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The issue of how to economically harvest and recover algal biomass has always been of concern to green wastewater treatment systems utilizing microalgal technology. This study explores the efficiency of biomass recovery from Chlorella Vulgaris using an electrocoagulation-flocculation method, aiming to optimize the environmentally friendly harvesting of algal biomass. Utilizing a response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD), the research investigates the impact of pH, current intensity, reaction time, and salinity on recovery efficiency. Optimal conditions were identified as a pH of 6.5, current intensity of 1.5A, reaction time of 20 minutes, and a salinity of 15ppt, achieving an optimal recovery efficiency of 84.36%. The findings underscore the significant influence of pH, where deviations from the optimum value substantially reduced efficiency. This study confirms that electrocoagulation is a viable and effective method for enhancing Chlorella Vulgaris biomass recovery, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional chemical flocculation methods by reducing dependency on chemical coagulants and minimizing production costs. The results provide a solid scientific basis for future enhancements in the sustainable industrial application of algae, promoting environmental protection and economic viability.

This study investigated the influence of the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) addition on several quality indicators of soursop juice, including pH, dissolved solids, Lab* criteria, vitamin C, total plate count (TPC) content, microbiology, and sensory qualities. The content of CMC was allowed to vary from 0.01-0.05 to 0.2% under sonication. The addition of CMC seemed to induce color changes, with total difference color (TDC) being proportionally related to CMC content. Oxidant resistance in fresh samples was 0.62 ± 0.04 mg GAE / mL and then increased at 0.05% CMC. A similar trend was also observed with the vitamin C values of the product. Visual qualities of the product were evaluated with a focus on appearance, color, and flavor with descriptive terms in a typical white liquid and odorless. Comparison with ISO quality standard indicates that the final product met with microbiological requirements.

Pressure depletion and high viscosity of crude oil in oil reservoir are the main challenges in oil recovery process. A potential solution is to employ electromagnetic heating coupled with magnetic fluid injection. The present work delivers a fundamental study on the interaction between magnetic fluid flow with electromagnetic field. The two-dimensional, incompressible flow is solved numerically using mixed finite element method. The velocity fields, temperature and pressure are the variables of interest, to be obtained by solving mass, momentum and energy equations coupled with Maxwell’ equations. The fluid stress arises simultaneously with the external magnetic force which mobilises and increases the temperature of the oil flow. Verification is made against available data obtained from different numerical method reported in literature. The results justify feasibility of the mixed finite element formulation as an alternative for the modelling of the magnetic fluid flow.