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During the war, enterprises providing services for the repair of electrical equipment found themselves in conditions of uncertainty and instability. Therefore, these enterprises should clearly define their strategic development vector depending on their size, geographical location, and specialization, taking into account the competitive situation in the market. The article examines the main dynamics of the Ukrainian market for electrical equipment repair services for the period from 2016 to 2022. The study’s results showed that, before the start of the full-scale war, the market experienced steady growth and profitability due to the fact that demand for electrical equipment repair services came from all enterprises using electrical equipment, as well as organizations and households. In 2022, under the influence of the full-scale invasion, the number of enterprises, the volume of products sold, and the profitability of operational activities significantly decreased. The results of the market analysis of industrial electrical equipment repair services in the Dnipropetrovsk region, using the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, indicated a low market concentration. The industry competition analysis, using M. Porter’s 5 forces model, showed that barriers to entry into the industry are low, with service differentiation being more typical of medium-sized enterprises. Small and, especially, micro-enterprises provide more standardized services. Taking into account the identified features and trends in the development of the electrical equipment repair market, as well as the competitive situation, which is characterized by low concentration, a large number of enterprises providing similar but not identical services, and low barriers to entry – leading to significant free entry into the industry for other firms—it is concluded that monopolistic competition exists in the market. Based on the results of the analysis, the following main strategic development vectors for domestic enterprises operating in the electrical industrial equipment repair market were determined: expanding their presence and service implementation in the region; entering other regions within the country; mastering new types of electrical equipment repair; and entering the foreign market. The choice of specific development vectors is substantiated depending on the time horizon, size, and market opportunities of a specific enterprise.

To understand a phenomenon means to grasp its essence, that is, all the characteristics that define it and distinguish it from other phenomena. Since the defense function of the state is a complex phenomenon encompassing biological, anthropological, philosophical, sociological, psychological, political, security, military, strategic, and other aspects, understanding its essence is no easy task. It requires a multidisciplinary approach and the application of concepts such as man, society, state, values, interests, power, politics, and strategy. The starting point in understanding its essence is undoubtedly the individual, given that instinctual needs for survival and security drive human nature. Since the origin and functioning of a political community are rooted in these human needs, the defense function of the state can be further clarified through an analogy with the same function in individuals. By applying this analogy, it can be concluded that defense belongs to the state's protective functions category. It differs from other functions of this type in that it is aimed at safeguarding the survival and vital values of the state from violent threats, and its protective action is also inherently violent. For this reason, until recently, the defense function of the state was equated with the military function. In recent decades, however, there has been a shift from the traditional militarycentric understanding of the state's defense function due to the growing significance of non-military threats to its survival and vital values. This has led to changes in the state's defense operations and, consequently, to a transformation in the essence of its defense function. While the object of the state's defense remains the same, its survival and vital values, the changes in the essence of its defense function emerge from the dialectical relationship between defense and attack. Therefore, the modern defense function of the state can be understood as a protective function by which the state, through the use of military and non-military instruments of national power in both peace and war, protects its survival and vital values from various military and non-military threats.

The socio-economic security of the state is not only a guarantee of its citizens’ safety but also a guarantee of a decent standard of living. Studying the impact of military conflicts on human social security reveals weaknesses in the implementation of state policy in the political, economic, and social spheres. This is especially relevant in the context of russian aggression against Ukraine. In wartime conditions, it becomes necessary to use new technologies for managing socio- economic processes, particularly for analysis and decision-making. Geographic information systems (GIS) are a key tool in this process. They enable the analysis of situations, the prediction of event developments, and the formulation of optimal action strategies. Modern geographic information systems, particularly ArcGIS, offer a full range of tools for collecting, organizing, and analyzing geographic data that characterize socio-economic aspects of development at local and global levels. They allow for the creation of effective systems for socio- economic monitoring and decision-making support. The article analyzes the features of a geospatial database model for visualizing indicators of socio- economic security for individuals in wartime. It examines the role of GIS in studying the impact of war on individual socio-economic security and proposes a model structure for a specialized geospatial database to visualize socio-economic indicators of occupied regions using the ArcGIS system as an effective decision-making support tool in management. A specialized geospatial database provides the foundation for visualizing indicators of socio-economic security in wartime by combining GIS capabilities as an effective tool for researching the impact of full-scale war on individual socio-economic security. This includes the promptness, completeness, and quality of informational and spatial support for management and decision-making processes. Services, thematic web maps, and web applications based on a specialized geospatial database and published on the ArcGIS Online portal highlight key components impacting socio-economic security in full-scale war conditions. They provide comprehensive visual information essential for decision-making. Most of these elements dynamically update with data changes, support data filtering, and present only the most important and relevant information for decision-makers on the dashboard.

The article reveals the relevance of applying the tools of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership in the process of building infrastructure facilities, the destruction of which is caused by a full-scale war provoked by russian aggression on the territory of Ukraine. It is substantiated that the aforementioned tools require detailed study and scientific research today, which will contribute to the formation of effective means of restoring our country, guaranteeing its financial stability and ensuring the security of citizens. It is found that the dominant elements of the financial mechanism of partnerships between the state and business are private investment, state financial support for infrastructure projects, attracted grants, investments and soft loans from international development banks. Given the low financial attractiveness of projects for investors, the authors emphasize the need to apply a guarantee mechanism to ensure that the private partner receives a certain level of profit. Thus, it is argued that public-private partnership projects in an unfavorable external environment require state support to reduce the risks of investments and increase the reliability of infrastructure projects. Proving the leading role of concessional loans and guarantees of the international community in the structure of the financial mechanism of public-private partnership, the authors reveal the main problems that determine the low level of participation of these institutions in financing domestic projects. To ensure the effectiveness of the aforementioned financial mechanism tools, the authors emphasize the need to create a favorable legislative framework, develop a strategy for the development of public-private partnerships at the national and local levels, and combine the efforts of institutions (governmental, financial and credit, public and scientific experts) operating in this area.

Innovativeness is an integral feature of the modern economy, particularly in the banking sector. The authors of this article aimed to identify potential scenarios for the transformation of the banking system under the influence of innovations and increased competition from fintech organizations. They sought to explore the components of the market mechanism for the self- regulation of innovative activities in commercial banks, the tools and methods of state influence on these processes, and, based on a study of global experience, to justify proposals for intensifying the introduction of innovations by commercial banks in Ukraine. The study examined five possible scenarios for the transformation of Ukraine’s banking system: (1) modernization of existing banks using the latest technologies, allowing them to maintain relationships with clients; (2) replacement of traditional banks with new (neo-banks) that operate under a different business model; (3) fragmentation of financial services between specialized fintech companies and traditional banks; (4) banks being pushed out of direct client relationships and becoming service providers; and (5) the complete displacement of traditional banks, replaced by other structures. The analysis of transformations in Ukraine’s banking system revealed elements of each of these scenarios without the dominance of any single one. Fintech companies operate according to the “niche” principle, targeting untapped market segments, services, or technologies in an effort to succeed. Banks, in contrast, tend to be more conservative, a result of the greater regulation governing their activities. However, the development of payment systems in Ukraine demonstrated that fintech companies initially dominated this sector until large banks entered the market and displaced other players. In reality, banks have more resources (both financial and organizational) to introduce certain innovative products or technologies. The successful implementation of these innovations will depend largely on the interplay between the market mechanism of self-regulation and state regulation. Following the principles outlined in the research for state innovation policy will enhance its effectiveness and facilitate the integration of Ukraine’s banking system into European and global financial markets.

