluded the site was a large settlement lying both on the highway route as well as to its west and east. The archaeological investigations carried out within the area of site B0_6 and the perimeter limits of the highway route identified and comprehensively examined 132 stratigraphic units, of which three are Sarmatian inhumations. Of the total researched features, 106 were discovered in the northern half of the investigated area, while the three graves, together with another feature, lay midway through the project area. The inhumations lay isolate from the 106 features from the northern side of the investigated area, but also from the 22 located southward as well. The 106 features belong to a Dacian settlement broadly dated to the 2nd – early 3rd century AD, while the graves date to late 2nd – first decades of the 3rd century AD, the features discovered in the southern half of the investigated area belonging to another chronological and cultural level (the 4th – 5th century AD). more...
- Published
- 2021
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16. A group of Early Roman lamps from Chhîm, Lebanon: preliminary research on shapes, fabric and provenance
- Author
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Małgorzata Kajzer
- Subjects
Chhîm ,Phoenicia ,Roman period ,oil lamps ,macroscopic fabric analysis ,semi-fine ware ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The group of Early Roman oil lamps excavated during several research seasons in Chhîm constitute a significantly fragmented assemblage. Macroscopic analysis of fabrics, combined with typological study complemented by iconographic research where applicable, revealed similarities between studied objects and other lamp finds from the Levant. The characterised fabric shows the continuity of manufacture from the Hellenistic period and the connection with semi-fine ware. The collected data suggest the Phoenician coast as the potential place of manufacture. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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17. Roman-period pottery from a trench by the northern city wall in Beit Ras/Capitolias
- Author
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Jolanta Młynarczyk
- Subjects
pottery ,Roman period ,city wall ,Beit Ras/Capitolias ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
One of the trenches opened by the team of the PCMA during 2015–1026 at the site of Beit Ras (ancient Capitolias) in the governorate of Irbid, northern Jordan, revealed remains of the defensive city wall. Neither the foundation nor the earliest walking level connected with the wall could have been reached; however, the archaeological exploration allowed to identify three upper floors, all of them posterior to the construction of the city wall. The analysis of the ceramics from under the floors allowed to study the repertory of the local, regional and some imported wares in the Roman-period Capitolias and, at the same time, provided an insight to the chronology of the defenses of ancient Capitolias. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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18. Development of a settlement on the northeastern promontory at 'Marea'
- Author
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Tomasz Derda, Mariusz Gwiazda, and Aleksandra Pawlikowska-Gwiazda
- Subjects
Marea ,Egypt ,Roman period ,early Byzantine period ,early Islamic period ,latrine ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The ancient topography of the settlement on the northeastern promontory at ‘Marea’ (North Hawariya) was the subject of investigations carried out at the site in 2018 within the frame of a broader excavation project. Fieldwork established the date of some structures recognized along an ancient road. The oldest remains turned out to be from the Roman period, when the promontory became a rubbish dump for production waste, mostly sherds of Amphores égyptienne 3 and 4, from the nearby pottery kilns. Two superimposed occupation levels were recognised, the earlier one from the beginning of the 3rd century AD or later, the later one from the 5th–6th century. The buildings followed a regular grid that fits into the overall plan of the town. The research has resulted in a better understanding of the changes occurring in this part of ‘Marea’. more...
- Published
- 2020
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19. Two Unpublished Magical Amulets in Ankara
- Author
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Melih Arslan, Yavuz Yeği̇n, and Richard Gordon
- Subjects
muska ,sihirli taşlar ,roma dönemi ,gaia ,anguipede ,amulet ,magical gems ,roman period ,History of the Greco-Roman World ,DE1-100 - Abstract
The recent synthesis of Roman-period amulets by C. A. Faraone has highlighted the signifi-cance of such artefacts in strategies of personal and group protection and healing throughout Greek and Roman antiquity. A specific group of such amulets, on semi-precious stones en-graved with images, intercultural words of power, and special signs, was created in late-Hellenistic Egypt, but spread into the eastern Mediterranean mainly in the Roman period. This paper publishes two such magical amulets, one in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations and the other in the Erimtan Museum of Archaeology and Art, both in Ankara. The first car-ries a fine example of the cock-headed Anguipede figure on the obverse, and, on the reverse, three of the Judaic names of God most commonly found on amulets in this tradition. The sec-ond gem offers no iconography but an interesting Greek inscription, followed by three special signs, appealing to the goddess Gaia (Earth) to protect the wearer. The paper has two main aims: to contribute to the aim of completing the digital Campbell Bonner Magical Gems data-base, organised by Á.M. Nagy in Budapest, which has taken the study of these gems to a new level, and to make these amuletic gems better known in Turkey. more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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20. Mirror, Mirror … Reflections on the functionality of a small lead find from Acic Suhat (Baia, Tulcea county)
- Author
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Alina STREINU, Dávid Zs. SCHWARCZ, and Dragoș MIREA
- Subjects
romania ,dobrogea ,baia ,acic suhat ,antiquity ,lead mirror ,mirror ,votive offering ,roman period ,black sea ,lower danube ,rural settlement ,ed-xrf ,pixe ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The paper presents a small circular mirror frame found in the rural settlement at Acic Suat. The mirror is made out of lead and decorated with radial lines on the frame, missing the reflective surface. Even though, such finds are numerous in the Danubian and Black Sea provinces, their functionality is still questionable, ranging from cosmetic to votive. Discussing the find from Acic Suat, together with the analogies and their potential functions, allows us to integrate the item in a wider context. Two sets of analyses were performed on the mirror, ED-XRF and PIXE, revealing its composition and highlighting the presence of bismuth and silver which can be indicators for the provenance of the lead core. more...
- Published
- 2020
21. Ceramica de masă de la Ibida–Baza 3
- Author
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Marian MOCANU
- Subjects
archaeology ,antiquity ,pottery ,roman period ,ibida ,scythia ,roman empire ,african slip ware ,phocaean slip ware ,lower danube ,black sea ,dobrogea ,romania ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
In 2003-2004, at Slava Rusă, a small-scale archaeological excavation took place, near one of the archaeological bases. The excavation brought to light a level dated in the first half of the sixth century, marked by a building and a street. Among the archaeological materials discovered are 30 tableware fragments, analyzed in this article. All of them can be dated to the end of the 5th century and the first half of the 6th century and come from Phocean and North African workshops. more...
