Search

The article discusses the "writing of the image" in Tunisian cinema - the perception of the image by the spectator.

The purpose of the qualitative research study was to identify factors and challenges that led to insecure housing among rural residents in Manitoba, Canada. Using a case study approach, five participants and two key informants were interviewed. When the participants were asked about personal factors and challenges affecting housing insecurity in rural Manitoba, their responses were focused on past and current health issues. Health, including acute and chronic conditions, became the critical intersection of housing insecurity and rurality. Systemic barriers such as invisibility, stigma, and lack of access to healthcare services in the rural setting created additional challenges for participants who required assistance and support to obtain and maintain stable housing. Integration of and collaboration among health, housing, and social service providers and informal supports in the rural community are required to address housing insecurity. Rural communities tend to be unique, therefore, strategies and interventions to diminish or prevent houselessness need to be flexible, targeted, and community-specific.

Résumé : L’histoire coloniale du Gabon est très peu connue. En revisitant la mémoire coloniale à travers les récits de vies des écrivains Franck Daniel Idiata et Moïse Nsole Biteghe à partir de l’implication des anciens combattants, nous constatons que la mémoire coloniale est la mémoire d’une nation. On se rend compte que le Gabon à une réelle mémoire coloniale. Notre ambition est de montrer que leur contribution au cheminement culturel, politique et social existe toujours en ce sens qu’ils sont des vestiges et portent l’histoire et qu’il y a un intérêt pédagogique que cette histoire soit enseignée. Mots-clés : Anciens combattants, Gabon, Implication, Mémoire coloniale, Témoignage.

The article presents the annotated English translations of two Armenian medieval poems: On Adam by Frik and The Rose and the Nightingale by Aṙak‘el of Bałēš. Both translations are prefaced by a short bio-bibliographical note on their authors and a brief discussion of the poetic devices used in the poems, as well as of their content, themes, and literary references to other Armenian works.

A social scientific approach to the Hebrew Bible allows us to ask questions that were not central to writers of the biblical narrative. Thus, the article uses concepts from group processes in social psychology to analyse the group identity of Moses’ father-in-law as he is portrayed in the Bible and early Jewish and Christian interpretations. Jethro is a particularly interesting figure as he displays characteristics of both an ingroup and an outgroup member. This analysis illustrates how tools from social sciences can contribute not only to a better understanding of group relations in the narrative of the Hebrew Bible but also in the communities of early Jewish and Christian interpreters of these texts. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2023/v36n2a5

Résumé : Réfléchir sur le paradigme de l’impasse dans l’exploration coloniale du Gabon, c’est mettre l’accent sur les descriptions, la nature peu hostile, le manque de connaissance des peuples autochtones des contrées visités par les explorateurs coloniaux. Ces notions se précisent dans les comptes rendus des explorateurs coloniaux du XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, à travers les descriptions fantasmatiques et les stéréotypes par lesquels nous abordons ici le problème de la connaissance parfaite de l’intérieur de l’Afrique équatoriale en générale et du Gabon en particulier. Si celle-ci est prise pour une forêt primitive, source de tout danger. La question de l’impasse qui est avant tout posée se formule tout compte fait dans le cadre d’une mise en scène inhérente aux récits de voyage de découverte et d’exploration. Elle pose le problème de l’impasse qui se caractérise par l’univers exploratif qui est fortement commandé par des espaces qui constituent les risques permanents pour les explorateurs à connaître l’intérieur de l’Afrique équatoriale. Mots-clés : Colonisation, exploration, Gabon, impasse, perception

Previous research has illustrated that advocacy organizations play a crucial role in education policy networks by communicating educational reform agendas to public and private stakeholders. In the United States, an inter-state consortium of these advocacy organizations has formed their own network. The Policy Innovators in Education (PIE) network is a formal, centrally coordinated policy network that connects state-level advocacy organizations to one another and to national advocacy organizations, think tanks, and philanthropic foundations. Despite more than doubling in size since 2016, little is known about the policy preferences of PIE members. In this paper, we use social network analysis to identify and describe the ideological dimensions of advocacy that structure the PIE Network and to examine how these ideological dimensions have changed as the network has expanded. We find that the central areas of emphasis among these organizations have coalesced around neoliberal ideologies that promote accountability and standards. However, there is an underlying tension within the network that unfolds along two dimensions. On the one hand, preferences for choice and autonomy (e.g., charters, general choice, and autonomy & deregulation) are contrasted to those favoring equitable funding for low-income schools and early childhood education. On the other hand, members emphasize policies involving factors internal to schools (student interventions, leadership standards and accountability) to those external to schools (e.g., familial support, funding-based equity). These tensions within the network have grown more pronounced over time as the network has expanded to include new members with a more ideological narrow set of market-based policy preferences.

