Search

The targeting and timeliness of financial and non-financial measures of state support for small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of agriculture within the framework of ongoing state support for entrepreneurship in the Russian Federation are currently crucial not only for a specific industry, but also for the national economy of the country as a whole, as they minimize the risks associated with the specifics of the activities of these enterprises, and make it possible to redistribute the resources released as a result of the support received to enhance the digitalization of business processes. The authors investigated the results of providing financial and non–financial support to SMEs in the Sverdlovsk region, including in the field of agriculture, received from the regional Development Institute of the Sverdlovsk region for the period from 2021 to 2023. The conclusions obtained by the authors showed the need to strengthen measures to support small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of agriculture by the state through regional development institutions, which will ensure the growth and scaling of their business and allow for a more comprehensive implementation of digitalization processes in business planning and operational management of enterprises.

The most remarkable technology brought to dairy farms by the digital transformation in agriculture is undoubtedly robotic milking systems (RMS). Knowing the economic impact of this technology is essential for farmers to adopt. For this purpose, in the study; a simulation model was created that gives possible economic analysis results as a result of the use of RMS by using the current economic analysis results of dairy farms. For the economic analysis of dairy farms, data obtained from face-to-face surveys from 148 dairy farms were used. Assumptions used in the simulation model for comparing RMS and conventional milking systems (CMS) were 8.66% increase in milk yield, 58.46% increase in investment costs, 36.66% increase in energy consumption, 1.33% increase in feed costs and 27.84% decrease in labor input. The economic analysis of the dairy farms was made again with these new input and output values obtained. While the simulation results show that the use of RMS is a preferable investment that increases profitability for 10-60 head and 121 + head groups; it shows that it will be an investment that negatively affects profitability for the 61-120 head group. The simulation model was used by taking the average values of the data belonging to the dairy farm groups. A dairy farmer considering an RMS investment can be able to obtain a result specific to his farm if he combines the simulation model with his own economic analysis results.

In this publication we present a comparative study of effectiveness of enrofloxacin and moxifloxacin for treatment of chickens, experimentally infected with Salmonella infantis. The chickens received both drugs in water-soluble form via drinking water ad libitum at concentrations of 200 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L one day before the challenge and then four consecutive days. The chickens were challenged by intraperitoneal injection with 150 million CFUs of one-day old agar culture of S. infantis in 0.5 mL isotonic saline. The observation period was 15 days. Enrofloxacin proved most effective (88% and 84%) at concentrations of 200 mg/L and 100 mg/L. Lower concentrations caused a decrease in its effectiveness. When enrofloxacin was administered at a concentration of 50 mg/L the survival rate for chickens was 64%. The effectiveness of moxifloxacin in our experiment was considerably lower. The survival rate for chickens, receiving moxifloxacin at concentrations 200 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L was respectively 32%, 28%, 32% and 16%, and their average lifespan was half as long as of those groups, receiving enrofloxacin. The results of our research prove the high effectiveness of enrofloxacin at a concentration 200 mg/L in drinking water for the treatment of experimental salmonellosis in chickens.

Declining bee populations and decreasing marketability of apiaries pose the necessity for a comprehensive monitoring of the morphological characteristics of honeybees. The monitoring was performed in an introgressive aspect for the first time in the Volga region (Samara region) to preserve the local population of the Middle Russian race (Apis mellifera mellifera L.). Moreover, the race of queen bees was identified through the assessment of drones. Based on the race identification, small population structures of the native forest bee were revealed, which is a prerequisite for restoration of its genetic resources with the corresponding restriction of the import of bees from the southern regions where other taxonomic groups are bred.

As the main hypothesis, it is suggested that the existing unevenness in the number of precision farming elements used in agriculture in the subjects of the Russian Federation is related to regional characteristics and specific features of the agricultural sector of the regional economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the geographical features of the regions that are most preferable for the use of precision farming technology in agricultural production. Mathematical modeling uses data from 20 subjects of the Russian Federation on the dynamics of the introduction and use of precision farming elements and the characteristics of these regions for 14 different indicators that can in one way or another affect the introduction of these technologies. Multiple correlation was obtained using 5 characteristics of regions (the correlation coefficient was r=0.89±0.1). At the same time, two indicators (the change in the level of registered unemployment and the amount of subsidies per 1 ha of agricultural land) were inversely dependent on the result of the introduction of precision farming elements. The selected indicators determined the intensity of introduction of precision farming elements in the regions by almost 80% (the coefficient of determination was D=0.798). The identification of these features and the construction of an appropriate model allows to predict the most preferred regions for the use of precision farming elements in agricultural production based on the generalization of existing experience.