- Published
- 2020
22. Roman Fibulae in the Collection of the Lower Danube Museum Călărași
- Author
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Dan ELEFTERESCU and George NUȚU
- Subjects
romania ,lower danube ,antiquity ,roman period ,durostorum ,early byzantine period ,fibulae ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
In the collection of the Museum of Lower Danube Călărași is housed a large number of fibulae discovered, in particular, on the iconic sites of Ostrov-Ferma 4 and Izvoarele (former Pîrjoaia, settlement associated with Sucidava of Moesia). These were discovered during the archaeological investigations and field surveys carried out at Ostrov-Ferma 4 or exclusively during field surveys in the case of the settlement/settlements from Izvoarele/Sucidava. In addition to the fibulae discovered in these sites, several other examples were donated to the Museum or left in custody, following confiscations at the Bulgarian-Romanian border, by the Romanian Border Police. The authors present this small assemblage discovered, according to the available information, on the territory of Bulgaria, in the Silistra area (Durostorum), respectively in an unknown place in Greece. We consider that their publication is necessary as some of the finds have unique traits and have few analogies in the corpus of brooches from the Lower Moesia. Moreover, because these finds were discovered outside a clear archaeological context, the question arises as to their authenticity. While some of the finds (Figs. 1-2, 8) they have not been cleaned and have all the characteristics of the antique (bronze) alloy, other finds (Figs. 3-7) – probably purchased in Greece – were somehow cleaned and kept for a long time. For this reason, the material (a bronze alloy) has become whitish. Even if we have close parallels to them, we maintain some suspicion about their authenticity. more...
- Published
- 2020
23. Wall Paintings in Ancient Cyprus: The Hellenistic and Roman Tombs of Paphos and Its Region
- Author
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Vasiliki Lysandrou and Demetrios Michaelides
- Subjects
Hellenistic period ,Roman period ,wall paintings ,tombs ,Nea Paphos ,Cyprus ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
This paper presents the wall paintings decorating a number of Hellenistic and Roman tombs, of various architectural types, in Paphos and the region. The paper gathers together for the first time all the known published and unpublished painted tombs of the city, which are studied on the basis of observations made on the actual decoration preserved either in situ or in the laboratory of the Paphos District Museum, and with the use of all pertinent publications. A catalogue of these tombs has been created and this is accompanied by a map with the geographic location of each example. The various themes represented on wall paintings have been divided into groups and are discussed accordingly, while the manufacturing technology of a sample of the wall paintings is examined using both non-contact and analytical tools. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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24. Ancient Portrait Busts of Marcus Aurelius in the National Museum in Poznań
- Author
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Diana Mroczek
- Subjects
Roman period ,portrait sculpture ,Marcus Aurelius ,museum collection ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The article addresses the collection of Roman portrait busts in the National Museum in Poznań, Poland. The paper focuses on three busts attributed to Marcus Aurelius as an example of durable adaptations and modifications of the originals. It aims to explain frequent misconceptions and interpretations of the sculptures by exploring history and conservation practices. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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25. Neither 'Celtic' nor 'Dacian': The Site of Židovar at the Edges of La Tène, Carpathian and Roman Worlds
- Author
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Vladimir D. Mihajlović and Marko A. Janković
- Subjects
Židovar ,late Iron Age ,Roman period ,connectivity ,cultural localization ,“Celts” ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 - Abstract
The paper reviews long-standing interpretation of the late Iron Age site of Židovar as “Celtic”, “Dacian” and “Celto-Dacian”. Arguing that this standpoint is derived from biased culture-historical ethno-determinism, the evidence is reconsidered from excavation journals of Branko Gavela and published research on Židovar. Evidential basis is discussed, such as sratigraphic difficulties and chronology, as well as some common misconceptions of the site’s characteristics. Deadlocks are emphasized regarding the conclusions on its ethnic belonging. The paper calls for a new approach that goes beyond ethno-cultural determinism and urges the employment of “relational locality”. This perspective considers the site and its immediate surroundings as the first order community, i.e. the spatio-social focal point entangled in diverse, multidirectional and supra-regional relational networks. This would mean that the community of Židovar actively mediated different templates coming from the “globalized” koines of La Tène Pannonian, Danubian-Carpathian and Roman worlds, and bricolaged them in distinctive local ways. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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26. Terracotta lamps from Metropolıs in Ionia (Turkey): typological assessment
- Author
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Eda Güngor Alper
- Subjects
Metropolıs Ionia ,Roman period ,ceramic ,lighting in ancient times ,lamp ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The lamps studied in this article come from Metropolıs, a strategically located site between Pergamon and Ephesos, functioning in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. Two different techniques of decorating the surfaces of the lamps were distinguished: Red-on-White and Red Slip. The lamps were dated contextually by terracotta oil lamps of the same morphological type found in the same assemblages. The material spanned a chronological range from the 1st to the 6th century AD. more...
- Published
- 2019
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27. Histria – Acropolă Centru-Sud. Date asupra artefactelor din materii dure animale (II)
- Author
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Beldiman, C., Bottez, V., Bivolaru, A., and Beldiman, D.
