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Given the significance of minimizing energy production costs, ensuring continuous operation of power generation machinery is imperative. Hydro-Québec, a leading entity in power generation, employs predictive models to forecast the service life of its turbine runners to circumvent unplanned shutdowns. The reliability of these models heavily depends on accurately characterizing runner flaws, which constitutes a critical input. This necessitates the application of non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for flaw characterization hence the need to evaluate the effectiveness of such methods and explore alternatives that could yield superior diagnostic results. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of NDT methods especially ultrasonic techniques providing dependable flaw data (both experimental and simulation) to feed life and structural reliability estimation models. By refining the accuracy of these estimates, Hydro-Québec intends to reduce downtime, thereby lowering the costs associated with power generation. Despite considerable research in this domain, a gap remains in our understanding of flaw detectability, particularly in the welded joints of hydroelectric turbine runner blades. This extended investigation not only contributes to the advancement of predictive maintenance strategies but also supports operational efficiency and cost reduction in energy production.

In the concluding part of Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History, Jan Patočka thematizes the 20th century and claims that this entire period is a century of war. This paper identifies the main arguments supporting this thesis and examines Patočka’s reflections on how this essential character of the 20th century can be overcome. The article primarily focuses on revealing the ontological-anthropological framework that underlies Patočka’s argumentation, including the idea that polemos is the law of the world. More concrete analyses then demonstrate the problematic elements of Patočka’s concept.

The article compares the respective concepts of Central Europe held by Milan Kundera and Václav Bělohradský. It notes their similarities: both authors understand Central Europe as a phenomenon of the 19th and 20th centuries with a possible overlap into the present (overlap as a never-ending epilogue of Central Europe), and neither defines fixed geographical boundaries for the region, in both cases it is instead a “horizon that allows for a meaningful understanding.” In Kundera’s case, I emphasize the continuity of the theme in his writing from 1978 (with a prologue from 1967–1969) to 2007, while in Bělohradský’s case I emphasize the more complex relationship between the first significant thematization in 1981 and the 21st-century updating of the notion of Central Europe in his texts. As the focal point where the perspectives of both authors intersect and clash, I identify the notion of the non-self-evident nation. This notion allows Kundera to apply the strongly Goethean inspiration of the relationship between world literature and the literature of a small nation (and the function of national cultures as portals to world culture), but this strength is accompanied by a rather strong utopian excess in the realm of the political. An excess that leads to a skeptical rejection of politics, and this is where Bělohradsky’s critique comes in. The paper cites Bělohradský’s notion of natural language and hermeneutic community as a motif that allows the rupture between the two perspectives to be bridged.

Abstract: The study of “Money and Sexuality in Martin Amis’ Money A Suicide Note 1984” has permitted to demonstrate that even if money is useful, it can create the disappearance of moral values. In that it becomes an opportunity for wealthy people to devalue female sex. Focusing on Marxist theory, the research sorts out the consuming society created by money in Amis’ Money. Given that money gives the impression that everything can be achieved through it so that John Self generates a world of opulence in which money offers an ease access to sex in order to show his domination on other people. But through the character Selina, women have figured out that money does not mean a key that opens the door of sexuality and there are values such as love, living together and peace which characterize female gender. We have to note down that wealth does not refer to the destruction moral values and the sacredness of female sex but a way to implement culture and valorise female gender. Keywords: Culture, Gender, Money, Marxism, Sexuality

