197 results on '"Tsunami"'
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2. The Tsunami Generated by the Gorringe Bank Fault: Analyzing Wave Heights and Travel Time in the Atlantic Coast of Morocco
- Author
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Outiskt Mohamed, Tichli Soufiane, Baptista Maria Ana, Tadibaghtand Abdelkarim, and Aboumaria Khadija
- Subjects
tsunami ,maximum wave heights ,tsunami arrival time ,morocco ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Two hundred sixty-eight years (about three centuries) since the 1755 Lisbon tsunami, which provoked large-scale damage in Portugal, Spain and Morocco. Scientists in several countries have mobilized to develop investigative methods to study this extraordinary tsunami, with the aim of reducing the impact of waves in future events and protecting and warning populations at risk. However, the most important question remains whether the entire damaged community has sufficient information about the impact to prepare for tsunami risks. The aim of this paper is to determine the maximum wave heights in selected cities located within high-risk tsunami zones in Morocco, as well as the tsunami arrival time for each site. We used the Non-linear Shallow Water model With Nested Grids (NSWING) code to model tsunami propagation. Six cities were determined as observation points as being the subject of tsunami studies in previous work, namely Tangier, Asilah, Rabat, Casablanca, El-Jadida and Safi. The maximum wave height calculated within the Atlantic coast of Morocco exceeds 5 m in some locations and the first waves reach the Moroccan coast in 60 minutes. The authorities might utilize these results to develop evacuation plans. more...
- Published
- 2024
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3. Les enjeux de l’urbanisme post-catastrophe dans le Japon du Nord-Est, 10 ans après le tsunami du 11 mars 2011
- Author
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Satoshi Miyake
- Subjects
Great East Japan Earthquake ,Tsunami ,Reconstruction ,Urban and Regional Planning ,Declining Population ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Ten years have passed since the disaster of 11 March in East Japan, a region already faced with a declining population. This article outlines the factors that led to populations being resettled in low-lying areas, and their collective return to higher ground during post-tsunami reconstruction. We also address the merits and demerits of these reconstruction plans based on the principles of 20th century urbanism. We analyse the logic behind the decision to build seawalls, and the reasons why their height was set with little controversy in the Iwate Prefecture. From there we analyse the conditions for rehousing, and the constraints imposed by the declining population in these regions. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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4. Vulnerabilidades do aeroporto de Faro (Portugal) face à ocorrência de tsunamis
- Author
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Henrique Vicêncio
- Subjects
Tsunami ,aeroporto ,vulnerabilidades ,medidas de mitigação. ,Disasters and engineering ,TA495 - Abstract
O aeroporto de Faro (Algarve, Portugal) deverá ter um papel importante na fase de resposta, após a ocorrência de um tsunami na região do Algarve. Caso o aeroporto fique inoperacional, poderão surgir dificuldades acrescidas no socorro atempado das populações. Estudaram-se as suas vulnerabilidades face à ocorrência de tsunamis e apresentam-se medidas de mitigação. Utilizou-se um modelo digital do terreno e consideraram-se diferentes cenários para o alcance de tsunamis. Será provável que para tsunamis que alcancem cotas de 4 a 5 m o aeroporto de Faro fique impossibilitado de receber voos comerciais, mas deverá poder receber voos destinados à resposta de emergência. Para valores superiores, grande parte da pista de aterragem deverá ser inundada e, nestas circunstâncias, o aeroporto deverá ficar inoperacional. Com a exceção do cenário mais gravoso, o piso superior do terminal poderá constituir-se como local de destino para a evacuação de passageiros e funcionários do aeroporto. As instalações dos bombeiros do aeroporto serão atingidas por um tsunami que se desloque até uma cota 3. more...
- Published
- 2021
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5. Tsunami Hazard Mapping and Evacuation Path Determination using field Survey and Geographical Information Systems at Widarapayung Wetan, Cilacap
- Author
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Destrayanti Irfa, Fatmasari Nurvita, Utaminingtyas Berlian, and Wibowo Hery Susanto
- Subjects
tsunami ,evacuation map ,comcot ,run up ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
In 2006, a tsunami hit Pangandaran, and its effects were felt in Cilacap. There were 664 fatalities, 498 injuries, and 55 million dollars in damages, and 1623 homes were destroyed or severely damaged due to the tsunami. Furthermore, the village of Widarapayung was among those devastated by the tsunami, which reached a height of up to 5 meters and claimed the lives of 12 people. In addition, Widarapayung is a popular tourist destination and one of the venues for 2019’s professional surfing events. Therefore, disaster prevention measures are essential to lessen the impact of disasters and save lives. The objective of this study is to assess the vulnerability of the Widarapayung Wetan area to a tsunami and make recommendations for evacuation routes and regional infrastructure development to reduce casualties and damage. This research utilized COMCOT to model the megathrust segment with a possible magnitude of 8.7, with worst-case values acquired from the catalog PuSGeN 2017. Additionally, the data on topography and bathymetry collected by DEMNAS and BATNAS are utilized in this investigation. The modeling results indicated a 50-minute arrival time for the tsunami waves, a maximum run-up height of 14-18 meters, and a submerged area of roughly 4.57 km2. In addition, the most effective evacuation routes were determined by combining the outcomes of field surveys and Geographic Information System simulations. This research will provide local governments with helpful information for making informed decisions about infrastructure and spatial development in the future. more...