- Subjects
antler technology ,bone technology ,histria ,roman period ,scythia minor ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The article offers the extensive primary research data of the assemblage from 2017 archaeological campaign, comprising 19 pieces. The typological categories are : adornments-accessories (bone hair pins – 2 ; decorated red deer plate – 1) ; hafts (bone haft – 1), blanks (red deer blank – 1) and debris (12). The local processing of osseous materials (bone, red deer antler) is taken into account. The artefacts have been made probably within mixt workshops (metal, wood, bone etc.) where various tools, accessories from different raw materials etc. have been produced. The technical solutions of manufacture have been defined using microscopic analysis. Artefacts are dated from Roman and Roman-Byzantine period (2nd– 6th century AD). Further chronological data cannot be formulated due to the disturbed context of last occupational levels and standardised parameters of the artefacts. Artefacts made of osseous raw materials which were studied on this occasion offer important typological and technological benchmarks for a complex and extensive approach of the civilisation and culture of the Histrian communities during Roman and Roman-Byzantine period more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Naître et mourir à Nîmes dans l’Antiquité. L’évolution d’un espace funéraire consacré à l’inhumation des nourrissons et des fœtus du Ier siècle avant notre ère au IIIe siècle de notre ère (colline de Montaury, Nîmes, Gard, France)
- Author
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Gaëlle Granier and Richard Pellé
- Subjects
burial ,foetus ,neonate ,suburban ,Nemausus ,Roman period ,History of Civilization ,CB3-482 - Abstract
During the Roman period, the burial site on Montaury Hill in Nîmes was located near the western gate of the Augustan enclosure. The rampart, which has been preserved over a length of several hundred metres, was excavated between 2014 and 2019 with a burial space extending from its base. In the burial space, excavated between 2017 and 2019, more than 60 graves were revealed within a small 100 m2 area. These date from the end of the 1st century BC to the beginning of the 3rd century AD. While the burials in the earliest graves, dating to the time of construction of the rampart, are indiscriminate, this area very soon became a specific space for the burial of very young children, from the end of the 1st century AD. The very specific funerary practices are complex and highly variable, showing that great care was given to these burials. They are highly selective: foetuses (sometimes between 5 and 6 months in utero) share the burial space with children who all died before the age of 6 months. The graves of four dogs were found together with the children’s tombs. This preliminary study attempts to understand the societal issues underlying this kind of burial space dedicated to young children, and to gain a better knowledge of the peri-urban landscape of the city through its burial spaces and what they tell us about the organization of Roman society. more...
- Published
- 2021
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29. Histria – Acropolă Centru-Sud. Date asupra artefactelor din materii dure animale (I)
- Author
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Beldiman, C., Bottez, V., Țârlea, A., and Beldiman, D.
- Subjects
antler technology ,bone technology ,histria ,roman period ,scythia ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The analysis of the artefacts from osseous raw materials discoveret in Histria – Acropolis Centre‐ South Sector is integrated in the series of extensive scientific valorisation of the artefacts from osseous raw materials recovered from archaeological sites located in Dobrudja – see the bibliography. Consequently, the common and significant presence of this kind of artefacts is documented in terms of quantities, types and data obtained from the inventory of the archaeological structures dated to the Roman and Roman‐ Byzantine periods in Histria – Acropolis Centre‐ South Sector. Their systematic recovery and study will continue to be a goal for the research team of this sector as part of the broader scientific objectives of the on‐ going project. The article offers the extensive primary research data of the assemblage obtained following the 2013– 2016 archaeological campaigns, comprising 31 pieces. The typological categories are quite various : tools, adornments, accessories, hafts, raw materials and debris. The local procurement of osseous raw materials (bone, deer antler, wild boar tusks) is taken into account. The artefacts have been made probably within mixt workshops (metal, wood, bone etc.), where various tools, accessories from different raw materials etc. have been produced. The technical solutions of manufacture have been defined using microscopic analysis. Artefacts are dated in the Roman and Roman‐ Byzantine periods (2nd– 6th century AD). Further chronological data cannot be formulated due to the disturbed context of last dwelling levels and standardised parameters of the artefacts. The piece HIS‐ ACS_ 15 (dated to the 6th century AD, Fig. 16) is a remarkable exception due to its ornamentation, which attests the use of dye that was exceptionally well preserved. Given the fact that the decoration of the bone item still preserves traces of black pigment, the team decided to conduct a compositional non‐ destructive analysis using a portable X‐ Ray Fluorescence spectrometer Innov‐ X Systems Alpha Series, with W anticathode tube, SiPIN diode, Peltier cooling effect. The analysis on Analytical mode was conducted on both the interior side (less finished, undecorated) and the exterior side (finely worked, decorated) in order to determine possible differences in the composition (Tables 6– 7, Graph 5). The analysis conducted on the upper (decorated) side indicates again the presence of iron and lead, but this time the latter in a very high amount (70.51% Pb). The presence of both lead and iron on the surface of the decorated object could be possibly explained in terms of the original use of two pigments of different origin, one based on iron (an iron oxide – ochre ?) and another on lead. These would have been either mixed to obtain a final desired colour or combined to obtain two different hues or nuances on the surface (for example, ground in one hue of red and the concentric circles in another). Another possible explanation is that the surface of the object was coloured in black using only a lead oxide, while the presence of iron indicates the prolonged contact of the bone object with an iron object. The fact that the amount of iron is much higher on the interior of the object, in combination with the presence of zinc and a small amount of lead, could serve as an argument in favour of the original use of the red deer item as a convex plaque for an iron object. Artefacts made of osseous raw materials which were studied on this occasion offer important typological and technological benchmarks for complex and extensive approach of civilisation and culture of the Histrian communities during Roman and Roman‐ Byzantine epoch more...
