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The tourism industries today have adjusted to a rapidly shifting landscape and increased competition. "Smart tourism" is a word used to describe the present phase of tourist development that has been impacted by the advancement of information technologies and is emerging as a viable strategy for adjusting to the changing market conditions. In the age of digital revolution, big data has become increasingly important in influencing both new players in the tourism sector and how people travel throughout the world. With the use of big data, all of these businesses can forecast traveler demand, improve decision-making, manage information flows and customer interactions, and deliver top-most service more effectively and efficiently. These days, it's thought that design is essential to the success of tourist sites and enterprises. This conceptual paper synthesizes the past literature and gives an overview of how data analytics has been used in smart tourism.

Language played an integral role in the birth and development of the Indian state and is extremely important for understanding modern Indian politics. Language was a key component of the Indian national freedom struggle and this was reflected in independent India being reorganized on linguistic lines. The very essence of the Indian federal structure has language at its core. India is a multilingual and multicultural democratic state with more than sixteen hundred variants of languages being spoken in the country. Unity in Diversity is the mantra enshrined in the Constitution of India. Indian Constitution framers ensured that India followed a policy of accommodation towards its different diversities. India follows a policy of reverse discrimination which is followed by the centre and state governments in the form of reservation of seats in state run educational institutions and employments of states and central government. The reservation policy is dependent on whether an individual belongs to a minority community in India. But the term ‘minority’ is nowhere defined by the Constitution of India. Who constitutes minority? What should be the criteria of determining who is a «minority»? The case with the religious and caste based minorities is simpler as they have a pan Indian identity. The paper presents a historical journey of the role played by language in pre and post independent India and by doing this throws light upon the question- who are linguistic minorities in India? It focuses on the Constituent Assembly debates in India, the legal cases regarding linguistic minority and their recognition by the Indian state and state policies towards linguistic minority groups in India. The paper also moves ahead in its endeavor for preserving linguistic diversity and emphasizes the role of linguistic minority group members to actively work towards the development and maintenance of their languages.

This paper describes the necessary and inevitable changes in the leadership of the Social Economy in Canada due to socio-economic and demographic trends. The first macroeconomic trend affecting the growing size of the social economy in Canada is growing income inequality. The second macroeconomic trend is a long-term period of fiscal restraint by different levels of government in Canada. Another trend is the changing demographics in Canada, which has two components, population growth from immigration and population growth in Indigenous communities. The trends are accompanied by critiques of the direction of the trend with respect to the social economy, arguing that the social economy is a contested space. One of the key conclusions is that the agency and leadership opportunities of marginalized and equity seeking groups in starting and maintaining social economy organizations is limited by current system structures. Bourdieu’s framework of capital, habitus and field are used as theoretical frameworks for analysis to argue that the existing support systems for starting and developing social economy organizations are designed to maintain existing power structures.

This article looks at the work of Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain (1880-1932), the writer of Sultana’s Dream and an individual who is claimed as both a national figure in Bangladesh and a global figure by international feminists. I foreground Rokeya’s narrative and stylistic choices (the ‘how’ of her texts rather than the ‘what’) to reveal the ways in which her reflections on writing become a space in which she asserts women’s claims to authority and tries to capture the elusive nature of imagination and creativity. Drawing on the work of Hélène Cixous, I look at Rokeya’s experimentations with genre through her use of the waking dream, a narrative frame which allows her to draw attention to the act of composition as related to forms of inspiration and states of consciousness that are not reducible to a discourse of rationality or reform. The essay then suggests that another entry point to understand the waking dream is its place within the Islamic tradition, where dreams are often the vehicles through which the pious receive revelation, guidance and knowledge.

