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Digital Rocks Portal (DRP, https://www.digitalrocksportal.org) organizes and preserves imaged datasets and experimental measurements of porous materials in subsurface, and beyond, with the mission to connect them to simulation and analysis, as well as educate the research community. We have over 150 projects represented in more than 200 publications, and an active community that reuses the data, most recently in multiple machine learning applications for automating image analysis as well as the prediction of transport. Such automation is crucial for performing formation evaluation tasks in near-real time. We present benchmark datasets that have played a role in recent machine learning prediction successes in the field. We further discuss the vision for further research advances, educational materials, as well as growth and sustainability plan of this digital rock physics community resource. In particular, we are in the process of expanding into a broader repository of engineered porous materials, specifically those for energy storage and the portal will transition to Digital Porous Media (DPM) in near future.

The main objective of the present work was to study the influence of different operating conditions in the microwave drying of drill cuttings and an eventual degradation of the condensed liquid collected during this operation. For this, a Central Composite Design (CCD) was used, considering three independent variables at three levels: initial olefin content (7.5, 10, and 12.5% w/w), power (250, 500, and 750 W), and time (5, 10, and 15 min); the residual olefin content being the response analyzed in the conducted tests without monitoring or control of the cutting’s temperature. All three variables studied were statistically significant, presenting a positive or negative effect on residual olefin content. As expected, the initial olefin content had a negative effect on the response. On the other hand, when considering the applied power and the drying time, the effect on decontamination yield was positive. The results showed that cuttings can be decontaminated at lower levels than those required by environmental legislation (offshore drilling), reaching residual olefin mass contents of less than 1%. Finally, the organic phase of recovered liquids, after the condensation of vapors produced during drying, was analyzed by gas chromatography technique. It was observed greater olefin degradation in the longer and higher power tests, especially in samples of condensed liquid collected inside the microwave oven.

The electrolattice Equation of State (EOS) is a model that extends the MattediTavares-Castier EOS (MTC EOS) to systems with electrolytes. This model considers the effect of three terms. The first one is based on a lattice-hole model that considers local composition effects derived in the context of the generalized Van der Waals theory: the MTC EOS was chosen for this term. The second and the third terms are the Born and the MSA contributions, which take into account ion charging and discharging and long-range ionic interactions, respectively. Depending only on two energy interaction parameters, the model represents satisfactorily the vapor pressure and the mean ionic activity coefficient data of single aqueous solutions containing LiCI, LiBr, LiI, NaCl, NaBr, NaI, KCl, KBr, KI, CsCl, CsBr, CsI, or RbCI. Two methods are presented and contrasted: the salt-specific and the ion-specific approaches. Therefore, the aim of this work is to calculate thermodynamic properties that are extensively used to design, operate and optimize many industrial processes, including water desalination. L’équation d’état, dite électrolattice, est un modèle qui étend l’équation d’état de Mattedi-Tavares-Castier à des systèmes avec électrolytes. Ce modèle prend en compte l’effet de trois termes. Le premier terme est basé sur les trous dans le réseau en considérant les effets de la composition locale, étude effectuée dans le cadre de la théorie généralisée de Van der Waals : l’équation d’état de Mattedi-Tavares-Castier a été choisie pour ce premier terme. Les deuxième et troisième termes sont les contributions de Born et du MSA. Ils tiennent compte du chargement et du déchargement des ions, et des interactions ioniques à longue distance, respectivement. Le modèle n’ayant besoin que de deux paramètres d’interaction énergétique, il modélise de manière satisfaisante la pression de vapeur et le coefficient d’activité ionique moyenne pour des solutions aqueuses simples contenant du LiC1, LiBr, LiI, NaC1, NaBr, NaI, KC1, KBr, KI, CsCl, CsBr, CsI, ou du RbC1. Deux méthodes pour obtenir les paramètres du modèle sont présentées et mises en contraste : une méthode spécifique pour le sel en question et une autre basée sur les ions. Par conséquent, l’objectif de ce travail est de calculer les propriétés thermophysiques qui sont largement utilisées pour la conception, l���exploitation et l’optimisation de nombreux procédés industriels, parmi eux le dessalement de l’eau.