The use of a new form of the probiotic preparation of Bacillus subtilis consisting in emulsion of bacteria in palmitic acid has been studied. When evaluating the effectiveness of probiotics, it was assumed that the content of bacterial DNA in the feces is proportional to their content in the intestine. Analysis of the number of bacterial DNA was carried out by real-time PCR. The results showed a positive effect from the use of emulsified bacteria. It was observed in an increase in the amount of B. subtilis in the intestine and, as a consequence, their DNA in the feces of rats.

Gas distribution points (GDP) at TPPs are sources of intense noise. Results of noise experimental measurements originating from TPP GDP demonstrate that the sound level at a distance of 10 m could reach 110 dBA. Gas reduction valves are the source of noise in GDP. Noise emission characteristic of the gas reduction valves depends on their geometric and design parameters. To reduce the noise propagating in a low-pressure gas pipeline from gas reduction valves, various types of noise silencers are used. This paper presents results of noise experimental measurements in the vicinity of the GDP buildings at various energy enterprises. Overview and classification of silencers by various manufacturers used at TPP GDPs are provided.

Industrial enterprises are responsible for increasing production waste. The purpose of the research is to develop tools of material resources management in lean production for sheet metal cutting at engineering enterprises with single or serial types of production. At the previous stages of the research, a situational analysis of the cutting process was conducted, a literature review was carried out, and the main provisions of the sorting method of sheet metal material resources after cutting were defined for dividing them into groups of business or non-business material resources. The main provisions of the proposed method are specified in this article. Further research tasks are also identified.

In order to estimate radiation effects on uranium enterprise staff and population teeth samples were collected for EPR tooth enamel dosimetry from population of Stepnogorsk city and staff of uranium mining enterprise in Shantobe settlment (Akmola region, North of Kazakhstan). By measurements of tooth enamel EPR spectra, the total absorbed dose in the enamel samples and added doses after subtraction of the contribution of natural background radiation are determined. For the population of Stepnogorsk city average added dose value of 4 +/- 11 mGy with variation of 51 mGy was obtained. For the staff of uranium mining enterprise in Shantobe settlment average value of added dose 95 +/- 20 mGy, with 85 mGy variation was obtained. Higher doses and the average value and a large variation for the staff, probably is due to the contribution of occupational exposure.

The tooth enamel electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dosimetry method was used to determine accidental doses of population of settlements in the vicinity of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS), Kazakhstan. The influence of four explosions to the populations was included into this report. The distances between investigated settlements and Ground Zero (SNTS) are in the range of 70-200 km from SNTS. Most of settlements (Dolon, Mostik, Bodene, Cheremushki, Kanonerka) are located near the central axis of radioactive fallout trace from the most contaminating surface nuclear test, which was conducted in 29, August 1949. The other settlements located close to radioactive fallout trace result in a surface nuclear tests in 24, August 1956 (Ust-Kamenogorsk, Znamenka, Shemonaikha, Glubokoe, Tavriya, Gagarino), in 12 august 1953 (Sarzhal) and in 7, August 1962 (Akzhar, Kurchatov, Begen, Semenovka, Buras, Grachi). Tooth samples were extracted according to medical recommendations in a course of ordinary dental treatment.

This paper is devoted to the issue of the location of robotics and related technologies with the use of artificial intelligence in the legal field, as well as determining the direction and studying the ratio of the speed of development of such technologies in comparison with the development of legal mechanisms and law enforcement process as a whole. The question of the applicability of the established law in relation to representatives of the digital world in the form of robots with artificial intelligence as independent, autonomous subjects of the existing system was studied. New legal initiatives of the scientific community in the issues of regulation and responsibility in the sphere of real technologies are considered. The impact on the relationship between man and artificial intelligence or the legal regulation of these relations is today a field with numerous new tasks, including the solution of ethical and social problems, the organization of safe conditions for the existence and development of society. In the process of presentation of materials and methods of research the corresponding conclusions are obtained. The purpose of the research is to systematize the existing experience in the field of legal regulation of processes of creation or development, subsequent integration and use of artificial intelligence, robotics and similar, other technologies from this area. The research also aims to identify and highlight the main trends and key issues in this area. In the course of this research, emphasis has been placed on the significant increase in international competition in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies between private companies and states.