Background: In 2018, a Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli O121 outbreak that affected seven individuals was associated with raw milk Gouda-like cheese produced in British Columbia, Canada. Objectives: To describe the E. coli O121 outbreak investigation and recommend greater control measures for raw milk Gouda-like cheese. Methods: Cases of E. coli O121 were identified through laboratory testing results and epidemiologic surveillance data. The cases were interviewed on exposures of interest, which were analyzed against Foodbook Report values for British Columbia. Environmental inspection of the dairy plant and the cheese products was conducted to ascertain a source of contamination. Whole genome multi-locus sequence typing (wgMLST) was performed on all positive E. coli O121 clinical and food isolates at the provincial laboratory. Results: Four out of the seven cases consumed the same raw milk Gouda-like cheese between August and October 2018. The implicated cheese was aged longer than the required minimum of 60 days, and no production deficiencies were noted. One sample of the implicated cheese tested positive for E. coli O121. The seven clinical isolates and one cheese isolate matched by wgMLST within 6.5 alleles. Conclusion: Raw milk Gouda and Gouda-like cheese has been implicated in three previous Shiga toxin–producing E. coli outbreaks in North America. It was recommended product labelling to increase consumer awareness and thermization of milk to decrease the risk of illness associated with raw milk Gouda and Gouda-like cheese.

Contexte : En 2018, une éclosion d'Escherichia coli O121 produisant la toxine de Shiga avec sept cas a été associée à la production de fromage au lait cru de type Gouda en Colombie-Britannique, au Canada. Objectifs : Décrire l'enquête sur l'éclosion d'E. coli O121 et recommander des mesures de contrôle plus strictes pour les fromages au lait cru de type Gouda. Méthodes : Les cas d'E. coli O121 ont été identifiés grâce aux résultats d'analyses en laboratoire et aux données de surveillance épidémiologique. Ils ont ensuite été interrogés en fonction de l'exposition d'intérêt, puis analysés en fonction des valeurs du Rapport Foodbook pour la Colombie-Britannique. Une investigation a été effectuée dans l'usine laitière et des prélèvements ont été effectués dans les produits de fromage afin de déterminer la source de contamination. Le typage de séquence multilocus pour le génome entier a été effectué sur tous les isolats cliniques et alimentaires positifs pour E. coli O121 au laboratoire provincial. Résultats : Quatre des sept cas avaient consommé le même fromage au lait cru de type Gouda entre août et octobre 2018. Ce fromage avait été affiné pendant une période supérieure au minimum requis de 60 jours, et aucun défaut n'a été constaté dans sa production. Un échantillon du fromage visé a cependant obtenu un résultat positif à l'analyse de dépistage de la bactérie E. coli O121. Sept isolats cliniques et un isolat de fromage ont été jugés identiques par typage de séquence multilocus pour le génome entier avec une différence de 0 à 6,5 allèles. Conclusion : Le Gouda au lait cru et les fromages de type Gouda au lait cru avaient déjà été impliqués dans trois éclosions antérieures d'E. coli producteur de toxines Shiga en Amérique du Nord. Il a donc été recommandé d'étiqueter les produits afin de sensibiliser les consommateurs au risque et de thermiser le lait afin de réduire le risque de maladie associé au Gouda au lait cru et au fromage de type Gouda au lait cru.

