Search

ABSTRACTBackground Insomnia, and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), a surrogate marker of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), are common sleep-related conditions among painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD) patients. OSA was found to increase the risk of chronic painful TMD.Aims This prospective cohort study aims to determine the contribution of insomnia and EDS on acute to chronic painful TMD transition as well as its persistence when chronic pain is defined by: (i) duration (> 3 months), and (ii) dysfunction (Graded Chronic Pain Scale [GCPS II-IV]).Methods From 456 patients recruited between 2015 to 2021, through four locations in Canada, 378 completed the follow-up. A diagnosis was obtained using the Research Diagnostic Criteria or the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. Insomnia was assessed with the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISS), and OSA was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) which measures EDS, both at baseline. Patients completed the GCPS form at baseline and 3-month follow-up.Results Borderline associations were found between EDS and the transition or persistence of chronic painful TMD when chronic pain was defined by pain duration (RR adjusted_duration = 1.11, P = 0.07) and dysfunction (RRadjusted_dysfunction =1.40, P = 0.051). Furthermore, EDS was specifically associated with persistent painful TMD when chronic pain was defined by pain duration (RR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.00-1.26, P = 0.04). Insomnia was not related to the study outcomes (RRadjusted_duration = 0.94, P = 0.27, RRadjusted_dysfunction =1.00, P = 0.99). Conclusion Results indicate that EDS contrary to insomnia predicted the persistence of chronic painful TMD at a 3-month follow-up.

Abstract This study is about Jani Beg khwarizm coins ,I published seven new pieces that have not been published before for instance one of theses coins is a dinar possessed by king Abd el Aziz public library ,a dirham possessed by fint in tubing university in Germany ,another dirham possessed by Fitzwilliam museum in Denmark ,and four pieces possessed by The American numismatic society, In addition to some other pieces published in international Auctions and catalogs . What makes the study significant is that it sheds light on Jani Beg coins , one of Mongol Empire khanate, which reached The Golden Horde territory.The golden horde is a large area begins with Irtysh River in the east and to blogger on the west. It begins from Russia and saqaliba’s lands in the north to ilkhanate Kingdome in Iran and Asia minor besides other lands beyond the river and Turkistan .The Mongols were known as the golden tribe because their tents of their camps were golden they, They were also known as Mongols of north because there khanate were located at the north side of khanate Turkistan. Lands beyond the river ilkhanate , Iran and Asia minor they were also called Mongols of golden horde because they settled in golden horde because they settled in golden horde territory lands I am dealing with these coins according to the type of metal . I stated with golden coins followed by the silver ones, then copper coins and finally the bronze ones ,After that I divided the coins into categories according to their look , the writings on than, and their motif. I described their look, then I mentioned the writings over it starting from the front to the back, this is followed by analytical study to the text over each category according to the historical events for the ruler .I also clarify the features that make every category unique. After that I deal with the models of each category that have not been published before followed by the models that was published before.

The Pavement ME Design method considers the hot mix asphalt (HMA) dynamic modulus (E*) as the main mechanistic property that affects pavement performance. For the HMA, E* can be determined directly by laboratory testing (level 1) or it can be estimated using predictive equations (levels 2 and 3). Pavement-ME Design introduced the NCHRP1-40D model as the latest model for predicting E* when levels 2 or 3 HMA inputs are used. This study focused on utilizing laboratory measured E* data to compare NCHRP1-40D model with Hirsh model. This comparison included the evaluation of the binder characterization level as per Pavement ME Design and its influence on the performance of these models. E*tests were conducted in the laboratory on 25 local mixes representing different road construction projects in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The main tests for the mix binders were dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and Brookfield Rotational Viscometer (RV). Results showed that both models with level 3 binder data produced very similar accuracy. The highest accuracy and lowest bias for both models occurred with level 3 binder data. Finally, the accuracy of prediction and level of bias for both models were found to be a function of the binder input level.