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
30. A (partial) Iconographical Dictionary of Early Roman Imperial lamps (70-130 AD). A Short Study of 290 Discus-motifs Adorning the Lamps Discovered within the Harbour Garbage Covering the 'Arles-Rhône 3' Shipwreck and of their Geographic Repartition
- Author
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Laurent CHRZANOVSKI and David DJAOUI
- Subjects
roman shipwreck ,harbor garbage ,lamps ,iconography ,imagery diffusion ,arles ,france ,antiquity ,roman period ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The importance of the Arles harbor's garbage which "sealed" the Arles-Rhône 3 shipwreck, shortly depicted hereafter, is so huge in archaeological materials, quantitatively and qualitatively, that it will give birth in the next decade to more than twenty monographs devoted each one to a specific type of artefact. This lamp-focused article aims to propose, in "avant-première" and in "globish" (the recently accepted expression designating for non-native very poor English), is to highlight only one of the many important results of the final study of the more than 816 intact lamps and +5'000 fragments discovered during the underwater excavations of the Arles-Rhône 3 shipwreck, to be published next year. As a matter of fact, never, in lychnological history, a single small excavation delivered so many motifs from so many different manufactures and adorning productions framed in only 60 years of history (70 to 130 AD), and the different social, economic, productive and merely lychnological topics to be covered in the monograph abound. Here, we would like t propose a discussion on the micro- and macro-regional trade roads and their influences on lamp iconography. As a matter of fact, the corpus is made of artifacts brought to Arles from the most remote parts of the Mediterranean as well as from the nearest Gallic workshops, exactly during the apex of creativity of the Roman workshops in terms of quantity and variety of discus themes. This flourishing lamp decoration vogue started with Tiberius' reign and will slowly end with Trajan's one, our garbage is hence covering the second half of this momentum. Arles, a major multimodal platform as we would say today, transferring goods from the sea to the river Rhône as well as to the consular road network and vice-versa, is certainly one the most perfect observation points possible towards the whole Western Roman Empire. There, we can guess some partial answers on important questions such as: which motifs remained at the level of individual imports? Which ones seduced the local manufactures? Which ones were also produced by the flourishing manufactures of one or both ends of the Western Empire (the Rhine Valley and Africa)? Which ones belong to Gallic lamp-makers' own creativity? The short comparison tables will indicate that there are a lot of hypothesis to study further in this domain. Further, an in-depth immersion on each motif will be proposed through an "illustrated dictionary" of the 290 more relevant motifs with the most relevant lists of parallels and the intact/context-dated lamps found in Gaul, eliminating all additional French-known fragments which did not bring anything relevant to the article. more...
- Published
- 2018
31. An incineration burial in metal urn (2nd-3rd c. AD) discovered at Iagorlâc, Dubăsari
- Author
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Ion Tentiuc and Valeriu Bubulici
- Subjects
funerary urn ,metal vessels ,Roman period ,Hemmoor type vessels ,shell vessel ,Auxiliary sciences of history ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Systematic archaeological research and surveys carried out over the last decades in the eastern regions of the Oriental Carpathians have led to the accumulation of important vestiges of the last centuries of the old era and the first centuries of the new era. The inclusion of the materials discovered in settlements and necropoleis in the scientific circuit allowed the reconstruction of new aspects of the economic, social and political life of the local communities, of their relations with the populations that periodically penetrated the Northwestern Pontic space, coming from the west, north or east. more...
- Published
- 2018
32. A Terra Sigillata Itálica de Monte Molião, Lagos, Portuga
- Author
-
Ana Margarida Arruda and Íris Dias
- Subjects
Italic terra sigillata ,Algarve ,Monte Molião ,Roman period ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The extensive archaeological work carried out in Monte Molião since 2006 has shown a long diachrony of the site between the 4th century BC and the end of the 2nd century. The main building development that took place at the Flavian and Antonine times, concealed widely the previous constructions, namely the Julio-Claudian. Nevertheless, some archaeological data, such as italic terra sigillata, prove the permanence of human communities in Monte Molião that, since the Iron Age, lived there. The integrated study of this ceramic category, with the classification of ceramic fragments and respective shapes, it was taken into consideration the context of their collection, which enabled a better understanding of the consumption rhythms of the tableware in the beginning of the imperial phase, but also, to admit that the construction of some buildings may fall behind, at least, to the first half of the 1st century. The forms of the ceramic set correspond mainly to the Haltern Service I, despite the Service II being also present, which is not frequent in Algarve or in the rest of Portuguese territory, with the exception of Alcácer do Sal and somewhat Santarém as well. more...
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
33. Review - MARC BARBIER, L´artisanat de l´os à l´époque Gallo-Romaine. De l´ostéologie à l´archéologie expérimentale, Archaeopress Roman Archaeology 16, Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2016
- Author
-
Musteata, Sergiu and Bejenaru, Luminita
- Subjects
Experimental archaeology ,bone working ,Roman period ,History of Eastern Europe ,DJK1-77 - Abstract
A book review - MARC BARBIER, L´artisanat de l´os à l´époque Gallo-Romaine. De l´ostéologie à l´archéologie expérimentale, Archaeopress Roman Archaeology 16, Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2016 more...
- Published
- 2017
34. Câteva observaţii despre necropola romană timpurie de la Noviodunum
- Author
-
Liana OŢA
- Subjects
noviodunum ,cemetery ,graves ,grave-goods ,mounds ,inhumation ,cremation ,lower danube ,roman period ,roman empire ,antiquity ,black sea ,moesia inferior ,burials ,death and burial ,archaeology ,dobrogea ,isaccea ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Despite of a large number of papers, either synthetic studies on the funerary rituals, papers whose purpose was to publish graves or discussions about certain types of items or burials, there are still questions about the Noviodunum cemetery waiting for an answer. A few years ago, in a study about the funerary world in Moesia Inferior, I tried, taking into account what has been published so far, to outline an overview on the Noviodunum necropolis or on different types of burials found there – funerary structures with burnt pit, inhumation burials in a pit, in a box or in a sarcophagus. The purpose of this paper is to resume the general discussion about the cemetery of Noviodunum, especially in the light of the different types of burials or categories of grave-goods, in order to complete the abovementioned analysis. more...