In the influential "performance" model of agriculture, the appearance of the farm is the unintentional result of improvisational decision-making rather than the intentional result of design. However in many ways agriculture is explicitly intended to produce an appearance, often aimed at a specific audience. This phenomenon, termed agricultural spectacle, comes in many forms and serves varied aims. This article offers a theoretical framework beginning with a consideration of how agricultural spectacle differs from other classes of spectacle and from generalized societal spectacle as theorized by Debord. Most important in this regard is that agricultural spectacle generally functions as a form of synecdoche as it presents a temporal or spatial part as a representation of the whole agricultural operation. It also often relies on "captioning" to render ambiguous sights striking to viewers. But agricultural spectacle is highly diverse, as shown by exploring three axes of variation. The first axis concerns the extent to which agricultural activities are adjusted for their impact on viewers, as opposed to being conducted purely for utility and rendered spectacular after the fact. The second compares the intent of the agricultural spectacle. The last axis distinguishes scale, from plant part to field to farm to landscape. Key Words: agriculture, spectacle, indigenous knowledge, propaganda, performance

As I prepared recently to teach a seminar for doctoral students on how to teach undergraduate music history I came face to face with my reservations about traditional teaching of these subjects. The book Teaching with your Mouth Shut by Donald Finkel seemed to me to offer a compelling way to approach undergraduate teaching that is intellectually sound and ethically appealing and caused me to change my approach to teaching the seminar.

A distinctive type of artificial port structure has been found in Africa proconsularis, but not elsewhere in the Mediterranean. This structure is identified here as a ‘jetty with platform’, due to its main components: a straight jetty extending from the shoreline and a large platform attached to the outer end of the jetty. The article considers the chronological, environmental, and technological factors that may be responsible for the construction of this type of jetty, which is found at Acholla, Gigthis, Leptiminus, Ras Segala, and possibly Lepcis Magna.

The paper analyzes the final proof with Greek mathematics and the possibility of intermediates in the Phaedo. The final proof in Plato’s Phaedo depends on a claim at 105c6, that μονάς, ‘unit’, generates περιττός ‘odd’ in number. So, ψυχή ‘soul’ generates ζωή ‘life’ in a body, at 105c10-11. Yet commentators disagree how to understand these mathematical terms and their relation to the soul in Plato’s arguments. The Greek mathematicians understood odd numbers in one of two ways: either that which is not divisible into two equal parts, or that which differs from an even number by a unit. (Euclid VII.7) Plato uses the second way in the final proof. This paper argues that a proper understanding of these mathematical terms within Greek mathematics shows that the argument for the final proof is better than previously thought. Such an interpretation of the final proof lends credence to Platonic intermediates.

The martensitic transformation in Ti-Nb alloys can result in superelastic and shape memory behaviour but significant discrepancies exist between the transformation conditions reported for a given composition. To elucidate the reasons for these variations, in situ synchrotron diffraction experiments have been performed on Ti-24Nb (at.%) in two different microstructural conditions. Markedly different transformation behaviour was observed between these two conditions, including fully reversible superelastic behaviour below the apparent martensitic start temperature. These results could not be rationalised using thermally based transformation descriptions. As such, a new approach is introduced based upon the total stress level in a material.

Given the overall magnitude of cancer, a climate of stretched health care resources, and the political activism of cancer survivors and families, it is becoming increasingly clear that local service providers need to assess and reassess the care they provide. Aqualitative design was used to seek the patient and family's perspectives on whether or not their needs were being met while in hospital. Direct feedback from a convenience sample of 19 oncology patients and families was elicited through a semi-structured interview.Qualitative data analysis revealed eight important aspects of care for oncology patients and their families. These included: communication between patients and caregivers, caregiver availability and concerns about health care cutbacks, coordination and continuity of care, physical care and comfort, psychosocial care, caregiver sensitivity, caregiver competence, and the physical environment of the hospital.Challenges faced by individuals and their families affected by cancer are highlighted as they navigate through our health care system. Respondents provide positive reinforcement for use of appropriate interventions by caregivers, while clearly outlining areas needing improvement.

Étant données l'ampleur globale du cancer, l'état actuel des ressources consacrées aux soins de santé et l'activisme politique des survivants du cancer et de leur entourage, il est de plus en plus évident que les pourvoyeurs de services locaux se doivent d'examiner et d'évaluer les soins qu'ils dispensent.