Heat accumulation conditions of a collection of 44 grapevine cultivars currently grown in Portugal are assessed at very high spatial resolution (~1 km) and for 1981–2015. A Growing Degree Hours – GDH (February–October) index is used for this purpose. Three clusters of grapevine cultivars are identified, assembling varieties with close heat accumulation requirements (early, intermediate and late ripening). These clusters provide more physiologically consistent information when compared to previous studies, as non-linear plant-temperature relationships are herein taken into account. For the future climates in Portugal, ensemble mean projections under two anthropogenic-driven scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, 2041–2070), from four EURO-CORDEX simulations, reveal a widespread increase of GDH, but with spatial heterogeneities. The spatial variability throughout Portugal is projected to decrease in GDH, with strongest increases in the coolest regions of the northeast. The typical heat accumulation conditions of each cluster are projected to gradually shift north-eastwards and to higher-elevation areas. An unprecedented level of detail for a large collection of grapevine varieties in Portugal is provided, which may promote a better planning of climate change adaptation measures in Portuguese viticulture.

The Douro Demarcated Region (DDR) is one of the main winemaking regions in Portugal. Viticulture is tied to the Douro region, having a strong impact on the local economy. This mountainous region, characterized by the slopes of the Douro Valley, provides a vast range of environmental characteristics for winegrapes. Different climatic conditions, soil characteristics, topography, varieties and practices comprise the Douro terroirs, resulting in the uniqueness of the wines produced. In the current study, an assessment of the homogeneous viticultural zones is proposed for the Douro, by integrating different terroir elements (thermal, hydric, soils, topography and vegetation), using state-of-the-art very-high resolution datasets (1-km) and a large number of variables. A multivariate zoning was carried out using a principal component analysis (PCA) and a subsequent clustering. A geospatial assessment of the terroir elements was also performed separately for each sub-region in the DDR. The connections of the different terroirs prevailing at a given location were also innovatively assessed. This zoning may promote a more appropriate selection of vineyard sites, the selection of more locally-adapted varieties and rootstocks and the adoption of appropriate viticultural practices. The present study may be a standard methodology that can be applied to other winemaking regions worldwide.

In a contribution to systematic empirical research, this discussion of Erik Wright's neo-Marxist class theory and typology constructs a class typology for contemporary capitalist society based on the appropriation of assets like means of production, skills or credentials, and domination within production. A micro-level conception of class locations is designed (seeking to capture the constraints acting on agents), where these locations are structurally interconnected within macrostructural class relations. Class typology addresses differentiations between the owners of capital and wage employees (middle-class positions) within contemporary capitalist society but displays methodological limitations when it comes to the analytical exploration of extremes in class structure (big capital and underclass). Brazilian sociology should become more familiar with this move towards renewal within Marxist tradition, discussing it and making it part of empirical research.

Al finalizar, en julio de 1928, el XII Congreso del Partido Socialista, su órgano oficial reprodujo, destacado, un artículo traducido del catalán que interpretaba lo ocurrido entonces como un enfrentamiento entre quienes "representan el espíritu audaz, un poco aventurero, propio de los hombres educados exclusivamente en la acción política" y quienes "representan el espíritu constructivo, metódico, hostil a toda aventura".

RESUMEN: Analizar el origen, la presencia pública, las características y la representatividad social de los intelectuales en España es el objeto de este artículo. Desde la primera "intelligentsia" liberal y sus luchas contra el absolutismo, colocándose a la cabeza de las transformaciones políticas y sociales y contribuyendo de manera notable a la creación del mitologema populista de redención nacional, los intelectuales han mantenido una especial relación con "el pueblo" que iría cambiando con el paso del tiempo. Estudiar esa relación en el contexto del final de siglo y la irrupción de una nueva sociedad de masas, así como las consecuencias que arrastró para la posición asumida por el intelectual en la sociedad y frente a la política, constituye el núcleo de este trabajo. Palabras Clave: intelectuales, pueblo, sociedad de masas, liberalismo, crítica política. ABSTRACT: The object of this article is to analyze the origin, public presence, characteristics, and social significance of intellectuals in Spain. From the first liberal "intelligentsia" and their struggle against absolutism, when they placed themselves at the head of political and social transformations and contributed notably to the creation of the populist mythologem of national redemption, the intellectuals have maintained a special relationship with "the people" that would change over time. This paper focuses on the study of this relationship in the context of the end of the century and the irruption of a new society of masses as well as the consequences it entailed for the position assumed by the intellectuals in society and with regard to politics. Key words: Intellectuals, People, Society of Masses, Liberalism, Political Criticism.