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- 2023
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6. Performance Evaluation of DualSPHysics and COMCOT Programs through Numerical Testing for Simulating Tsunami Propagation and Overtopping on Seawalls
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Zuliansah Ahmad Bagus Reza, Windujati Umboro, Rasyif Teuku Muhammad, Mahlil Teuku, and Januriyadi Nurul Fajar
- Subjects
tsunami ,seawall ,propagation ,overtopping ,dualsphysics ,comcot ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
A tsunami is a destructive wave that can cause massive damage to coastal infrastructure. One of the disaster mitigation measures that can be chosen is the construction of coastal protection infrastructure, such as a seawall. Seawalls play a crucial role in protecting coastal areas as they can reduce wave energy and minimize the impact of tsunami-induced damage. However, during the 2011 Japan tsunami, the seawall built in Taro city failed as it proved to be less effective in handling the tsunami waves. The research conducted aims to model the propagation and overtopping of tsunami waves on the seawall, initially carried out through physical laboratory experiments, and later transformed into numerical test models using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method and the Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami (COMCOT) model. In this study, the parameters being compared include wave height, wave propagation, and overtopping on the seawall under two scenarios : the run-up of solitary waves on a shore without a seawall and the overtopping condition with a seawall using the Solitary Wave generation type, following the experiments conducted by Huang et al en 2022. Several parameters in the laboratory case study should be considered to expand our understanding of the systematically discussed tsunami propagation and overtopping processes and evaluate the capabilities of the SPH and COMCOT models. more...
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- 2023
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7. Building Vulnerability Analysis Due to Tsunami by Using Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA): A Case Study of Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi
- Author
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Ario Fauzan, Pratama Celvin, Adipura Dhimas Thoriq Rizki, Rasyif Teuku Muhammad, Mahlil Teuku, and Januriyadi Nurul Fajar
- Subjects
building tsunami vulnerability ,comcot ,numerical simulation ,ptha ,tsunami ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Cities that vulnerable to tsunamis, including the village of Pelabuhan Ratu on the southern coast of West Java, Indonesia, are in dire need of adequate vertical evacuation structures. However, constraints regarding to limited funding and difficulties in finding affordable land have hindered the implementation efforts of such structures in several cities. This research aims to analyze building vulnerability to tsunami disasters and identify buildings that can serve as alternative tsunami evacuation options based on Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA) in Pelabuhan Ratu. The research methodology involves mapping the Modified Building Tsunami Vulnerability (BTV) and connecting the numerical simulation results with fragility curves assumed for the Pelabuhan Ratu area. The numerical simulations were conducted using the Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT). Various tsunami scenarios triggered by earthquakes with different magnitudes ranging from 8.5 to 9.0, with intervals of 0.1, were considered in the numerical simulations. The research findings indicates high probability of maximum tsunami height reaching 14.85 meters in a return period of 10,000 years, and 51.77 meters in return period of 30,000 years. Based on these results, it was found that a three-story minimarket built with concrete could be used as an evacuation facility in a 10,000-year return period. more...
- Published
- 2023
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8. Tsunami de béton : de l’empreinte à l’emprise sur les paysages littoraux après les catastrophes du 11 mars 2011
- Author
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Rémi Scoccimarro
- Subjects
dependency ,giant sea walls ,coastal landscape ,reconstruction ,tsunami ,Social Sciences - Abstract
On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, the coastal landscapes of Japan had already been highly anthropized. The arrival of Western technologies, including concrete, enabled an acceleration in the transformation of coastal landscapes. From the 1950s onwards, the Sanriku protective coastal works took the form of giant dikes on Japan’s tsunami coast. Disfiguring the inherited landscapes, these dikes also changed the relationship to the sea. During the tsunami of 11 March 2011, none of them resisted. But far from challenging this form of protection, post-tsunami reconstruction with its giant sea walls has increased the separation between the inhabitants and the sea. It has also made them even more dependent on the planners (state and regional authorities as well as construction and public works companies), whereas the potential for the appropriation of these structures remains unclear. more...
