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Speaking about the social importance of preventing crimes in the field of the environment, it is worth noting the danger of consequences caused by these acts. The planned course of the policy of humanization of criminal law has an ambiguous effect on the reduction of environmental crimes. As a result, in places of deprivation of liberty there are persons convicted (including for environmental crimes) in respect of which cases of acquiring the status of a persistent violator of the sentence serving regime are not excluded. The article discusses the problems of changing the legal status of those convicted of environmental crimes. A structural, retrospective and comparative legal analysis of the concept of «malicious violator» in the legislation is carried out. The study analyzes the points of view of scientists who determine the legal personality of a convicted person for environmental crimes. On their basis, the goals and objectives are synthesized to establish the doctrinal positions of the legal personality of malicious violators of the penitentiary regime, their features and specific features are given. In particular, the issues of the emergence of their legal capacity, capacity to act and «delictual capacity» are disclosed. Summarizing the discussion conducted in the study, the authors cite their own concept of a malicious penitentiary violator, highlighting the special legal status of a convicted person for crimes in the field of ecology.

The article presents the results of the study of the problem of long-term care system implementation, taking into account the specific conditions of a psychoneurological residential institution. Today, the longterm care system is relevant and in demand due to the fact that it provides an opportunity for people with disabilities to enjoy a better and full quality of life. It is especially important for people suffering from neuropsychiatric diseases, who are unable to lead independent life activities and need longterm care. The greatest successes in theory and practice in the implementation of long-term care systems have been achieved in developed foreign countries: the USA, Japan, and Europe. In Russia today we can observe the formation of a comprehensive system of long-term care in the conditions of a psychoneurological residential institution. Therefore, the aim of our work was to study the specifics of the implementation of long-term care in the conditions of a psychoneurological residential institution on the basis of an integrated approach. The study is based on the scientific works of various domestic and foreign researchers of this problem. Research methods: analysis, generalization, systematization. The results obtained - a detailed analysis of the essence of the problem under study, allowed to identify and analyze the specifics of the implementation of this system.

This research analyses the metadata of 15550 climatology publications indexed in the OpenAlex data catalogue of the types ‘article’ (95%), ‘book’ (3%) and ‘book-chapter’ (2%). The research covers the period from 1851 to the present. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer software tools were used for data processing and analysis, and Scimago Graphica was used to visualise the results. As a result of the research, new data on the periods of authors' publication activity by subject, supported by the systematisation of the main scientific achievements and changes of those times, were obtained. The structure of access to publications in climatology and its impact on the attention of the scientific community, thematic diversity and the most relevant current research areas were also analysed.

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the research in the field of environmental safety, including the correlation of the identified thematic stages with the historical development of environmental policy. The set goals are achieved by assessing the distribution of the publications volume on environmental safety by years and periods as well as cluster analysis of scientific terms in this topic. The work used methods of bibliometric analysis of metadata from 49 thousand documents from the Dimensions platform, published between 1933 and 2024. Vosviewer.Introduction and Scimago Graphica software tools were used to visualize the data.

The article analyzes the current state of research in the field of green building (green OR sustainable) AND (building OR architecture), as well as a search for correlation when comparing the world map of publication activity in the field of green building with the list of leading countries implementing green projects in one of the leading certifications. The set goals are achieved by assessing the distribution of the volume of publications on green building by country and cluster analysis of scientific communications in this topic. The authors used methods of bibliometric analysis of metadata of 46 thousand documents from the Dimensions platform over 49 years. The Vosviewer software tool was used to visualize the data.

The scientific article is devoted to the issues of a “green” economy, which ensures the creation of rational models of consumption and production, including the adoption of measures to reduce, recycle and reuse waste. The main branches of the processing industry, the system and mechanism of SHW (solid household waste) management in Russia are considered.