The article reports on an empirical investigation into changes in the structural configuration of class positions and segments in Brazilian society from 1981 to 1996, applying a typology derived originally from Erik Olin Wright's neo-marxist class scheme. The investigation focuses on structural shifts and rates of changes in class positions and segments using the shift-share approach with the purpose of shedding light on the direction, scope, and determinant factors of change. The main structural transformations were the heavy reduction in agricultural strata and the (dualistic) urban expansion of the petite bourgeoisie and precarious self-employment.

La grossesse chez les femmes atteintes de lupus érythémateux systémique (LES) comporte un risque maternofœtal plus élevé que chez les femmes en bonne santé. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer l'issue des grossesses chez les patientes atteintes de LES. Étude rétrospective incluant des femmes enceintes atteintes de LES suivies dans deux services de rhumatologie portugais. Des données démographiques et cliniques ont été recueillies, notamment les facteurs de risque associés à la grossesse, l'activité de la maladie selon le SLEDAI-2K et les résultats maternofœtaux. Trente grossesses de 27 femmes ont été prises en compte. L'âge maternel moyen était de 33,9 ans et la durée moyenne de la maladie était de 81,6 mois. La plupart des patientes (n = 21 ; 77,8 %) ont reçu du conseil préconceptionnel, 86,7 % (n = 26) présentant une activité faible ou nulle de la maladie au moment de la conception. La néphropathie lupique était présent dans 20,0 % des cas (n = 6) et le syndrome des antiphospholipides (SAPL) dans 13,3 % des cas (n = 4). Dans 7 grossesses (23,3 %), les patientes étaient positives pour les anticorps anti-SSA, répondant aux critères du syndrome de Sjögren dans 3 cas (10,0 %). 36,7 % (n = 11) avaient des anticorps antiphospholipides. 23,3 % (n = 7) étaient en surpoids et 16,7 % (n = 5) obèses. Dans 23,3 % des cas (n = 7), il y avait hypertension artérielle. L'hydroxychloroquine a été utilisée dans presque toutes les gestations (n = 28 ; 93,3 %) avec deux cas exceptionnels dus à une toxidermie et à une faible réserve fonctionnelle ophtalmique. L'azathioprine a été utilisée dans 50 % des cas (n = 15), le tacrolimus dans 3,3 % des cas (n = 1) et les corticostéroïdes dans 60 % des cas (n = 18). Une grossesse (3,3 %) est survenue sous méthotrexate et suspendue par la suite. L'acide acétylsalicylique a été utilisé dans 86,7 % des cas (n = 26) et l'énoxaparine dans 23,3 % des cas (n = 7). Deux patientes (6,7 %) atteintes d'une néphropathie lupique connu ont eu une poussée de la maladie pendant la grossesse. Au total, 82,1 % (n = 23) des grossesses ont abouti à des naissances vivantes, la majorité à terme (n = 17 ; 73,9 %) et par accouchements vaginaux non instrumentaux (n = 10 ; 43,5 %). L'âge gestationnel moyen à la naissance était de 37,6 semaines et le poids moyen des nouveau-nés était de 2866 g. Un taux de fausse couche de 16,7 % (n = 5) et un taux d'accouchement prématuré de 26,1 % (n = 6) ont été constatés. Un retard de croissance fœtale (RCF) a compliqué 30,4 % (n = 7) des gestations et deux infections maternelles graves ont été signalées. Il n'y a eu aucun cas de décès maternel, fœtal ou périnatal, de prééclampsie, de lupus néonatal, de malformation fœtale ou de poussée de la maladie dans le post-partum. Les conseils préconceptionnels et l'amélioration de la prise en charge ont permis aux femmes atteintes de LES d'obtenir de meilleurs résultats de grossesse, similaires à ceux de la population générale, à l'exception de taux plus élevés de RCF, de prématurité et de faible poids à la naissance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le lupus érythémateux