- Published
- 2017
35. Les importations de céramiques dans le secteur du Qasr al-Bint : une image des échanges commerciaux à Pétra entre le iiie siècle av. J.-C. et le vie siècle apr. J.-C
- Author
-
Renel, François
- Subjects
Pétra ,Petra ,فخار ,période hellénistique ,البتراء ,استيراد ,Byzantine period ,Hellenistic period ,import ,خزف ناعم ,الفترة النبطية ,céramique ,période byzantine ,أمفورة ,الفترة الهلينستية ,Nabataean period ,importation ,الفترة الرومانية ,pottery ,fine ware ,céramique fine ,Roman period ,période nabatéenne ,période romaine ,الفترة البيزنطية ,amphora ,amphore - Abstract
Résumé – Les fouilles du projet Pétra Qasr al-Bint (1999-2018) ont livré un très grand nombre de céramiques relevant de contextes diachroniques, notamment du mobilier céramique importé (amphores et céramique de table) daté du iiie siècle av. J.-C. aux ve et vie siècle apr. J.-C. Cette étude préliminaire donne un premier aperçu général de ces importsation. Bien que numériquement peu représentées, la présence de ces céramiques atteste des liens commerciaux de Pétra avec le bassin méditerranéen sur une période couvrant l’ensemble de l’histoire de la cité. Pendant les périodes hellénistique et nabatéenne, il s’agit principalement d’amphores rhodiennes et coennes, de vernis noirs puis de sigillées orientales. Leur nombre augmente notablement aux périodes romaine et byzantine : les Red Slip africaines représentent le corpus le plus nombreux, en association avec des amphores d’origine variée (Italie, Espagne…). Ceramic imports from the Qasr al-Bint area: A picture of commercial exchanges in Petra between the third century bc and the sixth century adAbstract – The Qasr al-Bint excavations (1999-2018) revealed a large number of ceramics from various periods, including various imports (amphora and ceramic tableware) , dated from the third century bc until the fifth and sixth centuries ad. This preliminary study provides a first glimpse on a general picture of the imported ceramic and products. Although they are not many compared to the rest of the ceramic corpus, these imports evidence commercial links between Petra and the Mediterranan during all the city’s life. During the Hellenistic and Nabataean periods, they are mainly represented by Rhodian and Cos amphorae as well as black glazed and later by Eastern Terra Sigillata. Their number raised significantly during the Roman and Byzantine periods : African Red Slip represents the most important corpus associated with amphorae of various origins (Italy, Spain…). Late Roman and Byzantine contexts evidence imports from the Aegean Sea and Southern Levant. This preliminary study provides a first glimpse on a general image of the imported ceramic and products. المستوردات الخزفية في منطقة قصر البنت: صورة عن التبادل التجاري في البتراء ما بين القرن الثالث قبل الميلاد والقرن السادس الميلادي أسفرت حفريات مشروع بترا قصر البنت (١٩٩٨-٢٠١٨) عن اكتشاف عدد كبير من الخزفيات التي تعود الى سياقات غير متزامنة وخاصةً الأثاث الخزفي المستورد (انية امفورا وخزفيات المائدة) الذي يعود تاريخه الى القرن الثالث قبل الميلاد حتى القرنين الخامس والسادس بعد الميلاد. تعطي هذه الدراسة الأولية فكرة عامة عن هذه المستوردات. على الرغم من نسبتها العددية القليلة فإن وجود هذه الخزفيات تؤكد الروابط التجارية بين البتراء وحوض البحر الأبيض المتوسط في الفترة التي تغطي تاريخ المدينة بأكمله. خلال الفترات الهلنستية والنبطية تتكون هذه الخزفيات بشكل رئيسي من آنية أمفورا روديسية ومن طلاء أسود ثم من الأطباق الخزفية الشرقية. تتزايد أعدادها بشكل ملحوظ خلال الفترات الرومانية والبيزنطية: إن الأطباق الخزفية الحمراء الأفريقية تشكل المجموعة الأكثر عدداً بالاشتراك مع انية امفورا ذات أصول مختلفة (إيطاليا، اسبانيا) more...
- Published
- 2023
36. Indices d’orfèvrerie et d’élaboration du laiton à Meaux (Seine-et-Marne) au ier s. ap. J.-C. : l’apport des analyses chimiques
- Author
-
Séguier, Jean-Marc, Pilon, Fabien, Couturier, David, and Delozanne, Christel
- Subjects
alliages cuivreux ,zinc ,or ,gold ,cementation ,cémentation ,Roman period ,copper alloy ,crucible ,creuset ,chemical analysis ,période romaine ,Meaux ,analyses chimiques - Abstract
Plusieurs découvertes effectuées en contexte d’archéologie préventive montrent que la métallurgie du fer et des alliages cuivreux est bien représentée à Meaux, chef-lieu d’une petite cité à l’époque romaine. Les analyses chimiques de creusets récemment découverts attestent la présence d’ateliers de travail de l’or et de production de laiton. Cet article permet également de présenter des documents liés au travail du bronze au plomb, ainsi qu’un creuset probablement neuf. Several finds made in the context of preventive archaeology show that the metallurgy of iron and copper alloys is well represented in Meaux, capital of a small city in the Roman period. Chemical analysis of recently discovered crucibles attest to the presence of goldworking and brass production. This paper also presents documents related to lead bronze work and a crucible that is probably new. more...
- Published
- 2023
37. Late Roman pottery discovered at Histria in the Acropolis Centre‐South Sector (2015). Vasa escaria – Late Roman C Wares
- Author
-
Bădescu, A. and Iliescu, I.
- Subjects
scythia ,late antiquity ,histria ,pottery ,vasa escaria ,roman period ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The 90 pottery fragments presented in this paper were discovered in 2015 at Histria, in the Acropolă Centru‐ Sud sector (excavation coordinated by the University of Bucharest). The pottery pertains to seven forms with 14 types of kitchen ware. This category of artefacts is very important and, at the same time, very discriminated. Common ware – and most of the kitchen ware is part of this category – is overlooked in favour of luxury ware, lamps and amphorae, and a very large quantity of material pertaining to this category remains unstudied. This situation is common, in spite of the fact that, due to its fragility and the lack of a waterproof coating (which means that in a short time organic matter and mold make it unusable), it had a short life and therefore provides archaeologists with a much more refined chronological marker. Apart from the chronological information, the study of kitchenware can shed new light on the trade directions and the zone of political influence in Scythia Minor during the Late Roman period. The publication of the entire pottery lot from and excavation can lead, now or in the future, to the clarification of certain problems for which we can only make suppositions at the present moment more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Roman lamps discovered at Histria, in the Acropolis Centre‐South Sector (2013 and 2015)
- Author
-
Bivolaru, A. and Bottez, V.