The article analyzes the current state of research in the field of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), namely, the degree of relevance and demand for scientific articles on the ESG agenda among scientists - economists, ecologists, managers and sociologists and the scientific community as a whole. The goals are achieved by assessing the citation and thematic diversity of a field of knowledge, as well as identifying factors that influence the success of publications in this field. The work used methods of scientometric and bibliometric analysis of metadata of 3633 documents from the Crossref platform and 7512 documents from the Google Scholar platform for 2000-2023. The study showed that despite a moderate increase in publication activity, the demand for the ESG field remains insignificant. Multidisciplinary and review studies that systematize the literature rather than add to it and analyze new aspects of ESG are highly cited. The findings highlight the need for innovation and new approaches that can capture the attention of the scientific community and provide new impetus for the development of this important field. The ESG field requires active development and renewal in order to address current issues in the field of sustainability and corporate responsibility effectively.

The article presents the results of the study of the essence and specificity of the term "sustainable development", as well as the development of its author's vision in modern realities. Currently, sustainable development is one of the key trends in the development of the world. At the same time, it affects almost all aspects of society and the state. It is explained by the fact that it is based on three important areas: economic, environmental and social. However, there are both opponents and supporters of the concept of sustainable development. The greatest success in implementation in practice and scientific results have been achieved by researchers in developed foreign countries: Europe, USA, Japan, etc. At the same time, there is no unified position in the essence and peculiarities of such a complex interdisciplinary category. The purpose of this work was to develop an adequate approach to assessing the modern interpretation of the term "sustainable development". The study is based on the work of many domestic and foreign authors. The main method of work is analytical. The results obtained -a detailed analysis of the development of approaches to the studied terminology, allowed us to formulate the author's current approach to this concept.

Based on the analysis of expedition, stock, published and official cadastral materials on the specially protected natural areas, the article characterizes complex (landscape) nature reserves of the Vologda region in the context of the landscape concept of formation of the network of specially protected natural areas in the region, and gives assessment of the compliance of the nature reserves with biodiversity conservation tasks under the taiga zone conditions. The history of establishment of nature reserves, the species and age composition of forests, the typological diversity of forests, availability of valuable natural areas, rare and protected species of plants and animals in 75 nature reserves were analyzed.

The article covers the concept of technological platforms and the problems of their use. The authors study the results of the implementation of technological platforms in the Russian Federation and in the world market. The main objectives and the role of technological platforms in the innovative development of the Russian Federation are outlined. The authors substantiate that the potential of technology platforms in the Russian Federation is not fully used, while other elements of the Russian innovation infrastructure do not have a similar potential. The development of interaction with technological platforms is considered within the organization's innovative development program using the example of the Photonics technological platform, in which JSC “SSTC” is a participant. The statistical data characterizing the current state of the technological platform are given. Two main problems associated with the technological platforms functioning are identified - this is the lack of funding and insufficient staffing of innovative projects. The article provides the information about the creation of a consortium of leading universities of St. Petersburg that provide training and scientific developments in the shipbuilding industry. The article describes the main activities within the technological platforms "Photonics" for 2021 and some of the results of work for 2020. The main directions of further successful technological platforms development in the Russian Federation are indicated.

Comparison of welding influence on structural strength of Al-Mg-Si alloy (AW6082-T6), supplied with 10 mm thick sheets, is made. Within the research tension and impact tests of welding joints, made with argon-arc and friction stir welding, were carried out. During the research we observed the following: strength and plasticity decrease for welding joint zones, impact strength increase of weld metal in friction stir welding, welding defects influence on joint strength.

The development of technology for objectively determining the ripeness of plant seeds is an urgent task of modern agricultural production. An alternative to existing methods is optical photoluminescent technology, which is characterized by high accuracy, selectivity, expressiveness, as well as being remote and non-destructive. The spectral characteristics of excitation and photoluminescence of wheat, oat, and corn seeds during their maturation were measured using a spectrofluorometer using a previously developed technique. It was found that during maturation, the short-wave component of the excitation spectra decreases (λs=362 nm) and the long-wave component increases (λl=485 nm). After measuring the luminescence spectra, the integral photoluminescence fluxes for long-wave and short-wave excitation, as well as their ratio, were determined. We have obtained statistically reliable linear regression models of the dependence of long-wave and short-wave photoluminescence flows on the maturation time. Based on the obtained dependencies, a technology was developed for determining the degree of physiological maturation and making decisions about harvesting ripe seeds. It includes sample preparation, excitation and registration of luminescent radiation, amplification of the received signals and their relations, obtaining information about the degree of ripeness taking into account a priori dependencies.