A higher education institution is both a social institution and a commercial enterprise in the educational services market. Ensuring the economic security of private higher education institutions involves identifying risks and threats to this security (especially as they cannot rely on state support), which justifies the purpose and objectives of the paper. To ensure economic security, it is necessary to develop a certain concept, management mechanism, model, or set of measures. However, it is essential first to identify, measure, and assess the relevant risks, dangers, and threats. Threats to the economic security of a private higher education institution are considered in the context of its components, with a view to identifying them and assessing their potential, based on the list of tasks outlined for higher education institutions in Article 25 of the Law of Ukraine ‘On Higher Education.’ It is proven that risk is the probability of the negative impact of certain events, threat is a set of specific factors that can negatively affect activities, and danger is a specific, identified condition which, if ignored, can lead to significant losses. Therefore, the category of threat was chosen as a set of certain factors that can have a negative impact; factors that are more remote than danger, making them more suitable for identification and forecasting. The list of threats has been expanded according to the following criteria: - by the nature of implementation: overt - obsolescence of equipment, programs, technologies; covert - hacker attacks; - by the mechanism of influence: indirect - lack of motivation among teachers for research, advanced training, or the introduction of innovative teaching methods; direct - an overly large administrative apparatus, irrational management structure and division of responsibilities, or insufficient control; - by the place of origin: internal threats, as threats can also originate within the institution - insufficient qualifications of top management, reluctance of teachers to develop, sabotage of new technologies, corruption or bribery, unethical behavior. The authors identifie threats to each component of the economic security of a private higher education institution and presents possible responses to these threats. Assessing the level of economic security of a higher education institution using statistical methods is challenging, so it is proposed that future assessments focus on the damage caused to the institution’s interests and the effectiveness of preventative measures, based on the indicator method. It is concluded that a security category can exist only in the presence of threats. Thus, the existing classifications of threats to the economic security of a private higher education institution are clarified and supplemented. The components of economic security are compared with the legally established tasks, principles, rights, and obligations of a higher education institution, a list of threats to the economic security of a private higher education institution by its components is developed, and possible responses to these threats are recommended.

IntroductionStrategic knowledge mobilization efforts are needed to enhance uptake and use of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (24HMG), which describe optimal amounts of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep each day for overall health. The Whole Day Matters Toolkit for Primary Care is an evidence-informed resource to help primary care providers (PCPs) disseminate the 24HMGs. The purpose of this study was to describe gaining consensus on toolkit components through iterative revisions to improve its utility in preparation for the September 2022 launch, and to summarize early dissemination efforts. MethodsA multidisciplinary expert working group planned three modified Delphi surveys to assess PCPs’ level of agreement with toolkit components on 7-point Likert scales with follow-up prompts for ratings of 4 or less. Consensus was defined a priori as a mean of 6 or higher out of 7 and 60% or more of PCPs selecting at least “somewhat agree.” Items on which consensus was reached were removed from subsequent surveys unless they were revised. ResultsTwenty PCPs completed surveys 1 and 2; 15 completed survey 3. Consensus was reached on 5% (4/83), 17% (14/83) and 55% (38/69) of the items in surveys 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The number of qualitative comments decreased from 26 to 19 to 12, further indicating increasing consensus. ConclusionItems on which consensus was not gained may reflect differences in provider characteristics or settings. A coproduced dissemination strategy was enacted. Toolkit reach was evaluated at launch and 4 months later.

IntroductionDes efforts stratégiques de mobilisation des connaissances sont nécessaires pour améliorer l’adoption et l’utilisation des Directives canadiennes en matière de mouvement sur 24 heures (DM24H), qui présentent la durée quotidienne optimale d’activité physique, de comportement sédentaire et de sommeil pour favoriser une bonne santé générale. La trousse « Profitez au maximum de votre journée » pour les prestataires de soins primaires est une ressource fondée sur des données probantes visant à aider les prestataires de soins primaires à faire connaître les DM24H. Le but de cette étude était de décrire comment un consensus a été obtenu sur les éléments de la trousse au moyen de révisions itératives afin d’améliorer son utilité en vue de sa publication en septembre 2022 ainsi que de résumer les premiers efforts de diffusion. MethodsUn groupe multidisciplinaire d’experts a planifié trois sondages par méthode Delphi modifiée pour évaluer, sur une échelle de Likert à 7 points comprenant des messages de suivi pour les cotes de 4 ou moins, dans quelle mesure les prestataires de soins primaires approuvaient les éléments de la trousse. Le consensus a été défini a priori comme une moyenne de 6 ou plus sur 7 aux questions où 60 % des prestataires de soins primaires ou plus avaient répondu au moins « plutôt d’accord ». Les éléments sur lesquels un consensus a été atteint ont été retirés des sondages suivants, sauf s’ils avaient été révisés. ResultsVingt prestataires de soins primaires ont répondu aux sondages 1 et 2 et 15 ont répondu au sondage 3. Un consensus a été atteint sur 5 % (4/83) des éléments du sondage 1, 17 % (14/83) du sondage 2 et 55 % (38/69) du sondage 3. Le nombre de commentaires qualitatifs est passé de 26 à 19, puis à 12, autre indication de la hausse du consensus. ConclusionLes éléments sur lesquels le consensus n’a pas été obtenu sont sans doute le reflet de différences dans les caractéristiques des prestataires ou dans le milieu dans lequel ils exercent. Une stratégie de diffusion élaborée conjointement a été mise en oeuvre. La portée de la trousse d’outils a été évaluée au moment de sa publication ainsi que quatre mois plus tard.

Arctic biodiversity is under threat from both climate-induced environmental change and anthropogenic activity. However, the rapid rate of change and the challenging conditions for studying Arctic environments mean that many research questions must be answered before we can strategically allocate resources for management. Addressing threats to biodiversity in the Arctic is further complicated by the region's complex geopolitics, as eight countries claim jurisdiction over the area, with multiple local considerations such as Indigenous sovereignty and resource rights. Here, we identify research priorities to serve as a starting point for addressing the most pressing threats to Arctic biodiversity. We began by collecting pressing research questions about Arctic biodiversity, thematizing them as either threats or actions, and then categorizing them further into 18 groups. Then, drawing on cross-disciplinary and global expertise of professionals in Arctic science, management, and policy, we considered the barriers to answering these questions and proposed potential solutions that could be implemented if barriers were overcome. Overall, our horizon scan provides an expert assessment of threats (e.g., species’ responses to climate change) and actions (e.g., a lack of fundamental information regarding Arctic biodiversity) needing attention and is intended to guide future conservation action within the Arctic.

Yoghurt is a fermented dairy product with many beneficial properties. During fermentation process using lactic acid bacteria, the physicochemical properties of yoghurt change including the soluble protein (SP) content due to the formation of insoluble protein as a result of decreasing pH. The present study was directed to determine the best conditions to obtain the highest SP content, even though some of proteins become insoluble in yoghurt. The optimal conditions were determined by response surface method-central composite design (RSM-CCD). Yoghurt was prepared by fermenting pasteurized milk with Lactobacillus bulgaricus with varying concentrations of psyllium husk powder (PHP) and full cream milk powder (FCMP). The SP content was determined using Lowry method. The results of the present study indicate that the highest SP content can be achieved when 0.162 % w/v PHP and 5.621 % w/v FCMP are used in the yoghurt preparation process. The SP concentration at these conditions can reach up to 2.704 ± 0.102 mg·mL-1. The organoleptic tests of the yoghurt indicate that it has better acceptance by semi-trained panelists compared to yoghurt prepared without the addition of PHP and FCMP.