- Subjects
scythia ,roman period ,late antiquity ,lamps ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Even if it represents an important ceramic category, given the quantity of material discovered during archaeological excavations, as well as the chronological information they offer, lamps have not drawn enough the attention of the specialists. The fragments presented in this paper pertain to seven types, six of which were produced in the eastern part of the Empire or were imitated in the provinces on the western Black Sea shore, while the last type is a North African production more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Athena Domus at Apollonia (Albania): A Reassessment
- Author
-
Elda OMARI and Paolo BONINI
- Subjects
apollonia ,albania ,domus architecture ,mosaic ,roman period ,Drawing. Design. Illustration ,NC1-1940 - Abstract
The city of Apollonia, located to the South-west of modern Albania, was founded in 588 B.C. by Corinthian and Corcyrian people, and was later described by Cicero as an admirabilis urbs. In 44 B.C. when Augustus and Agrippa were studying rhetoric in Apollonia, they got to know of the killing of Caesar and were helped by the local people to return to Rome and take the power back. The city, located on the right bank of the river Aoos, only 12 km from the sea, was a crossroads and a filter for different cultures: Illyrians, Macedonians, the Greeks and the Romans have inhabited the territory over the centuries. The domus, dated between 2nd and 3rd century A.D., represents the connection of the “residential fashion” present at the East and West of the Adriatic Sea. The domus is known in the literature as the “Athena house” because of the statue discovered by the archaeologists inside of it, but also as the “D house” because it was unearthed in “Sector D” of the excavation. The first goal of the research is to analyse the architectural and decorative aspects of the house to understand the tastes of this site. The second goal is to understand the needs of the customer’s social and economic selfrepresentation and the skills of the craftsmen who worked there. more...
- Published
- 2016
40. Archéologie expérimentale : l’usage vétérinaire des hipposandales romaines
- Author
-
Hélène Bénard and Christophe Bénard
- Subjects
archaeological experimentation ,roman period ,hipposandals ,veterinary ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Recent archaeological experimentation enabled specification in the making and the use of iron hipposandals, in veterinary practice specially, compared to other hoof protections. Thus, the hipposandals dressing would seem to be a second use of iron horseshoes, that is assistance in crossing over hilly grounds. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Notes on the Dolichenian monument from Pincum/Veliko Gradište
- Author
-
Timoc Cãlin and Boda Imola
- Subjects
Roman period ,religion ,Iuppiter Dolichenus ,Latin inscription ,Pincum ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
A small inscribed statuette base, found in Pincum (Veliko Gradište), and belonging to the antiquities collector Imre Pongrácz, was rediscovered recently in the deposits of the Banat Museum. This fact put in a new light all that we have known so far about this object, which was thought to be lost. The inscription is dedicated to Dulcenus, a form of the name of the deity Iuppiter Dolichenus, by two standard-bearers of the legio VII Claudia. In the upper part of the stone can be seen traces of the four hooves of an ox and the central quadrangular support by which the animal’s body was sustained. The ex voto can be determined chronologically, by the style of the letters and the form of the message, to the 3rd century AD. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Cup-bearer of Constantius II and Early Christian inscriptions from the necropolis of St Synerotes in Sirmium
- Author
-
Popović Ivana and Ferjančić Snežana
- Subjects
Roman period ,Sirmium ,Basilica of St Synerotes ,Early Christian inscriptions ,cup-bearer ,Constantius II ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
During the archaeological excavations performed in 1969/70 at the northern necropolis of Sirmium, around the Basilica of St Synerotes, a few sepulchral slabs with inscriptions and symbols of Early Christian character were discovered. The inscription on one slab, which reads: [±1 ? M]arturiu/[s p]incerna /[C]onstanti/[I]nperatori/[s(!)qui] vixsit(!) an/n[is] nonag/inta una cu/m matron/a sua Man/[- - -, shows that this is a tombstone of a certain Marturius, the cup-bearer of Constantius II. This emperor spent many months in Sirmium during 351-352 and 357-359, celebrating twice in this city the triumph over Quadi and Sarmatae, and intensifying not only the building of its infrastructure, but also of the sacral structures. As a fervent Christian of Arian orientation, he organised four ecclesiastical synods in Sirmium. On another slab, an inscription in Greek letters is written around a Christogram in a double circle, while on the third slab, decorated with floral motifs around a Christogram, the inscription is partly preserved. These tombstones are located south of the southern portico of Basilica of St Synerotes. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177007: Romanisation, urbanisation and transformation of urban centres of civil, military and residential character in Roman provinces in the territory of Serbia i br. 177005: City life in Antiquity: The expansion of cities and urban civilisation in the Balkans and the neighbouring areas from the Hellenistic to the Late Roman period] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The bronze signum from Timacum Maius and its cultic attribution
- Author
-
Petrović Vladimir and Filipović Vojislav
- Subjects
Timacum Maius ,signum ,bronze ,Roman period ,Jupiter Dolichenus ,cohors I Cretum ,History of Balkan Peninsula ,DR1-2285 - Abstract
The bronze signum discussed in this paper was discovered by archaeological excavation on the site of Timacum Maius in 2010. Found in the area of a luxurious Roman-period building, the artefact shows a tapering body with a central conical socket similar to a spearhead socket. It is one of the twenty-three known signa of the so-called classical-type. Most of them were found in the context of the cult of Jupiter Dolichenus, and we also presume the cultic purpose of the bronze signum from Timacum Maius. A similar find comes from Jupiter Dolichenus’ shrine in Egeta on the Danube limes with an inscription that connects it directly with the Dolichenian cult, and with the First Cohort of Cretans (Cohors I Cretum), the unit which had previously been stationed at Timacus Maius. The signum from Timacum Maius is most likely also connected with the cult of Jupiter Dolichenus and chronologically belongs to a period which is much earlier than the Severan age. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, 177012: Society, spiritual and material culture and communications in prehistory and early history of the Balkans] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Une interprétation fonctionnelle et socio-économique des lots d’outils et autres miniatures en bronze des dépôts funéraires de la périphérie de Cologne
- Author
-
Ferdière, Alain
- Subjects
Köln ,Römerzeit ,économie ,Cologne ,Wirtschaft ,Miniaturen ,Ubier ,outils agricoles ,Ubiens ,Roman period ,economy ,Landwirtschaftliche Geräte ,agricultural tools ,Landwirtschaft ,miniatures ,agriculture - Abstract