systémique (LES) touche principalement les femmes en période de procréation et augmente le risque de complications maternofœtales pendant la grossesse. L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire les résultats de la grossesse et d'identifier les facteurs prédictifs d'événements défavorables chez les patientes enceintes atteintes de LES. Étude rétrospective et longitudinale incluant des femmes enceintes atteintes de LES suivies dans deux services de rhumatologie portugais. Des données démographiques et cliniques ont été recueillies. L'activité de la maladie a été évaluée à l'aide du SLEDAI-2K. L'analyse statistique a été réalisée à l'aide de la version 4.2.2 du logiciel R, les valeurs de p inférieures à 0,05 étant considérées comme statistiquement significatives. Trente grossesses de 27 femmes ont été prises en compte. L'âge maternel moyen était de 33,9 ans et la durée moyenne de la maladie était de 81,6 mois. La plupart des femmes (n = 26 ; 86,7 %) présentaient une activité nulle ou faible de la maladie au moment de la conception. La néphropathie lupique (NL) était présent dans 20,0 % des cas (n = 6) et le syndrome des antiphospholipides (SAPL) dans 13,3 % des cas (n = 4). Dans 7 grossesses (23,3 %), les patientes étaient positives pour les anticorps anti-SSA, répondant aux critères du syndrome de Sjögren dans 3 cas (10,0 %). Au total, 36,7 % (n = 11) avaient des anticorps antiphospholipides (aPL). Dans 23,3 % des cas (n = 7), il y avait hypertension artérielle (HTA). Deux patientes (6,7 %) ont eu une poussée de la maladie pendant la grossesse, toutes deux avec une activité rénale dans le contexte d'un NL connu. 82,1 % (n = 23) des grossesses ont abouti à des naissances vivantes, la majorité à terme (n = 17 ; 73,9 %) et à des accouchements vaginaux non instrumentaux (n = 10 ; 43,5 %). L'âge gestationnel moyen à la naissance était de 37,6 semaines et le poids moyen des nouveau-nés était de 2866 g. Un taux de fausse couche de 16,7 % (n = 5) et un taux d'accouchement prématuré de 26,1 % (n = 6) ont été constatés. Le retard de croissance fœtale (RCF) a compliqué 30,4 % (n = 7) des gestations. L'analyse des facteurs maternels sur l'évolution obstétricale a montré que les fausses couches étaient plus fréquentes chez les femmes souffrant d'HTA (57,1 % vs 4,3 %, p = 0,006), de NL (66,7 % vs 4,2 %, p = 0,003), et d'aPL avec SAPL (75,0 % vs 0,0 %, p = 0,024). Aucune différence statistiquement importante n'a été constatée en ce qui concerne le RCF, les naissances prématurées ou l'insuffisance pondérale à la naissance. Cette étude suggère l'existence d'un risque accru de fausse couche chez les femmes atteintes de LES avec HTA, NL et aPL avec SAPL, en accord avec la littérature existante. Malgré l'amélioration de la prise en charge, le LES présente toujours un risque important de morbidité périnatale, ce qui souligne l'importance d'un suivi multidisciplinaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urethral stricture is defined by a decrease in the caliber of the urethral lumen which can cause a decrease or an interruption of the urine flow. This disease is much more common in men than in women, and several causes can be identified. The diagnosis depends on a careful patient history focusing on obstructive and/or irritative lower urinary tract symptoms and is confirmed by a specific work-up. Treatment ranges from conservative management to open surgery and requires specialized surgeons, so as an adequate technical platform. The evolution of surgical techniques has fortunately significantly increased long term success rates. Hence, the classical saying heard about the outcome of urethral stenosis treatment : « once a stricture, always a stricture » is no longer the rule., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

The obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence (2‑3 %), frequently causing a disabling condition. Drug and psychotherapeutic treatment is generally effective. However about 1/3 of the patients are treatment-resistant, suffering from chronic psychological distress with important sociofunctional repercussions. The identification of dysfunctional neural networks in this disease opens the door to the use of neuromodulation techniques, as deep brain stimulation (DBS). We discuss the clinical results of subthalamic nucleus DBS and the involvement of this nucleus in the pathophysiology of OCD. We emphasize the importance to confirm these results with a larger number of patients and to determine the benefits regarding the quality of life of implanted patients., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

It is thanks to great advances in the field of neuroscience, which allowed identifying dysfunctions in neural networks as the cause of many psychiatric and neurological diseases, that the number of indications for deep brain stimulation (DBS) has quickly expanded. Although the precise mechanism of action of DBS is unknown, this method probably works by influencing the neural pathways through stimulation of deep targeted brain nuclei which behave as "hubs" in these complex networks. Currently, there is growing interest on DBS' potential benefit, especially in the psychiatric field. This review intends to tackle the current and future psychiatric and neurological indications of DBS.

The obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a frequent disease with a high comorbidity. The usual treatment is a combination of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment. However, 30% of patients still have persistent and severe symptoms, with an important functional impact. These last years, the integration of the new neuroanatomical, neurochemical, neuropsychological, genetic and phenomenological data, allows a better understanding of the physiopathology and the development of new treatments for OCD, as neuromodulation for the severe and refractory cases., (© 2013 médecine/sciences – Inserm.)

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disease that affects 2-3% of the population with high comorbidity and a negative impact on the person overall functioning. About 30% of patients have severe and persistent symptoms despite the combination of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments. In these cases, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus allows both the reduction of symptoms severity and the improvement in overall functioning. A clinical case is presented by integrating the latest data research to show not only the result of DBS therapy but also its contribution to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of OCD.

Androgen deprivation is a therapeutic option for patients with prostate cancer, however with a range of side effects that negatively affects their physical and psychological condition. A multidisciplinary care program, ADAPP ("Androgenic deprivation in prostate cancer patients"), has been created with a special focus on managing these side effects. This article describes the intervention of the liaison psychiatry within this program, with care options ranging from psychological support to intensive psychotherapy to address patients' intrapsychic dynamics throughout this care program. Clinical cases are reported to illustrate the relevance and the necessity of this specialized counselling.

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by prolonged, generally partial, upper airways obstruction associated with hypoxemia and/or hypercapnia. Main etiological factors include hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoids. Polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosis. Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea must be established early in order to prevent complications. Adenotonsillectomy is an effective therapy.

We report the case of a woman suffering from complex partial seizures who developed Parkinson's disease at the age of 58. Parkinsonian symptoms improved transitorily after complex partial seizures. Although this has been reported after generalized seizures, this case is, to our knowledge, the first description of improvement of parkinsonian symptoms following a complex partial seizure.

The records of 63 patients with small bowel perforation after blunt abdominal trauma admitted to the Department of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Coimbra, from 1965 to 1981, have been reviewed to establish patterns of injury and to discuss their pathogenesis and operative management. The authors believe that injuries to the small intestine following blunt abdominal trauma are more common than is generally appreciated. Proper treatment is frequently delayed because these injuries are not recognized promptly. Factors contributing to this delay are the trivial nature of some of the responsible accidents and the often negative results of diagnostic aids.

Parachute deformity of the tricuspid valve was observed with a severe form of Fallot's Tetralogy with pulmonary atresia in a newborn. Signs of tricuspid stenosis (peripheral oedema, right atrial dilatation, hepatomegaly and conduction defects) were associated with the clinical signs of the principal malformation (severe hypoxaemia). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of parachute deformity of the tricuspid valve.

A case of a patient with haematogeneous infection by listeria monocytogenes, involving the basal and brainstem is reported. Clinically the disease manifested by fever and brainstem syndrome of acute onset. The microscopic examination revealed foci of suppurative encephalitis in the brainstem and basal ganglia. The possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. It is emphasized that the association of a febrile syndrome with brainstem dysfunction should raise the possibility of infection of the nervous system by listeria monocytogenes.