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The definition of homelessness and the policies responding to it differ from society to society, as does understanding a state of being "homeless", all of which are socially constructed. Because in Japan today homelessness is perceived only as a situation of sleeping on the street, the prevalence is perceived as low. However, this definition is narrow compared to what, for example, FEANTSA has proposed in Europe. Therefore, Japanese policy and policy makers need to shift to be congruent with international standards. To begin this shift we need to understand how the "narrow" perception of homelessness in Japan has been constructed. Therefore, in this paper a historical review is provided starting on the premise of the "loss of home" of Japanese society after World War II, the rapid increase of "visible homelessness" since the 1990s, the enactment of formal homelessness law, and rising "visible homelessness". More recently there is also expanded interest in "invisible homelessness" due to current homelessness research. The issue of lack of a public housing allowance and limited public housing is explored connected to an absence of housing policy. Finally, the Covid-19 pandemic has increased anxiety about the loss of homes and there is a need to shift homelessness measures into housing policy.

As geotecnologias são um conjunto de tecnologias voltadas para coleta, processamento, análise e disponibilização da informação com referência geográfica. Diante disso, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é demonstrar por meio das análises espaciais as características ambientais de um empreendimento localizado no município de Currais ”“ PI, objeto do procedimento de licenciamento ambiental do órgão competente estadual, utilizando as ferramentas das geotecnologias. A metodologia consistiu na utilização do Sistema de Informações Geográficas Quantum GIS (QGIS) para a criação e tratamento do banco de dados geográfico. Por meio da geração de mapas temáticos, foi possível concluir que as utilizações das geotecnologias auxiliam no controle e monitoramento ambiental, no qual facilita a visualização e caracterização de diversas feições ambientais no procedimento de licenciamento ambiental. Também foi possível identificar as áreas que merecem uma maior atenção do órgão ambiental em virtude de algum dano ao meio ambiente, bem como auxilia na fiscalização ambiental e legislação vigente.

To investigate the mechanical energy applying to the particles in a grinding process using a planetary ball mill, the impact energy of particles was estimated by simulating the behavior of the particles and grinding balls using the discrete element method (DEM) under different conditions of the size and number of particles, corresponding to their variations during milling. As the impact energy contributing to the particle breakage, we focused on the particle impact energy generated at particle-to-grinding ball/wall and particle-to-particle collisions. The particle size and the number of particles affected the level of particle impact energy at a single collision and the number of collisions of particles, respectively, resulting in an increase of the total impact energy of particles with decreasing particle size and increasing number of particles. The result suggests that milling conditions such as the size of grinding balls should be adjusted appropriately based on the variation of the size and number of particles so that the particles can receive large amounts of the impact energy during milling.

This manuscript focuses on the leaching of geogenic arsenic (As) from shale rock at different temperatures. In Japan, the utilisation of geogenic contaminated soils and rocks for construction such as in embankment is much encouraged. Therefore, when applying thermally active geo-systems such as thermal energy storage and ground-source heat pump, which are associated with ground temperature changes, we need to know its impact on the leaching behaviour of such contaminated geomaterials. In this study, the leaching of chemicals from an excavated shale rock containing geogenic As was assessed using a shaking and non-shaking batch test. In those experiments, different temperatures up to 40 ºC and contact times ranging from 6–360 h were employed. Overall, it was found out that more As was leached with elevated temperatures and its concentration was notably higher under the non-shaking condition. Further, under the non-shaking condition, its concentration was highest at 40 ºC with contact time of 360 h, whereby ca. 0.06 mg/L As was leached, which is 6 times the permissible limit of 0.01 mg/L in Japan.

Titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V are widely used in the aerospace domain worldwide; consequently, they have been extensively investigated, and the accumulated data has facilitated their use in the construction of structural members. In contrast, commercial pure (CP) Ti, which is cheaper than Ti alloys is widely used in the general industry, especially in the marine domain in Japan because it exhibits superior seawater corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, CP titanium has a strong anisotropy and consists of an hcp crystal structure; therefore, the strength data are insufficient owing to its short use history as a structural material, and some of its mechanical material properties remain unclear. Herein, the effect of mean stress and stress concentration on the fatigue strength of CP Grade 2 titanium was evaluated for the application range expansion of CP titanium. The results indicated that the fatigue limit in the longitudinal direction was 80–84% that in the transverse direction for smooth specimens. However, no significant difference was noted in the fatigue limit in both the directions for notched specimens. Furthermore, it was noted that it is necessary to apply at least Sa-0.5Su line to design the safe side in CP Grade 2 titanium.