The article examines minor clerics (clerici) in Carolingian texts. Comparing episcopal capitularies from Italy and Francia suggests that clerici played a more prominent role in Italian church life. An analysis of charters from the monastery of Monte Amiata reveals a high proportion of clerici. They appear as a rurally-based group, with varying levels of education, but of some local social standing, and were often mature men with children. The prevalence of such clerici may be related to the northern Italian structure of pievi, and the opportunities these provided for mixed patterns of father-son and uncle-nephew inheritance of church office. The blurring of the lay/clerical divide by such clerici may have particularly worried eleventh-century church reformers coming to Italy from other regions of Western Europe.

Corrosion of steel in bridge structures is a growing issue worldwide. Case studies of galvanic and hybrid systems show the diverse range of challenges and corrosion hazards that are faced during the design of these systems. Data from these case studies show the effectiveness of this approach. Hybrid systems have been utilised in controlling corrosion during refurbishment work on bridges for over a decade. Galvanic systems have been around much longer. By utilising these systems individually or together there is great flexibility in design. This allows intensive concrete restoration from a hybrid system alongside the maintenance of repairs in lower risk areas from galvanic anodes. This paper presents case studies covering hybrid and galvanic systems applied to bridge structures. Included is a prestressed concrete bridge in a tidal environment, we believe to be the first of its kind fitted with a hybrid system. Tidal considerations and flooding are key challenges in corrosion mitigation. Data shows the systems are particularly effective in these transitory environments reacting rapidly to increased risk.

Testing methods for corrosion prevention in structures have, historically, been based on the steel polarising from the protective current. Modern galvanic systems aim to protect the steel by restoring the protective alkaline environment, rather than through polarisation. Since 2012 standard guidelines allow for alternative testing to be used [1]. Scientific testing of galvanic systems will be discussed looking at the nature of constant potential galvanic systems and comparing them to the traditional constant current impressed systems, looking in particular at unique anode behaviours such as low median current during times of low corrosion risk and responsive behaviour during corrosion hazards. This work lays out a protocol for the evaluation and testing of existing galvanic corrosion protection (CP) systems in reinforced concrete through the lens of various real-world studies. Data taken from over a decade of monitored systems are used to support the protocol. Modern testing strategies such as 2-dimensional relative potential mapping and corrosion rate monitoring will measure the steel's corrosion. Galvanic currents rise and fall with corrosion risk providing protection while ensuring a long life to the design.

As part of the evaluation of the welfare program in Kentucky, descriptive and multivariate techniques were used to develop and test a brief screening tool. The purpose of this tool is to identify clients at risk of using 80% or more of the lifetime limit for cash assistance provided through the Kentucky’s Transitional Assistance Program (KTAP). The variables for the screening tool were identified through discriminant analysis and logistic regression using data from the KTAP administrative records and from two surveys: a panel study conducted with a representative group of KTAP recipients, and a point-in-time survey conducted with a representative sample of clients who reached their lifetime limit of cash assistance in 2001. Descriptive analyses using panel data show the stability of measures over time and their ability to set apart the segment of population at risk for high utilization of their available time on KTAP. The predictive value of the screening tool was tested with regression models using the KTAP utilization information available from the administrative records.

This paper describes the program evaluation results of the “STARS for Families” alcohol abuse prevention program implemented in the three school districts of Nelson County, Kentucky, an area known as the location for bourbon whiskey production in Kentucky and in the United States. All 9th grade students in these three school districts were invited to participate in the program. The baseline survey included questions related to their alcohol use, to the alcohol use in their family, and that of their peers. Follow-up surveys were conducted at 6-month, 18-month and respectively 30-month from the pretest. The survey data is compared to the county figures available from a statewide annual survey conducted by the Kentucky Incentives for Prevention Project (KIP). “STARS for Families” program uses a validated curriculum and was applied by many school districts across the United States. Overall, its implementation in Nelson County was successful, even though there were significant differences across the three school districts. The rate of increase in the number of students who used or planned to use alcohol in the near future was significantly reduced between pretest and the last follow-up. Our findings confirm that alcohol use behavior occurs in stages, and that the alcohol use habits of family and friends are strong correlates with alcohol drinking in youth.