Les lots d’outils agricoles miniatures – dits « symboles mithriaques » – découverts dans des sépultures des IIIe-IVe s., essentiellement dans la région de Cologne, en Germanie Inférieure, sont depuis longtemps connues et Philip Kiernan annonce un catalogue complet de ces découvertes. Mais, au-delà de leur signification cultuelle ou quant aux pratiques funéraires, on ne s’est, jusqu’à présent, pas interrogé sur la portée heuristique de ces représentations pour la fonction de ces outils, et encore moins pour leur signification économique et sociale : statut des défunts concernés, économie agropastorale de ces régions à l’époque romaine. C’est ce qu’on propose d’examiner ici en détail. The assemblages of miniature agricultural tools – known as Mithraic symbols – discovered in 3rd-4th c. burials, mostly in the Cologne region, in Germania Inferior, have long been known, and Philip Kiernan has announced a complete catalog of his discoveries. But beyond their ritual meaning or implication in mortuary practices, we have yet to investigate the heuristic contribution of these representations to our knowledge of the function of these tools, and even less so, their economic and social meaning: status of the deceased, agropastoral economy of these regions during the Roman period. In this paper, we address this topic in detail. Die in Gräbern aus dem 3. bis 4. Jh., vor allem in der Region Köln, Niedergermanien, entdeckten zahlreichen landwirtschaftlichen Miniaturgeräte - sogenannte "Mithrasymbole" - sind seit langem bekannt, und Philip Kiernan kündigt einen vollständigen Katalog dieser Funde an. Abgesehen von ihrer Bedeutung im Hinblick auf den Gottesdienst oder die Bestattungspraktiken hat jedoch bisher niemand die heuristische Bedeutung dieser Darstellungen für die Funktion dieser Instrumente in Frage gestellt, und erst recht nicht ihre wirtschaftliche und soziale Bedeutung : den Status der betreffenden Verstorbenen, die agropastorale Wirtschaft dieser Regionen in der Römerzeit. Dies wollen wir hier im Einzelnen untersuchen. (trad. Deepl) more...
- Published
- 2023
45. The Roman City of Tarsus in Cilicia and its Terracotta Figurines
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Isabelle Hasselin Rous and Serdar Yalçin
- Subjects
Tarsus ,terracottas ,Gözlükule ,Roman period ,late Roman empire ,Langlois ,History (General) and history of Europe - Abstract
From the Bronze Age to Greco-Roman antiquity, Tarsus was an important urban center because of its proximity to the famous Cilician Gates that connected central Anatolia to the Mediterranean coast and northern Syria, as well its maritime connections to the eastern Mediterranean through its harbor. The mound of Gözlükule, the oldest and continuously inhabited part of the ancient city, informs modern scholarship about the material and visual culture of Roman Tarsus, as well as the earlier periods of habitation. The mound was explored in the middle of the 19th century, excavated in the mid-20th, and for the last 10 years was the focus of renewed excavations by the Boğazici University. During the course of all these investigations a number of deposits of Roman terracotta figurines was brought to light. This rich coroplastic material shows the evolution of a coroplastic typology according to changes in the occupation of this city from the early Imperial to the late Imperial eras. It also reveals new aspects of coroplastic production and use in the city of Tarsus, demonstrating the importance of these figurines for provincial Roman religion, especially in the transitional period of the late Roman Empire. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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46. Isaccea–Noviodunum. Artefacte din materii dure animale descoperite în 2014
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Corneliu BELDIMAN, Aurel-Daniel STĂNICĂ, and Diana-Maria SZTANCS
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ancient technology ,bone and antler artefacts ,decorated artefacts ,isaccea-noviodunum ,middle ages ,roman period ,dobrogea ,lower danube ,black sea ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Isaccea, Tulcea County (Noviodunum) -osseous materials discovered during 2014 archaeological campaign. The archaeological researches carried out in 2014 in various sectors of Isaccea-“Fortress” site (Noviodunum), Tulcea County (NOV) recovered several osseous materials artefacts. Their study continues the systematic analysis of this type of artefacts discovered at Noviodunum, which started in 2013. Such artefacts already form here a rich collection, gathered during the past six decades of archaeological excavations. The dispersion of discoveries in various sectors of the site does not allow us to formulate some detailed conclusions. We need to take into account the existence of some workshops where osseous materials artefacts (especially those made of red deer antler) were manufactured during the Roman period and Middle Ages (the 2nd–3rd centuries AD; 13th century). These items were probably used in composite artefacts such as: tools, weapons, clothing accessories, furniture accessories, various wooden artefacts, weapons etc. The raw materials discovered in various stages of manufacture (blanks, unfinished; raw material etc.) are proofs in this respect. This analysis aims at extensively highlighting the latest discoveries and the related primary data. The data in the catalogue and tables 1-2 provide all significant information regarding the artefacts, according to the current methodology in the field. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, optical means of observation were used (optical microscope, zoom ×10 – ×40; digital microscope, zoom ×10 – ×400); complete sets of images at various scales were taken (microscopic including), thus initiating an image data base of artefacts discovered at Noviodunum. The catalogue includes artefacts coded NOV/2014_1 and numbered from 1 to 9, classified from typologically. Chronological and cultural data related to the studied artefacts were provided by the author of the researches (A. D. Stănică) and were correlated (wherever possible) with the observations regarding the typological and technological specifics. The data are preliminary and can be revised. Each artefact was studied according to a standard protocol comprising several levels and components in order to register the data in an extensive/exhaustive manner (see the catalogue). The typological categories that form the assemblage are presented according to Beldiman 2007 Typology List: Weapons: Tools: bone needles (2); Weapons: bone arrowhead (1); Accessories: red deer antler perforated plate (1); Hafts: handle made of red deer antler (1); decorated bone plate (1); belt buckle made of red deer antler (1); Technical pieces – Raw material, waste: red deer antler tine (1); red deer antler tine, distal end (1). Regarding the raw materials, red deer antler is present in 5 items while bone was used for manufacturing 4 items. According to the data made available by the authors of the research as well as according to the data obtained during the typological and technological analysis, the chronology of the artefacts is the following: Roman period (2nd – 3rd centuries – 4 items); the Middle Ages (13th century – 5 items). The processing methods of the raw materials include simple procedures such as: fracture, chopping, scraping, abrasion, sawing, cutting with knives, as well as more complex technological procedures like: perforation, engraving in order to decorate the piece and finishing it etc. Axe, knife and saw were the tools used for this purpose. The manufacture of the artefacts was specialised, involving the existence of some workshops inside or outside the site (trade could be alternative source). The analysis of the assemblage provides the new typological, technological, cultural and chronological benchmarks for the complex and extensive approach of the cultural manifestations at Noviodunum during the Roman period and the Middle Ages. more...