The article is devoted to modern trends in foreign policy. Namely, the formulation of so-called digital strategies in the foreign policy activities of countries. Diplomats and foreign ministries are faced with enor- mous changes caused by digitalization. The ability to adequately and effectively respond to these chang- es determines the future prosperity of countries. Foreign policy is already digital in many respects. The au- thor of the article emphasizes that the formation of the information society and the development of infor- mation and communication technologies lead to significant changes in the foreign policy of modern states. Modern approaches to digital strategies of foreign policy of countries of the world are revealed, which can be reduced to four categories. The article discusses the fact that many countries around the world are looking for ways to solve the problem of digitalization of foreign policy. Among the most developed strategies for digitalization of for- eign policy, international experts name the policy approaches developed by Australia, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Norway and Switzerland. According to international experts, one of the most meaningful is the Swiss Digital Foreign Policy Strategy, which covers more than 30 issues divided into 4 blocks. For ex- ample, the remarks of the developers of the document Cybersecurity Strategy of the Netherlands for 2022- 2028 cannot fail to attract attention, which states that people and businesses should have the full bene- fit of participating in the digital society. It is noted that Denmark wants to position itself as a technological, diplomatic and digital pioneer country. It is emphasized that in 2017, Denmark became the first country in the world to raise technology and digitalization to a cross-cutting priority of foreign and security policy. Researched the Strategy of Foreign Policy Activities of Ukraine.

In the oldest phase of the Early Bronze Age settlement on Zyndram’s Hill in Maszkowice (Western Carpathians), the hilltop plateau was partially surrounded by massive stone fortifications which were extensively excavated between 2015 and 2020. In our paper, we shall focus on the unusual element of this fortification system, described as the “eastern gate”. This passage functioned only in the oldest phase of the Early Bronze Age settlement (ca. 1725-1690 BC) and was later filled in and partially destroyed – a change that could have been of a violent nature. Various features of this structure suggest that its function was not purely utilitarian, instead being to some extent related to ritual practices. We shall try to justify this assumption based on various categories of evidence: the layouts of the entire defensive system of the settlement on Zyndram’s Hill and of similar fortifications in the Balkans, the landscape and astronomical context, the symbolism of some of the elements used in the gate (stone stelae) and the artefacts discovered in it (anthropomorphic figurines), and finally, the results of archaeological-botanical and microstratigraphic analysis of sediments.

The article describes the way the population of the Kemerovo Region responded to the death of Joseph Stalin at mourning events as a projection of the Soviet myth. The author studied verbal and non-verbal reactions to identify the main concepts and patterns used by the local people to describe their psycho-emotional and mental state after receiving the news of Stalin’s death. The content and discourse analyses revealed the following verbal reactions: "shared loss" and "personal grief"; Stalin as a father figure, personifying the paternalistic attitude of the Soviet state towards its citizens; a connection between Stalin and the achievements of the entire country; appeals to citizens to strengthen production and political activity, to support the government; "immortality" of Stalin, his system, and Soviet achievements, and the "eternal significance" of his ideas. The non-verbal reactions included a total mobilization of political and production activities to consolidate people around the party and state institutions. In general, people’s response to Stalin’s death could be reduced to a reproduction of certain patterns that reflected the main ideologemes of the Soviet myth.

The rock art of the Minusinsk Basin has a long academic history; however, it still brings about new fascinating discoveries. Some petroglyphs of the Tesin period show people sitting cross-legged on the floor in the so-called Oriental fashion. These images have not yet received special scientific attention. Such images are most often single; they are to be found on such petroglyph sites and mound stones of the Minusinsk Basin as Oglakhty, Kamenka, Togr-Tag, Abakan-Perevoz, Tepsei, etc. The present analysis of their legs made it possible to describe the variability of the sitting posture. Their arms are symmetrically arranged, the hands being devoid of any attributes but for one exception: the cross-legged sitter on a mound stone in Tepsei is holding a snake. Ancient Oriental art has no iconographic patterns for the Snake-Holder. In some cases, the Snake-Holder is depicted kneeling. The Early Iron Age art renders a certain analogy to the Snake-Holder from Tepsei, i.e., the horned deity from the Gundestrup cauldron. The earliest images of an anthropomorphic creature sitting cross-legged on the floor belong to the Neolithic Age (Crete) and Bronze Age (Harappan civilization). The archaeological and ethnographic analysis revealed the polyvariant character of the cross-legged sitter. The images from the Minusinsk petroglyphs demonstrate obvious similarities with the art of the Early Iron Age and the early Middle Ages. Multiple variants of the cross-legged sitter appeared in ancient art of different peoples across the world. However, the similarity hardly indicates borrowing: the universal conditions of human routine and religious practices rendered similar body postures captured in art.

The article describes the recent Russian historiography (2010s – early 2020s) on the anti-cosmopolitan campaign launched by the Soviet authorities in 1949–1953. The research relied on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The authors used the methods of comparative-historical and problem-chronological research, retrospective and prospective analyses, and periodization to identify the research areas that keep attracting modern Russian historians. The latter seem to pursue the following problems and topics: the authorities vs. the Soviet intelligentsia; the Doctors’ Plot (1953); the state policy against Jewish communities; the anti-cosmopolitan campaign in provincial regions. The relationship between the authorities and the Soviet intelligentsia proved to be the most popular topic. The authors identified the main approaches that modern Russian historians applied to this topic. In addition, they compared the most recent Russian historiography with earlier research data to identify the topics that still maintain their debatable nature. Modern historians seem to focus on the anti-cosmopolitan campaign in peripheral Soviet regions. Apparently, the ethnic regions of the RSFSR interpreted the campaign in their own ways. The regional specifics of the anti-cosmopolitan campaign still need comprehensive research. Another promising direction is represented by biographical reconstructions of the repressed Soviet intelligentsia.

The article offers an interdisciplinary approach to the study of digitalization in the sphere of fossil fuel business between XX and XXI centuries. This economic sector has always resisted changes, which makes the research relevant both scientifically and technologically. The authors applied the theory of modernization to analyze the key forms and methods of digitalization as part of the innovative movement in the Russian economy that took place in the early 2000s. The comparative analysis made it possible to identify the patterns behind the economic, scientific, and technical development model, including individual segments and industries. The research revealed the causes and factors that guided the processes of automation, informatization, and computerization in the domestic fuel and energy complex, also in the intersectoral context. The analysis made it possible to describe the role of the state and the business in this process. The digitalization was more active in informatization and computerization. As the scientific and technological leadership passed on from the gas industry to the oil industry, the coal mining failed to achieve technological parity by 2010. The extensive methods of implementing digital solutions, which prevailed in the 1990s and early 2000s, gave way to intensive ones. It took fuel and energy enterprises 20 years to shift from occasional automation, informatization, and computerization to a comprehensive digital transformation. The latter resulted in innovative products in other industries. As Russia’s energy security strengthened, the digital support grew more and more dependent on foreign software and hardware.