This paper investigates certain features of High Byzantine Greek as found in the speeches of Eustathios of Thessaloniki and his contemporaries. It endeavours to show these features are not necessarily hyper-correct forms, but that these authors had a full command of the constructions of the Classical Greek language, and built on these to create their own style.

A quadcopter is equipped with four additional jet thrusters on its horizontal plane and vertical to each other in order to improve the maneuverability and positioning accuracy of quadcopter. A dynamic model of the quadcopter with jet thrusters is derived and two controllers are implemented in simulation, one is a dual loop state feedback controller for pose control and another is an auxiliary jet thruster controller for accurate positioning. Step response simulations showed that the jet thruster can control the quadcopter with less overshoot compared to the conventional one. Over 10s loiter simulation with disturbance, the quadcopter with jet thruster decrease 85% of RMS error of horizontal disturbance compared to a conventional quadcopter with only a dual loop state feedback controller. The jet thruster controller shows the possibility for further accurate in the field of quadcopter positioning.

This article explores some of the latest developments in the scholarship on race relations and nationalism that seek to address the impact of globalization and the changed geo-political relations of the first decade of the twenty-first century. New patterns of identification, some of which challenge existing group boundaries and others that reinforce them, can be seen to flow from the effects of global market changes and the political counter-movements against them. The impact of the “war on terrorism”, the limits of the utility of hard power, and the need for new mechanisms of inter-racial and inter-ethnic conflict resolution are evaluated to emphasize the complexity of these group relations in the new world disorder.

Эссе авторитетного английского специалиста в области русской истории Нормана Стоуна «Россия, 1914 г.: причины поражений и цена грядущих побед (из дискуссии британских историков)» касается одной из ключевых страниц в судьбе России, трактуя причины ее бесславных поражений в ходе Первой мировой войны и катастрофические последствия этих событий не только в истории Российской империи, но и, как оказалось, всего мира. Автор связывает в единое целое состояние промышленности страны, позицию имперской властной элиты, отсутствие достаточно подготовленных профессиональных военных кадров, консерватизм офицерского мышления. По его мнению, это парадоксально сочеталось с неплохим уровнем предвоенной российской экономики в целом. Помимо концептуальной оценки, которую дает автор военным событиям в ряде монографий, для читателя оригинальными являются воспоминания Стоуна о спорах, которые вызвала его позиция о некорректности сопоставлять победу Советского Союза во Второй мировой войне как результат сталинского режима – и проигрыш в предыдущей. Мнение Стоуна о бесперспективности и античеловеческой сущности сталинизма, которую не могут оправдать никакие хозяйственные достижения, никакие усилия пропаганды, никакие утопические мечтания, встретило непонимание у части просоциалистически настроенных историков послевоенного времени. Среди них был главный противник Стоуна Эдуард Карр. Признанный советолог, автор монументального труда о русской революции и советской истории оказался подвержен стокгольмскому синдрому, когда в силу экстремальных переживаний жертвы террористов готовы оправдать самих террористов. Оправдание сталинизма или любого другого типа диктатуры историческими обстоятельствами и попытка его «понять как неизбежность» – вот, что выводило из себя новое поколение историков, заставляло сокрушать авторитеты, вступать в армию «сердитых молодых людей». Эссе Стоуна воссоздает лишь один эпизод научной полемики, но этот эпизод чрезвычайно важен для сегодняшнего дня; дерзость научной мысли в сочетании с верностью гуманистическим идеалам – те основания научного поиска, на которых должна выстраиваться гуманитарная наука современности. Завершая эссе, Стоун эффектно цитирует парадоксальный афоризм Джорджа Оруэлла – гениального предсказателя катастрофы общества тоталитаризма: «Вы всегда говорите, что невозможно сделать омлет, не разбив яиц. Но где же омлет?» Эта установка Стоуна как исследователя и человека близка журналу «Quaestio Rossica», и надеемся, что она найдет отклик у разноязычной читательской аудитории.