- Published
- 2015
47. La sucesión de ocupaciones entre el Calcolítico y la Edad Media en el yacimiento de Cornia Nou (Menorca, Islas Baleares) = The succession of occupations between the Chalcolithic and Middle Ages in the site of Cornia Nou (Minorca, Balearic Islands)
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Montserrat Anglada Fontestad, Antoni Ferrer Rotger, Lluís Plantalamor Massanet, Damià Ramis Bernad, and Mark Van Strydonck
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Menorca ,Calcolítico ,Edad del Bronce ,Edad del Hierro ,época romana ,época almohade ,cerámica ,datos paleoambientales ,Chalcolithic ,Bronze Age ,Iron Age ,Roman Period ,Almohad Period ,ceramics ,paleoenvironmental data ,Prehistoric archaeology ,GN700-890 ,Auxiliary sciences of history ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
Cornia Nou es un yacimiento situado en el extremo oriental de Menorca. En él se ha podido documentar, a partir de las dataciones absolutas y el estudio de los materiales cerámicos, una secuencia cronológica que se sitúa entre el Calcolítico y el siglo XIII d.C. En este trabajo se exponen los datos arqueológicos y paleoambientales correspondientes a las diferentes fases de ocupación.The settlement of Cornia Nou is situated in the eastern side of Minorca. A long chronological sequence in this site, dated from the Chalcolithic to the 13th century AD, has been recorded based on radiocarbon dating and the typological study of the ceramics. Here the archaeological and paleoenvironmental data of the different occupation phases are described. more...
- Published
- 2015
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48. Nuevos apliques broncíneos de asa de sítula romanos con representación antropomorfa = Unpublish Roman handle attachments for fronze situlae with anthropomorphic representation
- Author
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Verónica Pérez de Dios
- Subjects
aplique de bronca ,Situlae ,época romana ,Salamanca ,Bronze handle ,Roman period ,Prehistoric archaeology ,GN700-890 ,Auxiliary sciences of history ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
En este artículo se dan a conocer siete apliques de asa de sítula de bronce, adscritos a la provincia de Lusitania, procedentes de los fondos del Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueología del Padre Belda (Alba de Tormes, Salamanca) y del yacimiento romano de La Vega de Portillo, situado en el término municipal de Éjeme (Salamanca). Todos los apliques son figurados y se adscriben a los tipos I, III y IV de la clasificación establecida por Delgado. Además de contextualizar los apliques, este estudio los somete a análisis comparativos con otras piezas de similares características halladas en otros yacimientos arqueológicos de la Península Ibérica.In this paper we present seven handle attachments of bronze situlae, ascribed to the province of Lusitania. The archaeological pieces come from the collection of the Museum of Prehistory and Archaeology of Pather Belda (Alba de Tormes, Salamanca) and the Roman archaeological site of La Vega de Portillo, Ejeme (Salamanca). All the handle attachments show an anthropomorphic decoration and they are grouped in the types I, III and IV from Delgado. In addition, these handle attachments are subjected to comparative analysis with other pieces of similar characteristics found in other archaeological sites in the Iberian Peninsula. more...
- Published
- 2015
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49. Late Roman kitchen pottery discovered at Histria in the Centre-North Sector (2012)
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Bădescu, A. and Cliante, L.
- Subjects
late antiquity ,roman period ,scythia ,histria ,pottery ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The 50 pottery fragments presented in the following pages belong to a lot including 143 fragments discovered at Histria, in the Centre-North Sector, in a trench of 26×2 m excavated in 2012. In the previous issue of the present publication we presented 41 fragments of Oriental amphorae. The complete pottery lot is divided as follows : Vasa escaria – 25 fragments ; Vasa pota(to) ria – 15 fragments ; Vasa conquina(to) ria – 10 fragments. The processed lot is divided accordingly : 52.45% amphorae, 43.36% kitchen pottery, 2.80% oil lamps, and 1.40% varia. The statistics upon the entire discovered pottery lot indicate the following distribution : amphorae (77.60%), kitchen pottery (20.40%) and varia (2%) more...
- Published
- 2015
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50. Oriental amphorae discovered at Histria in the Acropolis Centre-South Sector (2014)
- Author
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Bădescu, A. and Bivolaru, A.
- Subjects
late antiquity ,roman period ,scythia ,histria ,pottery ,amphorae ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The 75 amphora fragments presented in this paper are part of a lot made up of 315 fragments discovered in 2014 at Histria, in the sector conventionally named Acropolis Centre-South (Acropolă Centru-Sud). The ceramic material is divided in 11 types of amphora and three types of amphora lids. The total pottery lot numbers 12,044 fragments divided as follows : amphorae (72.791%), kitchen ware (22.038%), pottery that could not be ascribed to a certain category (4.018%), lamps (0.232%), different other categories (construction material, Greek pottery, chips ; 0.921%). The statistics based on the entire ceramic lot demonstrate that amphorae remain the most important category of pottery, followed by kitchen ware, pottery that could not be ascribed to a certain category and different other categories (construction material, Greek pottery, chips). The lot we have processed can be divided as follows : amphorae (39.142%), kitchen ware (48.857%), lamps (7.428%) and others (4.573%) more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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