O trabalho analisa a trajetória do navio-usina Seapower e suas contribuições para memória técnica e científica do setor energético brasileiro. Modelo de produção energética pouco explorado em pesquisas, o objeto em questão possui uma fascinante epopeia: desenvolvido na década de 1940 nos Estados Unidos, o Seapower foi usado no abastecimento energético durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. Após passagens por Europa e África chega ao Brasil na década de 1950, adquirido pela Brazilian Hydroeletric Company, batizado de Piraquê e fornecendo energia para regiões do Rio de Janeiro e Rio Grande do Sul. A partir da década de 1970 é levado para região Norte, para Manaus-AM e Belém-PA, sendo rebatizado de Poraquê, o peixe-elétrico da Amazônia. Após uma série de adaptações necessárias para seu uso, o navio seria desativado na década de 1980, tendo um triste fim ao tornar-se “quebra-ondas”, naufragado na orla de Cametá-PA, onde encontra-se até hoje. O mote documental é composto por diários de bordo, jornais, relatórios governamentais e fontes orais. Em diálogo com a bibliografia do setor a análise dessa trajetória contribui para tecermos considerações sobre nosso patrimônio energético, experiências técnicas e tecnológicas, acordos de cooperação internacionais, bem como para ampliar o campo de estudos da história da ciência e do setor energético, cujas lacunas e problemáticas ainda permeiam o campo de pesquisas.

En France, l’élevage bovin laitier en agriculture biologique s’est développé sur tout le territoire et la filière a atteint une certaine maturité. Cette synthèse propose une lecture de ce développement au prisme de la notion d’équilibre face à une multitude de risques. Au niveau de la ferme, la pratique de l’agriculture biologique reconfigure les équilibres entre surfaces et troupeaux. Elle modifie la gestion de la santé et incite à trouver de nouveaux équilibres prévenant l’apparition des problèmes. Elle déplace les équilibres économiques avec des rapports modifiés entre prix du lait et des intrants. Elle transforme le travail et interroge l’équilibre entre vie professionnelle et personnelle. Enfin, elle modifie les relations entre la ferme et son environnement, notamment ses interlocuteurs. Au niveau de la filière, son développement rapide pose de multiples défis qui interrogent l’équilibre des relations entre production, collecte et transformation, et consommation. La production de lait biologique est plus saisonnée alors que la transformation et la distribution demandent des livraisons homogènes sur l’année. Le maintien d’un équilibre entre production et consommation de produits laitiers biologiques est fragile et repose sur un jeu d’acteurs complexe avec un marché tendant à se globaliser.

This paper gives an overview of four senses of the terms “lexical (item/entity)” and “lexicon”, as well as several senses of the term “lexicalization”. That these terms are used in different senses in the literature has been discussed before, and it has been noted that this polysemy is sometimes confusing, but here I provide not only concrete definitions of word(-form) and lexeme and succinct discussion of the relevant issues, but I also propose two new terms: inventorium (the unpredictable elements of a language) and mentalicon (the elements that a speaker stores in memory). The latter two are crucially different because all speakers store many predictable elements. The four different senses can thus be distinguished clearly by using the four terms word-form, lexeme, inventorial item, and mental item. In the final section of the paper, I note that the term lexicalization also has multiple senses, but its most important sense is inventorization.

En el presente artículo se propone un estudio de la Russkaya Pravda (ru. Правда Руськая, «verdad rusa» o «ley rusa») desde una perspectiva de la historia sensorial. La Pravda es un conjunto de fuentes legales datadas entre los siglos XI y XII, que, sin embargo, se anclan en tradiciones legales anteriores, producidas en el territorio de las actuales Rusia, Ucrania y Belarús. En su estructura interna, la Pravda posee un sistema axiomático de ofensas y penas, en su mayoría económicas. La versión corta consta de 48 artículos y la versión larga contiene hasta 121 artículos. A manera de introducción, proponemos un breve estado de la cuestión de las unidades temáticas donde el presente análisis se inscribe; la Rus de Kiev (siglos IX-XIII), entidad socio histórica del este europeo medieval, la historia sensorial con los cambios operados en los últimos tiempos historiográficos, y los análisis efectuados a la Pravda desde la historia legal y social de las historiografías eslavas. Por un lado, nos interesa contribuir a la construcción del universo sensorial de la experiencia socio-histórica conocida como Rus de Kiev, fundamental para la historia del este europeo medieval, territorio que aún no ha sido explorado desde el punto de vista de los sentidos. Por otro lado, buscamos entender particularmente cómo este universo sensorial tiene una puesta en escena específica para el caso de la ley y los procesos jurídicos. Para ello utilizamos la metodología propuesta por la historia sensorial para el análisis específico de dos sentidos: la audición y la vista. Al final del artículo, propondremos un listado de breves conclusiones sobre la naturaleza sensorial de la ley rusa.