INTRODUCTION: Patient's satisfaction is one indicator of healthcare quality. Few studies have examined the inpatient experiences in resource-scarce environments in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: To examine patient's satisfaction on the public medical wards at a Kenyan referral hospital, we performed a cross-sectional survey focused on patient's satisfaction with medical information and their relationship with staffing and hospital routine. Ratings of communication with providers, efforts to protect privacy, information about costs, food, and hospital environment were also elicited. RESULTS: Overall, the average patient's satisfaction rating was 64.7, nearly midway between ''average'' and ''good'' Higher rated satisfaction was associated with higher self-rated general health scores and self-rated health gains during the hospitalization (p=0.023 and p=0.001). Women who shared a hospital bed found privacy to be ''below average'' to ''poor Most men (72.7%) felt information about costs was insufficient. Patients rated food and environmental quality favorably while also frequently suggesting these areas could be improved. CONCLUSION: Overall, patients expressed satisfaction with the care provided. These ratings may reflect modest patients' expectations as well as acceptable circumstances and performance. Women expressed concern about privacy while men expressed a desire for more information on costs. Inconsistencies were noted between patient ratings and free response answers.

Lo studio sul rapporto tra Dante e la tradizione arabo-islamica è solitamente associato a due influenti studiosi del Novecento, Miguel Asín Palacios e Bruno Nardi. Nonostante le differenze, entrambi affermano che la struttura fondamentale della Commedia intende mostrare come la ragione naturale dell’uomo e la filosofia (Virgilio) siano inferiori alla rivelazione religiosa e alla teologia (Beatrice). Il contributo, affermando che l’architettura del poema dantesco si fonda sulla classificazione delle scienze formulata dai filosofi islamici (al-Fârâbî, Avicenna, e Averroè), intende mostrare che la struttura allegorica della commedia non è basata sulla distinzione tra filosofia e teologia ma sulla distinzione, tutta interna alla filosofia, tra praxis e theoria. Come i filosofi razionalisti, Dante nega che ci sia una forma di conoscenza più elevata che non sia raggiungibile attraverso la dimostrazione e il ragionamento filosofico ma solo attraverso il discorso religioso rivelato (una posizione esemplificata dall’interpretazione che Avicenna fa del mi‘râj o Ascensione di Muhammad). Questa classificazione islamica delle scienze può aiutare a rivedere il ruolo giocato da Statius e Matelda nell’allegoria dantesca e identificare con maggior precisione il luogo della religione (che appartiene, sorprendentemente, più a Virgilio nel Purgatorio che a beatrice in Paradiso). The study of Dante in relation to the medieval Arabo-Islamic tradition is most notably associated with two influential twentieth-century scholars, Miguel Asín Palacios and Bruno Nardi. Despite differences, both hold that Commedia’s fundamental structure aims to show natural human reason and philosophy (Virgil) falling short of religious revelation and theology (Beatrice). This essay, arguing that the architectural design of Dante’s poem is based on the classification of the philosophical sciences formulated by the Islamic rationalist philosophers (al-Fârâbî, Avicenna, and Averroes), shows that Commedia’s allegorical structure is not based upon the distinction between philosophy and theology but rather upon a distinction within philosophy between praxis and theoria. Like the Islamic rationalist philosophers, Dante denies that there is a higher human knowledge unattainable through philosophical demonstration but accessible through revealed religious discourse (a position exemplified by Avicenna’s interpretation of Muhammad’s mi‘râj or Ascension). This Islamic classification of the sciences will also help us see the role played by Statius and Matelda in Dante’s allegory and to identify the locus of religion (which, surprisingly, belongs with Virgil in Purgatory rather than with Beatrice in Heaven).

Étant données l'ampleur globale du cancer, l'état actuel des ressources consacrées aux soins de santé et l'activisme politique des survivants du cancer et de leur entourage, il est de plus en plus évident que les pourvoyeurs de services locaux se doivent d'examiner et d'évaluer les soins qu'ils dispensent.

Given the overall magnitude of cancer, a climate of stretched health care resources, and the political activism of cancer survivors and families, it is becoming increasingly clear that local service providers need to assess and reassess the care they provide. Aqualitative design was used to seek the patient and family's perspectives on whether or not their needs were being met while in hospital. Direct feedback from a convenience sample of 19 oncology patients and families was elicited through a semi-structured interview. Qualitative data analysis revealed eight important aspects of care for oncology patients and their families. These included: communication between patients and caregivers, caregiver availability and concerns about health care cutbacks, coordination and continuity of care, physical care and comfort, psychosocial care, caregiver sensitivity, caregiver competence, and the physical environment of the hospital. Challenges faced by individuals and their families affected by cancer are highlighted as they navigate through our health care system. Respondents provide positive reinforcement for use of appropriate interventions by caregivers, while clearly outlining areas needing improvement.