It is noted that the urban environment is polluted by oil products; in particular, there is a large pollution of atmospheric air. It is indicated that one of the pollution sources is the “small” spills, which are characteristic of urban areas. Experimental studies have been carried out on the gasoline distribution in atmospheric air at “small” spills. A single experiment at a low wind speed is considered. Data were obtained on the dependence of gasoline concentration in atmospheric air on the distance from the spill, the height above the level of the spill and the time of the spill. The component composition was studied using chromatographic studies. It is indicated that the distribution of gasoline vapors in the atmosphere is influenced by the ambient temperature, wind speed, surface area of the spill, time from the moment of spilling and the distance above the level of the spill. The gasoline dispersion in atmospheric air was calculated with the software using experimental and calculated data on the surface area of the spill. It is indicated that at low wind speeds (up to 0.5 m/s) from “small” spills of gasoline (up to 3 liters), significant excesses of standards for the content of harmful substances in the atmospheric air can be observed. It was determined that during spilling there is an excess of maximum permissible concentrations of single, hazardous substances such as ethyl benzene, m-xylene and amyl alcohol in the air.

The purpose of the study dealing with the mechanisms for managing the formation of the individual financial culture of university students is to identify the optimal pedagogical conditions that contribute to the development of financially literate behavior of students studying under education agreements as rational consumers of educational services. The work performed allowed concluding that the attitude of students to mastering the chosen educational program, their academic performance, as well as social and labor activity allows predicting the nature of their financial behavior as market actors in their future daily life. The majority of students do not tend to treat their training as an investment in their own human capital due to the predominance of paternalistic attitudes associated with the imposition of costs for education on older family members.

The second for the significance livestock sector is pig breeding, which accounts for one-third of the country’s meat production. Long-term world practice of pig farming confirms the high maturity of this species of animals, excellent taste, nutritious meat and most importantly the ability to quickly increase food production, and thereby ensure the optimal balance of the diet of the population. One of the constraining factors for the development of this industry is the development of iron deficiency alimentary anemia in pigs during the first 7 days of animal life, which affects the growth, development and increase of live weight in animals. Without preventive measures to supplement the iron with animals, up to 100% of piglets become sick with anemia, which can lead to the death of a significant part of the young population. This article presents the results of the toxicological approbation of a new iron-containing preparation for farm animals. The question of finding a less toxic iron preparation with a higher prolonging effect is relevant.

Volgograd belongs to a number of cities in which a linear planning structure was formed, stretching along the Volga River for almost 100 km, however, the width of Volgograd in some sections ranges from 3 to 10 km. The total area outlined by the borders is 400 km2, Volgograd has a “loose” structure, as a result, the territory occupied by residential quarters is almost 3 times smaller. In the city there are gaps between the districts, which are occupied by green areas and wastelands. In Volgograd, large green space arrays prevail on the ravines and gullies slopes, which are widespread in the city, as well as in watershed areas, while having a soil-protective and water-regulating value. Moreover, in general, in Volgograd, the area of green areas is much less than the normative.

Nuclear power can be categorized as a clean energy source for producing electricity and supplying the required energy to a desalination plant, promising less atmospheric emission in comparison to fossil fuels. Considering the fact that fresh water-related issues are acute in many countries of the world, the utilization of desalination technologies seems to be the key solution to these problems. Desalination processes are known to be “energy-intensive”, emphasizing the potential advantages of its integration to a nuclear power plant in mediumto large-scale seawater desalination projects. The demand for electricity and fresh water in Iran compels the country to search for a feasible option. We suggest nuclear desalination as a suitable alternative, in which the recovered heat can be used in thermal desalination systems. In this article, the status of currently operating desalination plants and future developments are described. Several possible schemes for coupling nuclear power plant and fossil fuel-based plants with desalination technologies are suggested and some thermo-economic analysis (based on the specific characteristics of the country) are presented. Results of calculations reveal some advantages of nuclear desalination complex and its competitiveness with other options. It should be noted that the research has been conducted by cooperation of two SPbPU PhD students with Iranian citizenship.