The research examines the problem of different ways of perceiving the ancient philosophical tradition in classical Arab Muslim and medieval European philosophy. It is noted that the difference in the ways of perception is determined, in particular, by the peculiarities of the concept of “knowledge” in Islam and Christianity. In the interaction between Arab Muslim and Christian cultures, stereotypes emerge in mutual perceptions, surprisingly leading to paradoxes like the Christianization and Europeanization of Eastern Peripatetic teachings. Their works were translated into Latin, and their names were "Latinized". The most famous names of philosophers: Ibn Sina (980-1037) is better known in Europe as Avicenna and Ibn Rushd (1126-1198) as Averroes. These thinkers belonged to the school of Eastern Peripateticism. Eastern Peripateticism or Eastern Aristotelianism are terms that denote one of the directions of Arab-Muslim philosophy of the Middle Ages. As is known, it is the representatives of Eastern Peripateticism that are called falasifa (الفلاسفة), and their teachings falsafah (فلسفة). In medieval Arab-Muslim culture, the term "falsafa" referred to ancient philosophy and the teachings of thinkers like al-Farabi (870-950), Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rushd, who were influenced by ancient philosophical models. Unlike European medieval philosophy, a unique aspect of falsafa was that it was neither regarded as nor aspired to be a servant of religion. It is with the name of Ibn Rushd that one of the directions of development of medieval European philosophy is associated - “Latin Averroism”, which as a philosophical term is applied to the direction in scholasticism of the XIII-th century, based on Averroes’ interpretation of Aristotle and underlies the doctrine of “dual truth”, which considered the independence of truths of reason from truths of revelation, and, ultimately, philosophy from religion. The main representatives of this movement were Siger of Brabant (c. 1240-1284) and Boethius of Dacia (c. 1240-1284). The essence of the paradox is that medieval Europe knew the teachings of Averroes but did not know the teachings of Ibn Rushd or perceived them in its own way. At the same time, the Arab East, as the birthplace of Ibn Rushd’s teachings, was not familiar with either the so-called Averroism or the concept of “dual truth”. In this context, the paradox can be explained as a situation that exists in historical reality, but does not have a strictly logical explanation, that is, at first glance, the authorship of Averroes as the creator of the doctrine of “dual truth” seems true, but in fact is an unreliable statement. This is also due to the fact that the concepts and value attitudes of one culture, transferred to explain the phenomena of another culture, form a stereotypical perception of the phenomena of this other culture. At the same time, within the framework of the interaction of cultures, the spread of “Latin Averroism” is one of the examples of the integration of the Arab-Muslim philosophical tradition into medieval European culture.

Abu Hayyan al-Tawhidi is famous for being a valuable informant on secret sects, notable scholars of his time, as well as a transmitter of the unique logical-linguistic dispute that was held between his grammar teacher, Abu Sa’id al-Sirafi, and the Christian logician Abu Bishr Matta (in Baghdad in 932). It was reflected by the author in the аeight’s “Night” (part) of his Magnum Opus the “Book of Enjoyment and Conviviality” (984). The plot of this famous scientific event revolves around the assumption that those who master language and grammar can efficiently deal with logical issues. Therefore, from Sirafi’s point of view, logic is only a “destructive trick” of “arrogant people” and a “blatant disrespect for the mother tongue.” Matta insisted that only through this science can one correctly distinguish between false and factual statements. The dialogue gives a brilliant idea of the traditionalists’ view of the ancient Greek heritage, particularly the concepts of “logos” and “syllogism”. According to the language criteria, Sirafi also reformulates the traditional view of the first al-Falasifa , al-Kindi . The research also examines, with the help of formal logic, whether this dialogue could be transmitted as we read it today.

The research attempts to conduct a comparative analysis of conceptual representations of societal security, its functions and practices in Scandinavian countries after the Cold War, when traditional security strategies focusing on geopolitics, specific war-related threats, and territorial defense are overlaid with new understandings of “threats” and the necessary range of state actions to address them. Strategies of ‘resilience’, risk management’, ‘crisis’ or ‘emergency management’ become important. In the Nordic countries, the need for societal security is coming to the fore, linked to the development of a social welfare society. The similarities in the theory and practice of societal security allow us to speak about the possible existence of own, Scandinavian system of societal/complex security. Our investigation shows that the Scandinavian way of ensuring security was formed on the basis of the “Scandinavian model”, founded on socialization and integration, and the basis of the new socio-philosophical understanding of security was readiness for broad actions: from military invasion to environmental threats, man-made disasters and terrorist attacks. However, a generally accepted interpretation of societal security among the Scandinavian countries has not yet developed; each country has its own peculiarities. However, differences are as common as similarities. Although there are undoubtedly special, Scandinavian values and ways to protect them. Identification of these peculiarities is the purpose of the presented study, which attempts to answer the question whether it is possible to speak about the existence of a special, “Scandinavian way” of conceptualizing and ensuring security. For this purpose, it is necessary to conduct a comparative analysis of security concepts, their formulation, and, most importantly, practical actions to ensure societal security in the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula on the example of Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland.

Studies examining the correlation between children’s participation in sports activities and their executive functions (EFs) are relatively scarce, especially those that control the impact of participants’ intelligence. This research aimed to compare the EFs of children engaged in sports with those of their non-athletic peers, while controlling the impact of intelligence. Additionally, it compared the EFs of children participating in open skills sports (OSS) with those practicing closed skills sports (CSS). The sample included 83 participants (53% girls), aged 9-11 years, of whom 40 engaged in sports during their leisure time. Intelligence was evaluated using Raven’s Progressive Matrices, while working memory was assessed using tasks such as Digit Span Backward and Figure Span Backward. Inhibitory control was measured using the Dodrill’s Stroop Test and the Go/No-Go task, while cognitive flexibility was evaluated with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Planning skills were assessed using the Twenty Questions Task and the Tower of London. The results revealed that children engaged in sports achieved better outcomes only in nonverbal working memory compared to the non-athletes. Involvement in OSS, rather than CSS, is associated with superior performance in nonverbal working memory. The findings suggest that engaging in cognitively stimulating physical activities holds potential benefits for the cognitive development of typically developing children. The observed relationship between sports activities and working memory further implies potential benefits for children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This underscores the necessity for additional research aimed at exploring specific mechanisms and adapting interventions to foster cognitive development in this group of children.

This research develops a multicriteria rating scale for the assessment of oral presentations in language for specific purposes (LSP) in order to make the assessment process easier, more objective, and reliable. For this purpose, the prevailing contemporary theoretical models of communicative competence and specific purpose language ability were explored and five different models of multicriteria rating scales were generated. The criteria with the corresponding descriptors were created based on the distinct characteristics of oral communication and public speaking activities. Subsequently, they were the subject of evaluation by 103 foreign language teachers who teach LSP in higher education institutions and vocational secondary schools in Serbia and Croatia. An online survey was used as a data-collection method. The answers were analysed by the quantitative analysis and fuzzy multicriteria decision-making analysis (MCDC) to obtain a favourable model of the scale suitable for the LSP oral presentation assessment. The results show that the Specific Purpose Communicative Competence Scale is the optimal model recommended for evaluating learners’ oral performance in the context of foreign LSP classroom. A ready-made rating scale for the LSP oral presentation assessment whose validity and reliability are based on theoretically and empirically investigated grounds represents the main contribution of the research. The paper also offers various possibilities for further research, such as testing the obtained scale’s validity in practice and comparing it with other assessment instruments.

The first part of the article provides a brief overview of Soviet criticism in relation to the Anglo-American literary neo-avant-garde from the 1960s until the end of the USSR, first of all, articles collected in a book “Neo-Avant-garde movements in foreign literature 1950-60” published by IWL RAS. Also, the reasons why the neo-avantgarde poetry was not translated and not reviewed in the Soviet period are analyzed. Separately, the article describes the existing literary connections between the neoavant- garde poets of the USA and the USSR, as well as the reverse reception of Soviet poetry and life in the USSR, recorded by American poets during trips to the Soviet Union, in particular, the travelogue book “Leningrad”. Attention is paid to the modern reinterpretation of Soviet-American literary contacts, a review of published and upcoming thematic literature. The second part of the article is devoted to the reception of Soviet literary neo-avant-garde movements by their English-speaking counterparts. The review of publications of Soviet neo-avant-garde poetry in English-speaking countries is carried out: bilingual anthologies by G. Reavy, O. Carlisle, S. Massie and P. France, the almanach “Apollo-77” and “The Blue Lagoon Anthology of Modern Russian Poetry”, collections of poems by V. Ufliand and G. Aygi. The activities of anthology compilers, both individuals and publishers, such as “Ardis press”, are also highlighted separately. The critical reviews, opinions of the compilers and translators on key areas and personalities, contacts and cases of creative interaction between the authors, for example, between G. Aygi and E. Morgan, are mentioned. On the base of these facts a summary of the processes of reception is made and a conclusion on the role of neo-avant-garde poetry in the history of the USSR is carried out.

