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Abdominal pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, occurring in 1: 10,000 to 1: 30,000 pregnancies and accounting for up to 1.4% of all ectopic pregnancies. It is classified as primary or secondary depending on the site of fertilization. However, when it does happen, it may remain unnoticed until term because the pregnancy can appear normal during clinical examination. Advanced abdominal pregnancy is associated with high mortality rate for both the mother and the baby at 1-20% and 40-95% respectively. We report a case of a 30-year-old female para 2+0, gravida 3 at 35 weeks + 1 day who presented at a tertiary facility in Eldoret Kenya with one-day history of per vaginal bleeding and 2 weeks history of no fetal movements. The importance of this case report is to highlight the challenges associated with diagnosis of advanced abdominal pregnancy in low resource settings. Ultrasound alone cannot be relied on to make the diagnosis. Whenever an induction is not working, abdominal pregnancy should be considered.

INTRODUCTION: Ectopic pregnancy is one of the causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Levonorgestrel (LNG) only emergency contraceptive pill is a well-established emergency contraceptive pill that is administered within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse. This study aimed at determining whether or not there is a significant association between levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive use and the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy. METHODS: case-control (1:3) study among 79 women with ectopic pregnancy (cases) matched against 237 women without (controls) at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Eldoret, Kenya; Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a questionnaire. Association between ectopic pregnancy and LNG-EC was assessed using Pearson chi-square test. The relationship between outcome and exposure (while adjusting for confounders) was assessed using logistic regression model. RESULTS: The mean age was 27.15 years. Both cases and controls were similar by age (p = 0.990), educational level (p = 0.850), marital status (p = 0.559), employment status (p = 0.186) and parity (p = 0.999). Seventy-eight (24.7%) participants had a history of miscarriage. A higher proportion of the cases had history of using LNG-EC compared to the controls (32.9% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.001). The use of LNG-EC portended more than nine times increased odds of ectopic pregnancy compared to other contraceptive methods {OR = 9.34 (95% CI: 3.9 - 16.0)}. CONCLUSION: levonorgestrel only emergency contraceptive use was associated with ectopic pregnancy. One of the limitations of this study is that we could not control for all confounders of ectopic pregnancy.