Optimizing the use of water resources in conditions of increasing intensity of agricultural production is an important scientific and national economic problem. The complexity and uncertainty of forecasting agricultural demand for water resources necessitates the use of artificial intelligence systems. The authors reviewed research on the use of artificial intelligence systems in the field of analyzing the state of water resources in agricultural production. The purpose of the study is to analyze research on the use of artificial intelligence systems in the field of analyzing the state of water resources for agricultural needs. The scope of application of artificial intelligence systems is to increase the awareness of managers and specialists of agricultural organizations and industry management bodies about the state of water resources. This, in turn, allows you to make optimal decisions on various agricultural activities. The use of artificial intelligence models for water resource management in agriculture will provide significant economic benefits. The areas of application of these models are related to optimizing the use of water resources, saving water, increasing crop yields, saving money on water quality analysis.

On a reclaimed site in the conditions of the Central NonChernozem region of Russia (Tver region), the productivity of potato varieties Sadon and Gala was studied on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition (N120P160K180 and N120P160K180 + trace elements) with different variants of non-root top dressing (control (without top dressing), Aquarin 12 (2x top dressing), Humate +7 (2x top dressing); Aquarin 12 (1st top dressing) + Humate +7 (2nd top dressing)). As a result, it was revealed that the highest yield and crop quality were obtained from the Sadon variety, which in 2023 formed 32.8 thousand plants/ha, 40.7 t/ha of tubers with a dry matter content of 20.4%. The microelement additive provided a significant increase in yield (1.9 t/ha) only for this variety. Against the background without a trace element additive, the highest tuberous productivity in the Sadon variety was provided by 2-fold use of the preparation Humate+7 (an increase of 6.4 t/ha), in the Gala variety – Aquarin 12 + Humate+7 (an increase of 6.7 t/ha). Against the background of the microelement additive for the Sadon variety, the increase in yield was ensured by the use of all foliar dressings (3.9 - 4.6 t/ha). A strong direct relationship was found between the yield of tubers and the density of plants standing for harvesting and the chlorophyll content index (CCI) (correlation coefficient r = 0.76 – 0.80).

The most significant characteristics of the soil are water-physical, biological and other properties, by influencing which it is possible to increase the productivity of agricultural crops. Analyzing various soil characteristics is a very labor-intensive and expensive process. The authors reviewed research on the use of artificial intelligence systems in the field of soil analysis. The purpose of the study is to analyze research on the use of artificial intelligence systems in the field of soil analysis. The article presents an analysis of artificial intelligence systems based on artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector machine (SVM), multiple regression (MR) methods, particle swarm algorithm (PSO) and also their ensembles (various combinations). The use of these systems (their models) makes it possible to predict various types of soil erosion, predict soil temperature and moisture depending on various conditions, and also predict such complex indicators as the cation exchange capacity of the soil. The scope of application of artificial intelligence systems is to increase the awareness of managers and specialists of agricultural organizations and industry management bodies about various soil characteristics. This, in turn, allows you to make optimal decisions on various agricultural activities. Artificial intelligence systems can process significant amounts of data with high accuracy and speed compared to humans, which makes it possible to more effectively analyze many factors affecting the condition of the soil. The use of artificial intelligence systems can significantly reduce the cost of analyzing various soil characteristics and is a necessary condition for the use of precision farming systems.

The past period of economic and agrarian reforms has shown that actively applied measures to radically change production relations have not yet yielded positive results, since the mechanism for creating the appropriate productive forces, and especially from the active technical part, has not been developed. The need to improve management methods in the field of equipment operation is dictated by the deepening contradictions of an economic, technical and environmental nature. They can only be resolved through a systematic approach. The article provides an analysis of the development of interrelated complex and differentiated standards for the need for material, labor and other resources for various levels and modes of planning.

In economics, the ecosystem approach becomes the main method of analysing large communities. In this paper, the object of research is the ecosystem of a smart territory (smart ecosystem, i-ecosystem). The subject of the study is economic relations based on the analysis of the results of mapping the ecosystem of a smart territory. We single out economic analysis as the main tool of ecosystem management. The synthesis of mapping the ecosystem of a smart territory and various methods of its analysis allows us to identify key growth points and promising directions of ecosystem dynamics. The problem of the study is the lack of systematization of the directions of ecosystem economic analysis. The purpose of the study is to systematize the directions of economic analysis based on the results of mapping the ecosystem of a smart territory. Logical and systematic methods of research allowed to conduct a content analysis of scientific papers. The research algorithm includes a review of previous studies, formulation of the research problem, systematization of the directions of economic analysis of the ecosystem of a smart territory. The methodological foundation of the research is represented by the system concept, the paradigm of sustainable development, and the ESG approach. The result of the work was a table on the directions of economic analysis of the ecosystem of the smart territory.