The study focuses on examining the key factors influencing the competitive state of Ukraine’s socio-economic model at the current stage of development. An analysis of major macroeconomic parameters on the eve of Russia’s full-scale invasion revealed substantial potential for economic recovery following the losses incurred due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Taking into account recent European Union reforms aimed at enhancing competitiveness based on the European Commission’s Communication to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of the Regions, titled «Long-term competitiveness of the EU: looking beyond 2030,» certain related directions for implementing relevant transformations in Ukraine have been identified. As a result, the authors developed a comprehensive approach to enhance the competitiveness of Ukraine. Correspondingly, possible pathways for implementing specific components of this comprehensive approach were proposed. It has been determined that, through incentives involving public and business influence on the elite, it is necessary to ensure the development, implementation, and monitoring of the most urgent reforms, namely: security reform, institutional reform, infrastructure reconstruction, and innovation reform. The most critical steps were identified, primarily involving the deepening of cooperation with foreign partners at both business and governmental levels. The need for decisive action against corruption in all areas of life and the urgent institutional reform required was also highlighted. Using G. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, a regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between institutional quality ratings from the “Global Competitiveness Index” and Ukraine’s cultural dimension values. Based on these calculations and the evaluation of statistical correlation density through the determination coefficient, it was found that higher individualism correlates with higher institutional quality, while higher power distance correlates with lower institutional quality. The dependency of institutions on other cultural dimensions was too weak to indicate a meaningful relationship; however, graphical analysis of long-term orientation and uncertainty avoidance suggested a shared dynamic. Three main directions for implementing institutional reform were proposed: fostering civic patriotism among the population, combating the old, corrupt, anti-national elite (oligarchs), and cultivating patriotic meritocrats as replacements. Meeting these conditions would establish a strong foundation for further development of a rule-of-law state. Regarding infrastructure reconstruction and innovation reform, plans for modernization and digitalization were proposed. Particular attention should be paid to implementing and utilizing modern tools to leverage the full spectrum of financial and stock market opportunities. The implementation of modern educational approaches at all levels is also of great importance. The successful combination and implementation of these proposed processes will lead to increased productivity and competitiveness. The driver of positive changes should be Ukrainian business and civil society: entrepreneurs understand what is needed for dynamic growth, and citizens know what is required for a decent life.

The promotion of social justice pedagogy in Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) courses and virtual exchange (VE) programs has gained traction in the last decade, as opportunities for faculty and students to participate as equal partners in the internationalization of the curriculum have grown. This practice report highlights the processes and outcomes of critical engagement through an interactive World Café workshop at the 2023 IVEC conference in São Paulo, Brazil. The participants were a group of 45 international faculty and COIL coordinators from various higher education institutions. Nancy Fraser’s (2008; 2009) normative framework related to social justice was used to facilitate a critical discussion related to the economic, cultural, and political dimensions of their COIL courses in supporting participatory parity. Key trends, questions, and recommendations for enhancing social justice pedagogy were identified. These findings may provide a springboard to engage colleagues in further dialogue that could promote awareness around social justice pedagogy and participatory parity through COIL.

The present tense is the reference point in the French tense system that connects the future and the past. As it is closely related to both, it can express actions that relate to both the past and the future. Consequently, the primary meanings of the future can be conveyed by other grammatical forms in speech in Indicatif, depending on the context. The object of the study is the form of Présent de l’Indicatif (present actual/nonactual). The subject of the article is the semantic potential and the specifics of the present tense to convey the meaning of the fu- ture tense. The aim of the study is to determine the particularities of the grammatical temporal structure of the present tense in modern French, which is capable of conveying two meaning’s tense – present and past. The study focuses on the semantic and structural aspects related to the realising of the grammatical mean- ing of the future tense in the French language and speech system. Two methods were employed in the course of the study: the method of linguistic experiment and the method of reconstruction of a fragment of the language system. The application of these methods enabled us to confirm the primary hypothesis that the Présent de l’Indicatif form in the French language system has a futural potential and its structure is heterogeneous in nature. In contemporary French, actions conveyed by the grammatical present tense originate from the perceptual present and can extend to encompass larger and smaller segments in the direction of the future than the Futur simple form, contingent on the presence or absence of lexical markers. The grammatical meaning of “futur – present” is equivalent to the meaning of the future tense Futur simple in the French language system. The correlation between the moment of speech and the context determines the equal use of the Futur simple and the Présent in speech. In speech, a distinction is made between the concept of time and the manner in which it is expressed. The concept of time is a fundamental aspect of the conceptual sphere and, as a result, is related to language. In contrast, the manner in which time is expressed is a fundamental aspect of speech and discursive reality. The temporal meaning of utterances containing the form Présent de l’Indicatif, which belong semantically to the future plan, is actualised by a special type of connection present in the transition from “internal time” to “external time”. This transition is conveyed by the relation of posteriority to the moment of utterance, which is carried out by the speaker, while the modal meaning is actualised by the coincidence with the present moment in a softened form. The use of the method of linguistic experimentation, which involves the substitution and transformation of linguistic elements of the French language, in particular adverbial modifiers, made it possible to trace the grammatical temporal structure of the futural present and to determine the range of futural meanings of each of its variants. The futural present is discrete in nature, consisting of 4 temporal invariants located in the past, present and future. These variants have different degrees of future potential: 1) the present universal, which conveys timeless actions and whose future potential is unlimited in time and space; 2) relative present, whose future potential is limited by certain time modifiers; 3) the present tense, which conveys the near future; 4) the point present is the last in terms of the degree of future potential. The first two types have unlimited future potential that can stretch to infinity. The third type has the sec- ond largest future potential, its scope can be revealed if there are adverbial ti me modifi ers that mark, strength- time modifi ers that mark, strength- modifiers that mark, strength- en and specify the future present. These modifiers are able to increase the future potential of the sentence and objectify the systemic meaning of the Présent form. The Présent de l’Indicatif form has the capacity to convey a particular timeless mode of communication that locates the action simultaneously in multiple temporal planes (present, past and future). Its scope is semantically greater than the meaning of the perceptual simultaneity of the moment of speech. The futural present is located at the intersection of two temporal plans (present and future) in the French language system and simultaneously in three temporal plans in speech (past, present and future). And it is only the speaker who divides the continuous timeless Présent in the flow of their speech, thus actualising its true meaning. The modal connotation of Présent + probablement, equivalent to the connotation of Futur simple, conveys a complete modal shift of the tense form – the tense meaning of Présent (connection with the present) is completely erased and the modal connotation of the assumption of the future action becomes significant. The modal connotation of Présent + probablement is defined in the same context as the Futur simple. The futural present is used to demonstrate the probability or desirability of an action occurring due to the mental, syntactic, and semantic connection with the moment of speech. When the grammatical form is transferred to another tense in speech, potential semes are activated so that additional modal or referential shades of meaning can be realised. Thus, the Présent remains the most productive form for conveying the modal shades of meanings of the futurum in the French language system.