In recent years, energy conservation has become a major focus in the industrial sector. Many office buildings in Japan achieve energy savings by introducing highly efficient equipment and systems, such as high-temperature cooling water (14 °C), which increases heat source efficiency. However, such equipment requires adjustments to increase operational efficiency. In this case study, the efficiency of equipment using high-temperature cooling water was further improved through operation control optimization. The energy efficiency before and after the improvement was compared. The target building has chilled and hot water supplied to each floor from district heating and high-temperature chilled water supplied from cooling chillers on the rooftop. The energy consumption of two floors was evaluated: a subjective floor with equipment using high-temperature cooling water installed, and a common floor with a conventional system. After on-site verification, changes were made to the operation control of the cooling towers, condenser pumps, primary pumps, secondary pumps, and air handling units. As a result, the coefficient of performance of the water-cooled chiller and the whole system improved by 0.40 and 0.45, respectively. The flow rate of the air conditioning equipment using high-temperature cooling water decreased while maintaining an equivalent amount of heat extraction. In conclusion, the efficiency of the equipment was further improved by operation control optimization.

We propose a fluorescence microscope by using the computational Ghost imaging (CGI) for observing a living cell for a long duration over an hour. There is a problem for observing a cell about light-induced bleaching fora ling-term observation.Toover come the problem, we focused on an advantageof sensitivityof the CGI as second order colleration for an imaging with weak intensity excitation light. Setting for the CGI, a DMD projector was installed at an eye-piece part of a microscope and fluorescent light was detected using a bucket detectorofa photo-multiplier tube.Asaresults,wehaveshownthe imagingadvantageoftheCGI under weak light intensity, in addition, we have demonstrated to detect fluorescence images of biological samples for one day.

Post-modernity and economic globalization is inciting the competition among countries, regions and cities, in search of investments, consumers and resources. To pursue a new position in this global market, cities use new urban practices to re-discover and re-invent their identities and traditions, taken as attributes to attract consumers. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, the mythical dimension of the South Zone is inseparable and incorporated to its identity. In evaluating the history of Rio de Janeiro’s seaside, the social construction of its imagery and the projects that redesigned its urban signs, we can identify an intermittence of urban interventions, marked by the lack of a continuous management of the waterfront. We verify that, even though tourist marketing appraises the seaside as the main image of the city, it does not receive proportional attention from urban interventions, may be in account of not being understood as a social construction. We conclude that the importance of caring for the seaside must not be understood only as an esthetical question, but also as the valorization of Rio de Janeiro’s image, its inhabitants’ self-esteem and citizenship itself.

Cette étude porte sur les principaux aspects religieux de trois événements majeurs propagateurs du tourisme religieux dans l'État d'Amazonas. Le tourisme religieux est motivé par les particularités religieuses de chaque touriste, qui recherche des lieux considérés comme sacrés et reconnus par des actes de foi, ainsi que par les grâces obtenues. L'objectif général de l'étude est d'analyser les principales caractéristiques du tourisme religieux à Nossa Senhora do Carmo (Parintins), la fête de Santo Antônio de Borba (Borba) et celle de Nossa Rainha do Rosário (Itapiranga). Les résultats ont montré que les principales caractéristiques des événements étudiés sont de maintenir les traditions religieuses transmises de génération en génération, de renforcer la dévotion au saint patron local et de promouvoir les diverses relations entre les personnes qui participent à ces fêtes. On espère que les résultats de cette étude contribueront à l'introduction de nouvelles recherches liées à ce thème et ainsi à sauver les importantes valeurs culturelles et spirituelles de ces lieux.

This study deals with the main religious aspects of three major events that propagate religious tourism in the state of Amazonas. Religious tourism is driven by the religious particularities of each tourist, who seek places considered sacred and recognized for their acts of faith, as well as for the graces achieved. The general objective of the study is to analyze the main characteristics of the religious tourism of Nossa Senhora do Carmo (Parintins); The feast of Santo Antônio de Borba (Borba) and Nossa Rainha do Rosário (Itapiranga). The results showed that the main characteristics of the studied events are to keep the religious traditions passed down from generations, to strengthen the devotion to the local patron saint and to

Este estudo trata a respeito dos principais aspectos religiosos de três grandes eventos propagadores do turismo religiosos no estado do Amazonas. O turismo religioso é movido pelas particularidades religiosas de cada turista, os quais procuram lugares considerados sagrados e reconhecidos pelos atos de fé, como também pelas graças alcançadas. O objetivo geral do estudo é analisar as principais características do turismo religioso de Nossa Senhora do Carmo (Parintins); A festa de Santo Antônio de Borba (Borba) e Nossa Rainha do Rosário (Itapiranga). Os resultados permitiram constatar que as principais características dos eventos estudados é manter as tradições religiosas passada de gerações, fortalecer a devoção ao padroeiro local e promover as diversas relações entre as pessoas que participam destes festejos. Espera-se que os resultados deste estudo contribuam para a introdução de novas pesquisas relacionados a esta temática e desta forma resgatar valores culturais e espirituais importantes destes lugares.