A quantitative assessment of the expectations of farmers regarding the increase in the profitability of production as a result of the introduction of these technologies is given. For this, a survey was conducted of managers and specialists of 47 agricultural organizations in the Middle Urals. According to the results of the survey, it was found that only 6.7% of respondents stated that they received more than 10% of information using digital devices. At the same time, 54.3% of respondents are concerned about the leakage of data on the activities of an organization connected to the Internet when using IoT technologies. The areas of application of IoT technologies, in accordance with the answers of respondents, are related to the use of IoT technologies to control the consumption of resources (water, electricity, fuel, etc.) (23.4% of answers), remote control of machines and equipment (20.6%), forecasting crop yields and animal productivity (14.0%), monitoring conditions on farms (13.1%) and others. The main problems in the application of IoT technologies are the lack of free funds (25.0% of all answers) and the high cost of implementing IoT technologies (17.7%). A significant proportion of respondents (20.2%) indicated a low level of state support, which slows down the pace of implementation of IoT technologies. In general, one can note the low level of awareness of farmers about IoT technologies. The results of the study make it possible to identify barriers and limitations of the use of IoT in agriculture, to outline ways to overcome them.

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the significant pace of implementation of IoT technologies in agriculture and the poor theoretical development of their application. The purpose of the study is to identify the main areas of application of IoT technologies in agriculture. The scientific novelty is the theoretical provisions on the directions of the use of IoT technologies in the industry. The analysis of scientific publications in this area of research has been carried out and the main areas of application of IoT technologies in the industry have been clarified, and their characteristics have been given. The main applications of IoT technologies in agriculture include smart (smart farm, smart field) and intelligent (real-time data collection) environments, predictive analysis of crop yields and animal productivity, various measurements, predictive maintenance, resource consumption control and remote management of machines and equipment. The results of the study allow deepening knowledge about IoT technologies used in agriculture, contributing to their systematization, expanding the range of IoT types used by agricultural organizations.

The article analyses the possibility of using elements of thermal memory to create a system that allows to perform calculations in memory. Such a computing system is built on devices that are used simultaneously for storing input data, performing a logical operation, and storing the output result. The authors conclude that it is possible to emulate this behaviour by using thermal memory elements with dielectric (SiO2) by a layer of thermal insulation. Special attention is paid to the logic gates of computing systems and their realisation on the basis of thermal memory elements. Simulation modelling of the work of such elements is carried out on the ANSYS Workbanch platform using the Transient Thermal module for non-stationary thermal calculations. On the basis of the modelling, the possibility of creating two basic logic gates “AND” and “OR” is established. The results can be used to create more integrated structures, such as artificial neural networks.

The negative situation revealed promising directions for the development of various segments of IT services, and entrepreneurs received a driver for development in the form of new information technologies. In modern conditions, the IT market is developing much more dynamically than most industries. Together with fundamental factors, the development of the IT services market is accelerated by current socio-economic processes. So the pandemic for three years provokes stagnation in many industries and sectors of the economy, but at the same time activates the development of new IT. The object of this study is the dynamics and prospects of the Russian IT services market. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of the IT services market, assess the risks and potential development opportunities. The article presents the results of a statistical analysis of the time series of the IT services market, some data from an econometric analysis. The results of a correlation-regression analysis to determine the relationship between GDP and the IT services market, calculations of correlation coefficients, elasticity and β-coefficient are presented. Preliminary calculations of predictive dynamics of the IT services market are given. As a result of the analysis, potential opportunities and threats for forecasting are identified, which are required in the subsequent integrated forecasting model and structural modeling using discrete mathematics.

Despite the fact that the Mohr-Coulomb theory of strength appeared more than a hundred years ago, many authors are still conducting research in accordance with the recommendations to find optimal solutions to practical problems. From the Coulomb-Mohr theory, a huge number of methods for solving applied problems were formed, for example, the initial critical load, which is useful for research in the article. This formula is no longer new, but despite this, it is still the object of research. The authors of this article consider the case of the assumption, applying it when issuing a formula for the initial critical load. Based on the initial critical load, a formula for the design soil resistance was obtained, which is still regulated by codes and standards in the field of design. The authors reflect the main ependencies that appear in the calculation of the stress-strain state in soil mechanics. Based on these dependencies, the amount of allowable stress is revealed, under which the condition of linear deformability will be satisfied. The authors have shown that the proposed formula for any stability parameters will correspond to the Mohr-Coulomb limit state condition. The conclusion of the article compares the effect of the formula obtained by the authors and the recipe of the formula obtained by N.P. Puzyrevsky.