The article seeks to reveal the concept of compressive processes implemented in the professional slang of Ukrainian military people and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- of Ukrainian military people and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- of Ukrainian military people and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- Ukrainian military people and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- Ukrainian military people and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- military people and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- military people and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- people and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- people and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- and volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- volunteers. It is a conti nuati on of a series of works covering the cur- volunteers. It is a continuation of a series of works covering the cur- rent processes in language and speech. The main focus here is placed on abbreviation and univerbation as the processes able to create compressed modification of nominative units – both analytical, and synthetic, i.e., the processes belonging to internal, speech-based word formation. The topicality of the paper lies in its focus on phenomena that gradually become the history of the Ukrainian language and Slavic studies as a whole, including neologization and adjacent phenomena. Тhe research aims to define the productivity of compressives as units of military discourse, on one hand, and as the emergent linguistic material, on the other. The objectives of the study are as follows: 1) to separate compressives from the traditional derivates; 2) to determine the criteria for distinguishing the main compressive processes – abbreviation and univerbation; 3) to formulate the causes of the emergence of the investigated slang; 4) to give reasoning for the study of compressives in military discourse as a pro- spective research issue. The main research methods include the descriptive and structural ones, as they help demonstrate the specificity of univerbs and abbreviation as instances of speech compression. We have utilized the dis- tributive analysis approach to determine the types of nominative units’ transformation. Military discourse is the field of language functioning that fosters the production of neologisms emerging as a result of different types of compression. It reflects the dynamic nature of military discourse with its need to convey maximum amount of information within the minimum period of time, striving for clearance, laconic forms, and rich content. Within the range of Ukrainian military lexicon under analysis, we single out nouns (formed by means of abbreviation, univerbation, and simulation of univerbation) as well as verbs and their verb forms (which often result from univerbation). The emergence of compressive nominations in question follows the general tendency of lexical nomination towards modifying analytical or complex synthetic units into shorter speech segments, being a universal feature of the current state of the Indo-European languages as a whole.

IntroductionL’épidémie actuelle de surdoses demeure l’une des plus grandes crises de santé publique au Canada. Si, pour la freiner, différentes mesures de réduction des méfaits ont été mises en place, ces mesures demeurent concentrées dans les milieux urbains. Les services d’intervention par téléphone et par application en cas de surdose sont de nouveaux services technologiques de réduction des méfaits susceptibles de pallier le peu de ressources offertes en milieu rural : grâce à la supervision virtuelle de la consommation, ils pourraient réduire les décès liés à la consommation de drogues chez les personnes consommatrices de substances qui vivent dans des régions rurales. Ces services permettent une activation plus rapide et à distance des procédures d’intervention d’urgence dans l’éventualité où une personne perdrait conscience. Dans cette étude, nous explorons les expériences, les perceptions et les attitudes des habitants de régions rurales à l’égard de ces services. MéthodologieNous avons mené des entretiens semi-structurés auprès de 15 personnes consommatrices de substances (dont 7 [46,7 %] de sexe masculin et 9 [60 %] Autochtones) vivant dans des collectivités rurales, éloignées ou autochtones. Les entretiens ont pris fin lorsque la saturation des données a été atteinte. Les données ont été analysées selon une analyse thématique. RésultatsSix thèmes clés se sont dégagés de l’analyse : 1) selon les participants, les services d’intervention par téléphone et par application en cas de surdose offrent une solution pragmatique en milieu rural, mais leur utilisation et leur efficacité pourraient comporter certaines limites; 2) la localisation en milieu rural est susceptible d’allonger le temps de réponse des services médicaux d’urgence, réduisant ainsi l’efficacité des services d’intervention par téléphone et par application en cas de surdose; 3) l’utilisation des services d’intervention par téléphone et par application en cas de surdose pourrait être limitée en raison de l’importante stigmatisation à laquelle font face les habitants consommateurs de substances des collectivités rurales, éloignées ou autochtones; 4) le manque d’accès à la technologie reste un obstacle à l’utilisation de ces services; 5) dans les régions rurales, les gens sont souvent peu sensibilisés à la réduction des méfaits; 6) chez les personnes autochtones qui consomment des substances et qui vivent enmilieu rural, la consommation de substances et la réduction des méfaits ont des implications sociales spécifiques. ConclusionMême si, de l’avis des participants, les services d’intervention par téléphone et par application en cas de surdose offrent une stratégie de réduction des méfaits possible chez les personnes consommatrices de substances vivant en milieu rural, certaines contraintes persistent, dont le temps de réponse, l’accès à la technologie et la stigmatisation associée à la consommation de substances.

AbstractFalls among older adults (aged 65 years and older) are a public health concern in Canada. Fall-related injuries can cause a reduction in quality of life among older adults, and death. They also entail substantial health care costs. It is essential to monitor fallrelated injuries and deaths among older adults to better understand temporal trends and characteristics and to evaluate fall prevention strategies. We used the most up-to-date data from the Canadian Vital Statistics–Death database, Discharge Abstract Database and National Ambulatory Care Reporting System to analyze the temporal trends of fallrelated mortality, hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits among older adults in Canada over more than a decade. Age and sex characteristics were also examined. In 2022, 7189 older adults died due to a fall in Canada (excluding Yukon). From 2010 to 2022, deaths due to falls generally increased in both number and rates. In fiscal year 2023/24, there were 81 599 fall-related hospitalizations in Canada (excluding Quebec) and 212 570 fall-related ED visits in Ontario and Alberta. From fiscal year 2010/11 to 2023/24, even though the overall trend of the rates of fall-related hospitalizations and ED visits did not increase, the numbers generally rose year by year except in 2020/21, the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. As for the age and sex characteristics, the rates for deaths, hospitalizations and ED visits rose with advancing age for both men and women. With the aging population, continuous monitoring of the trends is crucial for fall prevention.

IntroductionThe overdose epidemic continues to be one of the largest public health crises in Canada. Various harm reduction supports have been implemented to curb this epidemic; however, they remain concentrated within urban settings. To address this limitation, overdose response hotlines and applications (ORHA) are novel, technologybased harm reduction services that may reduce drug-related mortality for people who use substances (PWUS) living in rural communities through virtual supervised consumption. These services enable more timely and remote activation of emergency responses, should an individual become unresponsive. We aimed to explore the experiences, perceptions and attitudes surrounding ORHA of individuals living in rural areas. MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 15 PWUS (7 [46.7%] male, 9 [60%] Indigenous) who lived in rural, remote or Indigenous communities. Interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. ResultsSix key themes emerged: (1) participants viewed ORHA as a pragmatic intervention for rural areas but noted potential limitations to its uptake and effectiveness; (2) rural geography may hinder EMS response times, reducing the efficacy of ORHA; (3) ORHA uptake may be limited due to significant stigma faced by PWUS in these communities; (4) lack of access to technology remains a barrier to ORHA access; (5) harm reduction awareness is often limited in rural communities; and (6) there are unique social implications around substance use and harm reduction for rural Indigenous PWUS. ConclusionWhile participants believed that ORHA may be a feasible harm reduction strategy for rural PWUS, limitations, including response times, technological access and substance use stigma, remain.

RésuméLes chutes chez les aînés (65 ans et plus) constituent un problème de santé publique au Canada. Les blessures liées aux chutes sont susceptibles d’entraîner une réduction de la qualité de vie chez les aînés ou de causer la mort. Elles entraînent également des coûts importants en matière de soins de santé. Il est essentiel de réaliser un suivi des blessures et des décès liés aux chutes chez les aînés afin de mieux en comprendre les tendances temporelles et les caractéristiques et d’évaluer les stratégies de prévention des chutes. Nous avons utilisé les plus récentes données de la Base canadienne de données de l’état civil – Décès, de la Base de données sur les congés des patients et du Système national d’information sur les soins ambulatoires pour analyser les tendances des décès, des hospitalisations et des visites à l’urgence liées aux chutes chez les aînés au Canada sur plus de dix ans. Nous avons également effectué une analyse en fonction de l’âge et du sexe. En 2022, dans l’ensemble du Canada (à l’exception du Yukon), 7 189 aînés sont décédés en raison d’une chute. Entre 2010 et 2022, de manière générale, le nombre et le taux de décès attribuables aux chutes ont augmenté. Au cours de l’exercice 2023-2024, il y a eu 81 599 hospitalisations liées aux chutes dans l’ensemble du Canada (à l’exception du Québec) et 212 570 visites à l’urgence liées aux chutes en Ontario et en Alberta. Entre 2010-2011 et 2023-2024, si la tendance générale des taux d’hospitalisation et de visite à l’urgence liées aux chutes n’a pas augmenté, leur nombre a généralement augmenté d’une année sur l’autre, sauf en 2020-2021, soit au début de la pandémie de COVID-19. En ce qui a trait à l’âge et au sexe, les taux de décès, d’hospitalisation et de visite à l’urgence ont augmenté avec l’âge à la fois chez les hommes et chez les femmes. Compte tenu du vieillissement de la population, la surveillance continue des tendances est essentielle pour la prévention des chutes.