Climate change has resulted in a widespread increase in primary productivity in northern regions. This “greening” can alter terrestrial ecosystems dynamics and trigger positive climate feedbacks but often exhibits spatial heterogeneity. Few studies have focused on the differential responses of plant functional groups to warming as a potential driver of heterogeneity in greening rates. Our objective was to determine whether climate–growth relationships are species-specific, and whether they can explain the heterogeneity of the subarctic greening rates. We compared climate–growth relationships and associations to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the dominant tree (Picea mariana) and shrub (Betula glandulosa) species at two locations in the forest–tundra ecotone in Nunavik (Québec, Canada). Correlation coefficients of the climate–growth relationship varied between species and locations, being higher for P. mariana and at the northernmost location. The lower association between NDVI and P. mariana radial growth at the northernmost location appeared to be compensated by a stronger association between NDVI and B. glandulosa radial growth. Our results show that response to climate varies spatially and between species, both of which could potentially be used to explain the heterogeneity of subarctic greening rates. This improved understanding of the species-specific response to climate change will help predict forthcoming changes in primary productivity and their potential positive feedback on climate change.

Accessing tree species information is required for making appropriate decisions in forest management. 3D photo-interpretation using high spatial resolution aerial imagery is used to provide information on tree species in the province of Quebec. However, the shortage of qualified interpreters and the increasing costs of 3D photo-interpretation have affected the production of the forest inventory. In this study, we employed deep and machine learning models to classify nine tree species (i.e., paper birch, yellow birch, red maple, poplar, black spruce, white spruce, tamarack, jack pine, and balsam fir). We used a combination of spectral and vertical structural information extracted from 30-cm aerial imagery and airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data in a forested area in Quebec, Canada. The results indicated that Dense Convolution Network (DenseNet) achieved the best overall accuracy of 78%, outperforming machine learning methods by 5%. In addition, the models’ performance was independently assessed using permanent and temporary ground sample plots, acknowledging the superiority of DenseNet in terms of overall accuracy (73%) in predicting the dominant species. Our results suggest that the combination of aerial imagery and airborne LiDAR data, using deep learning approaches, can be applied to accurately map tree species.

This paper presents a case study based on student's responses to a survey applied in an extracurricular project carried out in 2022, who have made study visits, as an extracurricular activity, to present their role for labour market integration. Through extracurricular projects, including study visits, students can discover new equipment and technologies used in companies and identify the workflow at different workplaces. Study visits provide students with the opportunity to gain a real-time perspective on the field they aspire to work in and connect with professionals in that domain, establishing direct contact with various departments and functions within an organization. The study highlights the need to identify students' preferences so that activities carried out throughout the years of study respond as best as possible to their needs.

This paper analyses the state of public transport (PT) stops in Brussels through the lens of inclusiveness for disabled persons. The approach mixes qualitative perspectives (including talks and field trips with numerous NGOs, disabled individuals using PT and public authorities) and a comprehensive quantitative analysis of 2 487 stops across the STIB-MIVB network. The study found that the production of PT stops depends on a wide range of stakeholders. The degree of stops’ inclusiveness has been inherited largely from times when little attention was paid to travellers with specific needs. Despite significant efforts over the past years, a notable share of PT stops is still not inclusive, although shares vary subject to the travel constraints considered. There is no clear geographical pattern of inclusiveness, except at the scale of specific PT modes (underground stations vs surface stops) and several homogeneous bus or tram corridors.