First identified in 1976, Lolita's calendar problem—the discrepant dates between Humbert's manuscript confession and John Ray's Foreword—remains the most stubborn enigma in the novel. Because the problem hinges on the notion of textual error, and on the reliability of Ray's claim that he has corrected the “obvious solecisms” in Humbert's manuscript, this paper begins by establishing the existence of Lolita's textual errata: a list of thirty-one solecisms appears at the end of the article. While the errata tell us little about the calendar problem, there is additional evidence—woven into the novel's structure and emerging in its connections to “'That in Aleppo Once…'”, Nabokov's 1943 short story—to support the conclusion that Humbert has fabricated much of his confession, and especially its last nine chapters. John Ray's Foreword, then, plays a crucial role in demarcating the boundaries of the “real” in the novel. Still a bumbler and buffoon, Ray does leave a detectable presence in Humbert's manuscript, a finding that serves to rebut the claim that Ray is Humbert's invention and which necessitates an alternate theory of the “real” in the novel's concluding chapters. The theory outlined in this paper begins to reconcile the text's discrepant dates and posits the innocence of Humbert's victim. Ultimately, the novel is engineered to conceal as much as it reveals, to leave readers with errata and aporia, error and uncertainty—fundamental conditions of Nabokov's aesthetic.

- none -

The presence of grain boundaries in single crystal castings is intolerable owing to the detrimental impact on creep and fatigue behaviour. Whilst the origins of many defects such as freckles have been understood since the 1970s, other defects such as slivers, or indeed the small mosaicity observed in many castings have eluded comprehensive treatments. In the present work, in situX-ray imaging has been used to examine the origin of misorientation defects that arise during solidification. Dendrite deformation was observed, which impacted growth characteristics and led to a permanent misoriention. Digital image correlation analysis showed the dendrites becoming increasingly bent as solidification progressed. In order to probe the deformation modes further, a method was devised to convert standard EBSD data into measurements of bending and torsion angle. It was demonstrated that such defects form as the result of bending moments arising from differential thermal contraction and gravity.

A recent study using mapping techniques to analyse vulnerability over the next 20 to 30 years highlights potential ‘hotspots’ and offers insights for mitigating the effects.

The arbitral world is at a crucial point in its historical development, poised between two conflicting conceptions of its nature, purpose, and political legitimacy. Formally, the arbitrator is an agent of the contracting parties in dispute, a creature of a discrete contract gone wrong. Yet, increasingly, arbitrators are treated as agents of a larger global community, and arbitration houses concern themselves with the general and prospective impact of important awards. In this paper, I address these questions, first, from the standpoint of delegation theory. In Part I, I introduce the basic “Principal-Agent” framework [P-A] used by social scientists to explain why actors create new institutions, and then briefly discuss how P-A has been applied to the study of courts. Part II uses delegation theory to frame discussion of arbitration as a mode of governance for transnational business and investment. In Part III, I argue that the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) is presently in the throes of judicialization, indicators of which include the enhanced use of precedent-based argumentation and justification, the acceptance of third-party briefs, and a flirtation with proportionality balancing. Part IV focuses on the first wave of awards rendered by ICSID tribunals pursuant to Argentina’s response to the crushing economic crisis of 2000-02, wherein proportionality emerged, adapted from the jurisprudence of the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization.

Les auteurs rapportent les résultats de 2 essais de vaccination du bétail. La durée des réactions sérologiques positives est mesurée à l'aide de différentes techniques immunologiques. Le phénomène de rappel n'est observé que si les 2 vaccinations successives sont faites à 3 mois d'intervalle. L'influence de l'endroit d'injection (queue ou épaule) du vaccin par voie sous-cutanée et l'utilité du test de diffusion en gelose pour la recherche de l'antigène circulant sont discutés