Airtight and highly insulated educational buildings are subjected to overheating risks, even in moderate climates, due to unforeseeable events like frequent heatwaves (HWs) and power outages (POs) leading to heat-stress and negative impact on the health conditions and cognitive performance of the students. The focus of this paper is to evaluate thermal resilience for two lecture rooms equipped with the low-energy cooling strategies natural night ventilation (NNV) and indirect evaporative cooling (IEC). To assess the thermal resilience to overheating, the lecture rooms were tested with and without passive cooling strategies for 3 Typical meteorological years (TMYs), 3 severe HWs and those 3 HWs + POs. Results evaluating the existing indicators unmet degree hours, indoor overheating degree (IOD), ambient warmness degree (AWD), and overheating escalation factor (αIOD) demonstrated that with passive cooling strategies the two test lecture rooms have good thermal resilience during TMY and HW periods (except long-term severe HW), with 18% higher unmet degree hours during HWs. Lecture room with heavier thermal mass demonstrated higher thermal resilience to overheating in long-term assessment. Furthermore the need to develop a holistic resilience indicator taking into account building and system parameters was also pointed out in this study.

Throughout their lifetime, buildings might face unpredictable shocks leading to fast deterioration of comfort levels. The ability of buildings and systems to absorb the shock and bring back the indoor conditions to their designed state is termed as “resilience”. Ventilation and thermal resilience have been studied under homogeneous conditions. However, the established airflow indoors and hence resilience is non-homogeneous. In this work, the spatial aspect of ventilation and thermal resilience will be assessed in a classroom equipped with displacement ventilation using 3D CFD modeling. Two sources of pollution were considered in the space: CO2 and VOCs. To study resilience, the numerical model was simulated until steady state. Subsequently, a power outage shock of 60 min was induced. The temporal and spatial mappings of temperature, and pollutants’ concentration were recorded in the occupied zone at the breathing height of 1.2 m and compared to that at the exhaust. Building resilience was assessed through ppm.hours and degree.hours and compared at both locations. Results showed that resilience is rather a non-homogeneous field that depends on the location of heat sources and pollution sources in the space. However, results showed that any over or under estimations (~20 − 28%) in assessing the thermal or ventilation resilience are negligible when evaluated at either the breathing plane or the exhaust.

Large attenuation of arsenic is observed in a shallow aquifer in central Mexico, where the concentration decreases from 91.5 to 11.3 mg/L, over 1.3 km horizontal distance. To investigate possible mechanisms of attenuation of this pollutant, we dug a pit between the surface and the saturated zone. We then described the soil profile and determined arsenic and iron concentrations in soil samples as a function of depth. Next, we determined particle size distribution, bulk density, particle density, soil moisture and porosity of the soil material. We also analyzed arsenic concentration in the groundwater. The 2.2 m deep profile intersected 4 soil horizons (A, AB, B1 and B2). We found arsenic accumulation in the B2 horizon, directly overlying the saturated zone. These accumulations coincide with the thickness of the capillary fringe, revealing that arsenic is drawn up in the soil profile by capillary rise of arsenic-contaminated groundwater. Furthermore, arsenic accumulation showed a direct relationship with iron, likely due to arsenic adsorption on iron oxides. Results from this study contribute to understanding a capillary-driven natural attenuation mechanism that removes contaminants from groundwater by sinking them in the capillary fringe.

This article seeks to understand Indigenous social enterprise in a “current state snapshot” and in a complex historical context. Specifically, the authors begin by placing into theoretical context social enterprises serving Indigenous communities. The framework for Indigenous social enterprise is related to theories of Indigenous entrepreneurship and “quadruple bottom line” organizations. The authors explain the role of culture as an under-researched element and as a critical component of Indigenous social enterprise. The article also highlights gender leadership of social enterprise in Indigenous communities. Finally, the article provides three case studies that exemplify Indigenous social enterprise in Canada. Dans cet article, les auteurs cherchent à comprendre les entreprises sociales autochtones dans leur état actuel ainsi que dans la complexité de leur contexte historique. Plus précisément, les auteurs commencent leur article en situant dans un contexte théorique particulier les entreprises sociales desservant les communautés autochtones. Le cadre utilisé pour décrire ces entreprises a des liens avec des théories sur l’entreprenariat autochtone et sur les organisations à quadruple résultat. Ensuite, les auteurs représentent la culture comme étant à la fois un élément insuffisamment étudié et une composante critique de l’entreprise sociale dans un milieu autochtone. D’autre part, ils rendent compte de la prédominance des leaders féminins dans ces entreprises. Finalement, ils présentent trois études de cas illustrant l’entreprise sociale autochtone au Canada.