This paper analyses the state of public transport (PT) stops in Brussels through the lens of inclusiveness for disabled persons. The approach mixes qualitative perspectives (including talks and field trips with numerous NGOs, disabled individuals using PT and public authorities) and a comprehensive quantitative analysis of 2 487 stops across the STIB-MIVB network. The study found that the production of PT stops depends on a wide range of stakeholders. The degree of stops’ inclusiveness has been inherited largely from times when little attention was paid to travellers with specific needs. Despite significant efforts over the past years, a notable share of PT stops is still not inclusive, although shares vary subject to the travel constraints considered. There is no clear geographical pattern of inclusiveness, except at the scale of specific PT modes (underground stations vs surface stops) and several homogeneous bus or tram corridors.

This paper analyses the state of public transport (PT) stops in Brussels through the lens of inclusiveness for disabled persons. The approach mixes qualitative perspectives (including talks and field trips with numerous NGOs, disabled individuals using PT and public authorities) and a comprehensive quantitative analysis of 2 487 stops across the STIB-MIVB network. The study found that the production of PT stops depends on a wide range of stakeholders. The degree of stops’ inclusiveness has been inherited largely from times when little attention was paid to travellers with specific needs. Despite significant efforts over the past years, a notable share of PT stops is still not inclusive, although shares vary subject to the travel constraints considered. There is no clear geographical pattern of inclusiveness, except at the scale of specific PT modes (underground stations vs surface stops) and several homogeneous bus or tram corridors.

Este artículo comparte los lineamientos metodológicos que llevan adelante actores/investigadores y actrices/investigadoras del grupo de investigación IPROCAE (Investigación de Procesos Creativos en Artes Escénicas), perteneciente a la Facultad de Arte de la UNCPBA, y tiene como principal objetivo estudiar su propia práctica escénica simultáneamente a su realización, en la obra teatral Los otros hombres en Eva. Se desarrolla el análisis del proceso creativo atendiendo al estudio de la génesis, sobre la figura de Eva Duarte de Perón y los distintos abordajes artísticos referidos a su momificación, examinando la relación del teatro con lo político bajo la forma del teatro militante de los años 70 en Argentina e indagando el papel del azar, o los proceso aleatorios existentes en la producción del campo teatral contemporáneo, donde se emplea como procedimiento creativo y herramienta de construcción escénica.

Suite aux inondations catastrophiques les 2 et 3 octobre 2020 dans le département des Alpes-Maritimes, le Cerema a été chargé de coordonner une expertise hydrologique sur les bassins versants du Var et de la Roya. Elle a été réalisée dans le cadre d’un retour d’expérience (RETEX) technique piloté par la Direction Départementale des Territoires et de la Mer (DDTM 06) pour le compte du Préfet des Alpes-Maritimes. Les principaux résultats, qui ont fait l’objet d’un consensus avec les partenaires, permettent de caractériser l’évènement ALEX pour les vallées de l’Estéron, de la Tinée, de la Vésubie, du Var et de la Roya. Le travail de consensus s’est appuyé sur une comparaison graphique de diverses approches d’estimations provenant des différents organismes impliqués. L’objectif était de faciliter la visualisation des convergences et divergences des multiples estimations de débits de pointe pour aboutir à un consensus. Le résultat final permet la fourniture de graphiques de débit de pointe par vallée avec des estimations basses et hautes. Cela permet un partage commun d’information associé à des incertitudes des débits sur ce type de retour d’expérience, en particulier dans un contexte torrentiel.

This paper examines how Canada’s Official Languages Act (OLA) reinforces the socio-political constructs of language barriers and linguistic borders. Questions addressed are: in Canada, who do linguistic borders serve, how do linguistic borders function, and what are the effects of linguistic borders? The theoretical framework draws from raciolinguistics and border imperialism. The method, a socio-diagnostic critique, juxtaposes the discursive practices of the OLA with border governance strategies. Results highlight how linguistic border governance creates the conditions for language-based discrimination to thrive. The paper concludes with a call to disinvest from the OLA, and a turning toward the water-language connection.