The problem of edge state forecasting has a wide field of application. To begin with, it arises when one develops a technical diagnostics system as the problem of forecasting emergency situations of technical objects. When the ecological system is concerned it appears as the problem of forecasting unfavorable development of the ecological situation. In case of investment analysis it evolves as the problem of forecasting the risks of no profit. In medical diagnostic automated systems it is the forecasting disease progression and transition.

Nowadays, the problem of supplying fresh water to scarcer regions of the world is still acute. The seawater desalination has been touted as the main solution of closing the water gap in the Middle East and North Africa. However, seawater desalination is expensive and energy-intensive and influences the environment, extremely. Using nuclear power is a viable alternative energy resource to decrease the set of problems of consuming fossil fuels in the desalination plants. Iran, which is located in the arid belt of the eastern hemisphere, as a member state of IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) has announced his interest in the implementation of dual-purpose nuclear desalination in the existing nuclear power plant of the country. The Bushehr nuclear power plant is the first commercial nuclear reactor in the Middle East and can be used as a multi-purpose atomic complex to meet the demand for energy and supply of water to arid regions in the south of the country. This paper performs a thermo-economic assessment study for different desalination strategies in the second block of Bushehr NPP.

The analysis of the criterion of integral proximity of a clear / fuzzy truth value to the value of absolute truth is carried out in this work. Confirmation of the possibility of using algorithms to create three-dimensional objects in engineering.

This work deals with algorithms of 3D object representation with due regard to their construction specifics. The criterion of the integral adjacency of an unambiguous/fuzzy truth value to the absolute truth value is analyzed.

The authors suggest an extra physic-mechanical procedure to determine durability of cable goods to solar radiation exposure. The test check was carried out using the standard and the proposed procedures. The results of two tests were compared and analyzed. The use of the proposed technique allows improving the validity and reliability of the laboratory experiment conducted in a real production environment and exclude the low-quality cable items. The only disadvantage of the proposed technique is its labor intensiveness.

The prospect of using 3D printers in machine engineering is economically feasible since these devices significantly speed up the process of developing new products, substantially reduce the risks of design errors, reduce the cost of layout, and now their prices make them affordable for most world enterprises. The article studies the possibility of using innovative technologies for saving engineering 3D objects.

In this project a research on energy efficiency of Malta house was provided, it is a residential multi-story building in Helsinki, Jätkäsaari area. This project describes introduction with a new heating system for residential dwellings, which uses only heated air. To maintain air temperature in comfort level heat recovery and district heating is used in the same system. The task was to research efficacy of the enclosure structures. For research the 3D model has been created in the program the Revit 2015 and Lumion 13. Thermotechnical calculation for three types of a design has been executed in the program U-value.net.

The plasma accelerators are widely used for some powder and bulk (coatings) materials synthesis. Some metastable or high temperatures polymorphs require some special conditions for crystallization, for example ultra-high cooling rate. One of the possible ways to obtain these materials is the synthesis in a high speed plasma jet generating by a high current pulsed power plasma accelerator. The paper presents the results of experimental research concerning the development of a graphite barrel design of a high-current coaxial magnetoplasma accelerator. The developed design allows generating high-speed carbon electric discharge plasma jets with a pulse supply energy over 30 kJ by electrical power of about 140 MW.

The paper intends to give an overview of a computer-aided design program application. The research includes two main parts: the development of a computer-aided design for an appropriate switchgear selection and its arrangement in an indoor switchgear layout. Matlab program was used to develop a computer-aided design system. The use of this program considerably simplifies the selection and arrangement of 10 kV switchgear.

Conducted research based on the well-known information containing in publications that are listed in referees. Comparative calculation was made with using the method of incremental rate based on equal operation conditions. By virtue of conducted research was made a conclusion about prospective place of combined-cycle gas turbine in power-transmission system.