Every Killing tensor field on the space of constant curvature and on the complex projective space can be decomposed into the sum of symmetric tensor products of Killing vector fields (equivalently, every polynomial in velocities integral of the geodesic flow is a polynomial in the linear integrals). This fact led to the natural question on whether this property is shared by Killing tensor fields on all Riemannian symmetric spaces. We answer this question in the negative by constructing explicit examples of quadratic Killing tensor fields which are not quadratic forms in the Killing vector fields on the quaternionic projective spaces $\mathbb{H} P^n, \, n \ge 3$, and on the Cayley projective plane $\mathbb{O} P^2$.

High-energy laser beams interacting with flowing plasmas can produce a plasma response that leads to deflection of the beam, beam bending. Such beams have usually a speckle structure generated by optical smoothing techniques that reduce the spatial and temporal coherence in the laser field pattern. The cumulative plasma response from laser speckles slows down the velocity of the incoming flow by momentum conservation. For slightly super-sonic flow the cumulative plasma response to the ponderomotive force exerted by the beam speckle ensemble is the strongest, such that slowing down the flow to subsonic velocities leads eventually to the generation of a shock around the cross section of the beam. This scenario has been predicted theoretically and is confirmed here by our hydrodynamic simulations in two dimensions with speckled beams and in one dimension with a reduced model. The conditions of shock generation are given in terms of the ponderomotive pressure, speckle size and the flow velocity. The nonlinear properties of the shocks are analyzed using Rankine–Hugoniot relations. According to linear theory, temporally smoothed laser beams exhibit a higher threshold for shock generation. Numerical simulations with beams that are smoothed by spectral dispersion compare well with the linear theory results, diverging from those produced by beams with only a random phase plates in the nonlinear regime. The conditions necessary for shock generation and their effects on the laser plasma coupling in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments are also discussed.

Many social processes are characterized by multi-layered spatiotemporal dynamics. These dynamics cannot be visualized in the traditional cartographic way of locating social realities within the Cartesian coordinate system. Drawing on the insights from critical cartography and the debates on diagrammatic reasoning in the arts, this article discusses different ways of visualizing qualitative research. In qualitative research, there has been reluctance to engage in visualization practices. While visualizations provide evidence for research and serve as visual proof, they also reify social relations, naturalize certain perspectives on research objects, and thereby establish and legitimize specific ways of interpreting field data. Despite this important critique, visualizations can also serve as epistemic instruments that help us to think about, illustrate, represent, and assert research findings in different ways. Understanding visualizations as epistemic instruments allows us to shift our focus from visualizing as a technique of representation to visualizing as a research technique and a medium to reflect on and articulate ambiguous and nuanced field experience. Drawing on our auto-ethnographically documented experimental visualization practices, we suggest that visualization should be considered more systematically as a method that bears self-reflexive and epistemic potential within qualitative research processes. Visualizations can inspire and complement qualitative research processes in three ways. First, depicting research results in graphic formats, such as diagrams, forces us to think about qualitative research in more-abstract terms and requires us to formulate arguments in more-straightforward ways. Second, visualization practices challenge us to reflexively question and re-engage with our findings and to revisit pre-formulated interpretations and representations from a visual perspective. Third, by offering a different perspective, visual representations inspire further insights and allow for a multidimensional creative and self-reflexive (re-)engagement with qualitative data.

Abstract Background Cross-validation techniques in genetic evaluations encounter limitations due to the unobservable nature of breeding values and the challenge of validating estimated breeding values (EBVs) against pre-corrected phenotypes, challenges which the Linear Regression (LR) method addresses as an alternative. Furthermore, beef cattle genetic evaluation programs confront challenges with connectedness among herds and pedigree errors. The objective of this work was to evaluate the LR method's performance under pedigree errors and weak connectedness typical in beef cattle genetic evaluations, through simulation. Methods We simulated a beef cattle population resembling the Argentinean Brangus, including a quantitative trait selected over six pseudo-generations with a heritability of 0.4. This study considered various scenarios, including: 25% and 40% pedigree errors (PE-25 and PE-40), weak and strong connectedness among herds (WCO and SCO, respectively), and a benchmark scenario (BEN) with complete pedigree and optimal herd connections. Results Over six pseudo-generations of selection, genetic gain was simulated to be under- and over-estimated in PE-40 and WCO, respectively, contrary to the BEN scenario which was unbiased. In genetic evaluations with PE-25 and PE-40, true biases of − 0.13 and − 0.18 genetic standard deviations were simulated, respectively. In the BEN scenario, the LR method accurately estimated bias, however, in PE-25 and PE-40 scenarios, it overestimated biases by 0.17 and 0.25 genetic standard deviations, respectively. In herds facing WCO, significant true bias due to confounding environmental and genetic effects was simulated, and the corresponding LR statistic failed to accurately estimate the magnitude and direction of this bias. On average, true dispersion values were close to one for BEN, PE-40, SCO and WCO, showing no significant inflation or deflation, and the values were accurately estimated by LR. However, PE-25 exhibited inflation of EBVs and was slightly underestimated by LR. Accuracies and reliabilities showed good agreement between true and LR estimated values for the scenarios evaluated. Conclusions The LR method demonstrated limitations in identifying biases induced by incomplete pedigrees, including scenarios with as much as 40% pedigree errors, or lack of connectedness, but it was effective in assessing dispersion, and population accuracies and reliabilities even in the challenging scenarios addressed.

Saschiz, once one of the most important Saxon settlements of eastern Transylvania, located 23 km away from Sighisoara, was included decades ago in the UNESCO world heritage list. On a rocky hill north‑west of the village rises its refuge fortress, whose beginnings have been archaeologically ascribed to the early 15th century based on the research undertaken in 1999–2000, the first investigation of this kind undertaken on site. In 2018, the fortress entered restoration, and in 2023 a large‑scale archaeology research project was initiated, involving excavations both inside the area of the preserved fortified structure – formerly the main ward of the fortress – and beyond it, in the area where the outer ward once stood. Due to the amount of data and materials collected during the 2023 investigation, the research results will be published gradually, as they are being processed. This paper, the first one in the series, concerns the findings from the area of the outer ward, of which at the start of the research only the ruins of the two towers that were flanking the southern entrance could still be clearly discerned. The investigation established the planimetry of the southern and eastern defensive walls of the outer ward, identified the ruins of a smaller eastern tower midway on the eastern rampart and discovered that the course of the fortifications extended much in the north‑east, to encompass a small terrace. All newly identified wall structures were in poor condition, a situation that may be partially explained through the miserly use of mortar and the common employment of dry foundations. The material finds were scarce, and most of them seemed to be castoffs from the main ward rather than actual signs of activity in the outer ward. The discovery of a grave, likely medieval or post‑medieval, overlapped by the foundations of the southern gate tower, contributed little to dating the construction of this outer fortification. While it has been long established that the rampart of the outer ward was attached to the School Tower of the main ward, the time of its construction remains doubtful, although the uneven and meagre construction techniques employed may plead for a late period, when the community of Saschiz had already went into decline.