This introductory article introduces the concept of bureaucratic violence as a partly new way of understanding and analyzing refugees’ encounters with bureaucratic structures within authorities and organizations. Violence or the threat of violence is an inevitable part of the experiences of most forcibly displaced people. In this Special Issue, we highlight how bureaucracies as social institutions, besides providing access to rights, also impact refugees in ways that are constraining, humiliating, soul-killing and, sometimes, life-threatening. We present the theoretical underpinnings of the term bureaucratic violence and, thus, the conceptual framework that connects the different case studies included.

Plusieurs méthodes ont été proposées pour la mesure in vivo, la prédiction et la réduction des émissions de méthane entérique (eCH4) des ruminants. La plupart de ces méthodes sont coûteuses, techniquement complexes et parfois non adaptées aux spécificités des systèmes d’élevage en Afrique subsaharienne (ASS). L’objectif de cette synthèse est d’analyser les différentes techniques de mesure individuelle selon les conditions d’élevage en ASS. Les techniques de mesure individuelle in vivo regroupent la chambre respiratoire, la hotte ventilée, le système GreenFeed® (C-Lock) et l’hexafluorure de soufre comme traceur. Elles sont discutées et classées selon le terrain d’utilisation. Les approches de mesure indirecte de eCH4 s’appuient sur des proxys (ou prédicteurs) issus de différentes matrices biologiques. En ASS, les proxys susceptibles d’être utilisés dans les différentes conditions d’élevage sont les caractéristiques de l’ingéré (quantité, composition), du lait (quantité, composition globale estimée par spectres MIR), des fèces (archéols, composition globale estimée par spectres SPIR) ou des gaz expirés. Par ailleurs, les stratégies potentielles de réduction de eCH4 adaptées en ASS sont 1) l’utilisation de légumineuses arbustives, d’aliments concentrés à base de sous-produits, de coproduits et résidus de cultures, et de fourrages conservés ; 2) l’amélioration du pâturage ; 3) le remplacement des animaux improductifs ; 4) le maintien du bon état sanitaire des animaux ; et 5) la réduction de l’âge au premier vêlage des femelles.

Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare angioinvasive fungal infection known to be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates of over 50%. Its incidence has increased lately due to the increasing number of patients with predisposing immunocompromising conditions, as well as COVID-19. In addition to the common acute disease progression, chronic, less aggressive courses have rarely been described. In this paper, we report the case of a 39-year-old man with recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis who initially presented with acute sinonasal symptoms, was positive for SARS-COV-2 and was later diagnosed with acute ROCM. He had mutilating but not complete surgical removal of infected tissue and was given high-dose liposomal amphotericin B followed by long-term oral antifungal therapy. One year after being lost to follow-up because of repatriation to his home country he sent us a holiday picture of himself having recovered from the disease. Despite the incomplete and mutilating resection, coupled with long-term antifungal treatment, we conclude that survival is possible in cases of Rhino- orbito- cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM). However, it is important to note that there is still a scientific gap in evidence regarding follow-up procedures and the optimal duration of therapy. PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE Peer reviewers: Three anonymous peer reviewers Received: December 6, 2023; Accepted after peer review: January 8, 2024

Lake Buyo in Côte d’Ivoire is an artificial water reservoir created following the construction of the Buyo hydroelectric dam in 1981. The lake is used to generate electricity and for fishing by the local population. Despite its socio-economic importance, Lake Buyo is subject to numerous anthropogenic pressures that are degrading its fishery resources. Indeed, this lake is used by local communities for fishing activities. The development of these activities has been accompanied by the establishment of fishing camps on the lake’s shores, notably within the N’zo Partial Wildlife Reserve adjacent to the Taï National Park (OIPR, 2006). These fishing activities are carried out in violation of the regulations governing fishing in continental waters in Côte d’Ivoire. Spawning sites, for the most part located within the boundaries of the N’zo Reserve, are not spared, and fish resources are becoming increasingly scarce (OIPR, 2014). The present study aims to analyze the factors involved in the degradation of fishery resources in Lake Buyo. The methodological approach consisted in conducting interviews with the various stakeholders involved in the management of Lake Buyo and making direct observations on the lake. The results showed that the main causes of the degradation of fishery resources are linked to poor fishing practices, the commissioning of the Soubré hydroelectric dam in 2017 and the low level of enforcement of Law n°2016-554 of July 26, 2016 on fishing and aquaculture in Côte d’Ivoire, by the fishing services. The large number of fishermen on the lake, conflicts between fishermen, the cutting of tree trunks present in the lake and the decrease in rainfall are also causes noted by fishing stakeholders. These human activities lead to a reduction in fish products, a reduction in fish size, the disappearance of certain fish species and an increase in fishing effort.

N-heterocycles are key building blocks for many pharmaceutical products. An efficient and sustainable method for the synthesis of this class of compounds consists of the recently established intramolecular C–H amination reaction. Development of new iron-based catalysts for this transformation is of paramount importance. Herein, three major challenges in this field are addressed: the accessibility of the catalyst, the lack of mechanisticunderstanding, and the limited activity and robustness of the catalyst. These challenges are tackled by threedifferent catalysts. The first catalyst is the commercially available FeI2, that shows good activities, but is limitedto substrates with activated C–H bonds. The Fe(HMDS)2 catalyst is used to perfom in-depth mechanistic studies, revealing key intermediates of the C–H amination reaction. The third catalyst, featuring mesoionic carbene ligands, displays unprecedented activities and aminates various C–H bonds.

Fluorescence imaging is an invaluable tool to study biological processes, and fluorogenic dyes are crucial to enhance cell permeability and target intracellular structures with high specificity. Polymethine dyes are vitally important fluorophores in single-molecule localization microscopy and in vivo imaging, but their use in live cells has been limited by high background fluorescence and low membrane permeability. Here, we present a general strategy to transform polymethine compounds into fluorogenic dyes by implementing a 5-exo-trig ring-closure. This method provides access to bright, fluorogenic polymethine dyes with emissions across the visible and near-infrared spectrum.

Les domaines de l'éducation (Gravelle, Frigon et Monette, 2020) et de l'enseignement supérieur (Maltais, Ness, Jungblut et Rexe, 2023) sont en mutation mondiale, confrontés à des défis croissants. À l'ère du numérique, les établissements d’enseignement doivent développer la compétence numérique des apprenants (Gouvernement du Québec, 2018, 2020b). La littérature internationale guide le déploiement des outils numériques pour la réussite éducative (Gravelle et al., 2019; Gravelle et al., 2021). L'OCDE souligne l'importance de comprendre les tendances mondiales et leur impact sur l'éducation (2019). Par exemple, l'éducation peut réduire les inégalités et encourager l'innovation numérique (OCDE, 2019). Les directions et les gestionnaires scolaires doivent promouvoir l'innovation, la compétence numérique et la sensibilisation aux risques cybernétiques (OCDE, 2019). Un financement consacré au numérique est crucial pour s’assurer de suivre un monde en mutation (Gouvernement du Québec, 2023). En somme, selon l’OCDE (2019), la gestion, la gouvernance et le financement du numérique en éducation et en enseignement supérieur sont donc des enjeux internationaux importants.

Resumo Famílias venezuelanas atravessadas pela migração são impactadas pelas condições de saúde daqueles que ficaram em seu país. Nesse contexto, famílias transnacionais produzem redes que atuam à distância e auxiliam o acesso de familiares a medicamentos ou atendimentos em saúde. A partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada em São Paulo, o presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar o fenômeno de circulação do cuidado em redes de famílias transnacionais. Descreve as condições particulares da migração venezuelana, os arranjos que migrantes realizam e aspectos de reciprocidade. Por fim, os impactos causados pelo fechamento de fronteiras para a contenção da Covid-19 são elencados como forma de refletir sobre as necessidades de famílias transnacionais no acesso a meios que garantam e facilitem o cuidado à distância seguro e eficaz.