Understanding the microstructural variability in unidirectional composite prepreg tapes is relevant to investigating mechanisms of tape microstructure formation, their impact on its processability and the mechanical performance of the final composite part. It has been shown that three-dimensional microstructural variability at the single-fibre level can be resolved by X-ray micro-computed tomography (XCT). However, to define a representative microstructural fingerprint of a given tape, investigations at the required small voxel size lead to limited volumes of observation, which might not be representative. This research aims to extend these findings via a multiscale approach, considering scales of observations, from microscopic (single fibre) up to mesoscopic (dimension of tape) length scale, to generate further insight into the microstructural organisation of thermoplastic prepreg tapes. By exploring the ability of XCT imaging for carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites at different voxel sizes, the work aims to identify the limitations of the use of different scales of observations to capture features of microstructures and their propagation from micro- to mesoscale level. While structure tensor analysis appeared to correctly capture misaligned regions in XCT images with small voxel size (1/10 of the fibre diameter), the method proved ineffective for larger voxel size images (1/2 of the fibre diameter).

Para a constituição do Gabinete de História Natural da reformada Universidade de Coimbra, Domingos Vandelli (1735-1816) contribuiu com duas colecções de história natural, uma que tinha trazido de Itália em 1764, e outra que preparou em Lisboa, entre 1764 e 1772. Por meio da análise dos inventários dessas duas colecções, foi possível fazer, com razoável segurança e pela primeira vez, que tenhamos conhecimento, uma reconstituição do elenco dos animais e das plantas presentes, que revelaram um conjunto excepcional em termos de quantidade e de diversidade, que muito enriqueceu a então criada Faculdade de Filosofia, tanto na vertente do ensino como de investigação no âmbito da história natural.

Background: Professionalism is vital in medicine, yet gaps exist in its teaching within post-graduate medical education (PGME). Methods: We developed an eight-session curriculum on professionalism for geriatrics residents at the University of Toronto. Topics included personal-professional identity, physician well-being, communication, and leadership, incorporating a focus on self-reflection throughout. We evaluated the curriculum in two ways: (1) we captured immediate reactions using standard evaluations with Likert-scale questions on teaching effectiveness. (2) Graduated residents participated in semi-structured interviews to assess deeper reactions and longer-term impacts on professional identity and practice. Interview transcripts were rigorously analyzed using thematic. Results: The teaching effectiveness scores averaged from 80 written evaluations were excellent: 4.45/5 (89%). We interviewed 12 of 22 eligible graduates (55%). Thematic analysis demonstrated that the curriculum impacted residents in three key thematic areas: (1) it led participants to understand their role as physicians in a more comprehensive way, while staying consistent with their personal values and strengths. (2) Communication skills training in particular equipped learners with important skills needed to enact their professional standards. (3) Through developing a supportive community and practicing mindful self-reflection, participants reported improvements in their well-being. Conclusions: This paper demonstrates that professionalism can and should be integrated into the formal curriculum of post-graduate medical education. Key success factors in our study included a focus on fostering peer support and training in communication skills as a concrete method to actualize personal professional standards.

Objectif : déterminer la place des Anti-Inflammatoires Non Stéroïdiens (AINS) chez les rhumatisants âgés au Centre Hospitalier Régional Tsévié. Patients et méthodes : Une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive et analytique a été menée de décembre 2022 à octobre 2023 portant sur des patients âgés (≥60 ans) ayant été traités par des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens. En cas d’infection, les AINS ont été utilisés comme traitement adjuvant et à distance de l’antibiothérapie. Résultats : Deux cent quarante- trois des 882 patients (27,6%) examinés au cours de la période d’étude et âgés d’au moins ­60 ans avaient utilisé des AINS. Ils se répartissaient en 77 hommes (32%) et 166 femmes (68%). L’âge moyen était de 69 ans (extrêmes de 65 ans et 98 ans). L’hypertension artérielle était présente chez 118 patients (49%), une insuffisance rénale chez 6 (2,5%) et une hémorragie digestive chez 9 (3,7%). La pathologie dégénérative du rachis (137 cas, 5­6%), la gonarthrose (43 cas, 18%), les métastases osseuses (22 cas, 9%), les pathologies périarticulaires (23 cas, 9%), les pathologies microcristallines (4 cas, 1,6%), les rhumatismes inflammatoires (5 cas, 2%), l’algodystrophie (2 cas, 0,8%) et les infections (7 cas, 2,9%) ont été les affections ayant motivé l’usage d’AINS. Les pathologies associées telles que : la pathologie dégénérative du rachis et gonarthrose (4,1%), la pathologie périarticulaire et la pathologie dégénérative du rachis (1,5%) étaient également retrouvées. Le traitement par AINS a été instauré à posologie minimale dans 64,7% des cas sur une durée inférieure à 10 jours dans 46% des cas. Les inhibiteurs de la pompe à proton ont été associés dans 20% des cas. Les inhibiteurs sélectifs de la cyclooxygénase 2 (coxibs) représentaient 49,8% des cas et les Arylacétates dans 28,4% des cas Vingt-sept patients souffraient d’Ulcère gastro duodénal (11,11%), Deux cents vingt-six patients étaient perdus de vue une fois le traitement entamé. Conclusion : La prise en charge de la douleur et de l’inflammation chez les personnes âgées est nécessaire et passe parfois par des anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens qui sont l’une des causes de morbidités liées aux médicaments. Les prescriptions d’AINS chez cette population doivent répondre à leurs besoins spécifiques tout en améliorant non seulement les résultats thérapeutiques mais, surtout, minimisant le risque iatrogène.

Objectif : Il n’existe actuellement aucune définition de la spondyloarthrite axiale difficile à traiter (D2TaxSpA) contrairement à la polyarthrite rhumatoïde qui a été proposée par l’EULAR, l’objectif de ce travail était de décrire les caractéristiques épidémio-cliniques des patients dit difficiles à traiter (D2T), et d’identifier les facteurs associés à ce groupe. Patients et méthodes : Il s’est agi d’une étude monocentrique transversale à visée descriptive et analytique menée sur les patients suivis pour spondyloarthrite dans le service de rhumatologie de l’Hôpital NOVO (site de Pontoise, région Ile de France) de juillet à novembre 2023. La D2T AxSpA a été définie comme définie de la manière suivante : prescriptions successives d’au moins trois traitements ciblés, sans limite de temps entre les rotations de traitement, ou prescriptions successives d’au moins deux traitements ciblés de mécanismes d’actions différents (anti-TNF, anti-IL17, JAKi). Nous avons comparé les patients D2T aux patients non D2T. Résultats : Sur les 134 patients ont été inclus dans l’étude, 47 (35%) étaient D2T et 87 (65%) ND2T. Une CRP > 5mg/l (63% vs 42%, p=0,026), la présence d’enthésites (79%vs 61%, p=0,036) et la fibromyalgie et/ou dépression (40% vs 12%, p 5mg/l OR ajusté 8,8 (IC 95% [2,1-37,7] et p = 0,003) était associée à la D2T AxSpA. Il n’y avait pas de différence quant à l’âge moyen des patients, aux comorbidités comme l’HTA et le diabète sucré et l’ancienneté de l’AxSpA. Conclusion : D2T AxSpA a concerné 35% des patients de notre étude, elle a été associée à l’inflammation biologique, à la présence d’enthésites et à la fibromyalgie/dépression.

Rabies continues to affect wildlife and domestic animals in northern Canada and Alaska, but no cases have been reported in the Yukon since the 1970s. To better understand the presence of rabies in the territory, a surveillance program began in 2009, using opportunistically collected samples from 13 species of wild mammals. Samples were collected from trapped wildlife through carcass collection programs, from animals that were found dead by the public, and those involved in human-wildlife conflict or in vehicle collisions. All samples (n=763) were negative for rabies virus antigen. Five (