- Published
- 2020
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9. Vulnerabilidad social en hogares desplazados por el terremoto y tsunami del año 2010 en la localidad de Dichato, Región del Bío-Bío, Chile
- Author
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Francisco Muñoz-Vera and Jorge Rojas-Hernández
- Subjects
Vulnerabilidad social ,activos de vulnerabilidad ,desplazados ,terremoto ,tsunami ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
Este artículo describe los niveles de vulnerabilidad social de hogares desplazados por el terremoto y tsunami del año 2010 en la localidad de Dichato. Para los hogares afectados, los activos de vulnerabilidad (recursos materiales, económicos y sociales que disponen) adquieren un rol fundamental para enfrentar condiciones profundamente alteradas por un desastre natural. Desde un enfoque multimétodo se identifican activos y estrategias utilizadas por los hogares para movilizar dichos recursos durante la estadía en un campamento de emergencia. Asimismo, se elabora un índice a través de un análisis factorial de correspondencias, que permitió identificar factores latentes de vulnerabilidad denominados: Condicionantes de vulnerabilidad y Mecanismos de adaptación. Estos factores describen limitaciones y capacidades de los hogares para enfrentar un contexto de alta complejidad social. more...
- Published
- 2018
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10. Les enjeux de l'urbanisme post-catastrophe dans le Japon du Nord-Est, 10 ans après le tsunami du 11 mars 2011.
- Author
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MIYAKE Satoshi
- Subjects
- *
DEMOGRAPHIC change , *SEA-walls , *TWENTIETH century , *CITIES & towns , *URBAN planning , *INDIAN Ocean Tsunami, 2004 - Abstract
Ten years have passed since the disaster of 11 March in East Japan, a region already faced with a declining population. This article outlines the factors that led to populations being resettled in low-lying areas, and their collective return to higher ground during post-tsunami reconstruction. We also address the merits and demerits of these reconstruction plans based on the principles of 20th century urbanism. We analyse the logic behind the decision to build seawalls, and the reasons why their height was set with little controversy in the Iwate Prefecture. From there we analyse the conditions for rehousing, and the constraints imposed by the declining population in these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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11. La antigua Colección Municipal de Arqueología y el nuevo Museo Histórico Municipal de San Fernando
- Author
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Antonio Sáez Espligares
- Subjects
sancti petri ,melqart ,tsunami ,cerro de los mártires ,camposoto ,History of the arts ,NX440-632 ,Museums. Collectors and collecting ,AM1-501 - Abstract
Durante decenios los hallazgos fortuitos de objetos arqueológicos en el término municipal de San Fernando propiciaron la formación de una colección institucional local que motivó la creación del Museo Municipal para la custodia, estudio y exposición de los restos materiales del pasado histórico en su propio entorno geográfico, gracias a la sensibilidad de responsables políticos y empleados municipales. Un breve recorrido por la historia de la arqueología local nos permitirá situarnos finalmente en la constitución del Museo, que en su corta historia ha contado ya con tres sedes diferentes. more...
- Published
- 2017
12. « Gérer les cadavres du tsunami de mars 2011 »: Les interactions des pratiques médico-légales avec les normes funéraires locales
- Author
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Duly, Sora, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecole doctorale 355 - Maison méditerranéenne des Sciences de l'homme (Aix) more...
- Subjects
forensics ,catastrophe ,[SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology ,identification ,mort de masse ,tsunami ,funéraires ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,gestion de corps ,médecine légale - Abstract
International audience; Présentation des résultats préliminaires de travail de terrain effectué dans la région du Tohoku au Japon d'octobre 2022 à mars 2023.
- Published
- 2023
13. Design and Manufacturing of Small Scale Tsunami Simulator Channel
- Author
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Bachay Hiba A., Aldefae Asad H., Zubaidi Salah L., Humaish Wissam H., and Sinichenko Evgeny K.
- Subjects
tsunami ,solitary wave ,scaling law ,sand ,physical modeling ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Increasing the cost of in-situ or field tests to solve engineering problems, particularly water engineering, pushes researchers worldwide to simulate different water engineering problems using small-scale physical modeling like soil erosion, hydraulic jump, water flow, and underground water. This paper focuses on the design, manufacturing, and calibration of the 6 m small-scale tsunami simulator channel to investigate the tsunami wave behavior with time until it reaches the shore or beach. The new wave generator capable of recreating scaled tidal waves, the physical modeling of tsunamis in the laboratory, and has advanced significantly. The working principles behind the new wave generator and its design, manufacturing, and first stages of testing to validate its capacities and limitations are discussed in this paper. Each part of the generator has been represented; model preparation and new wave generator calibration have been discussed. Well, agreement of the wave height is noticed (14 cm), and this is replicated that the new wave simulator can reproduce solitary waves with high steepness. more...
- Published
- 2021
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14. L'éruption du volcan Hunga Tonga -Hunga Ha'apai le 15 janvier 2022 : un ébranlement du système Terre à l'échelle planétaire
- Author
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Christine Lac, Alexis Le Pichon, Constantino Listowski, Ghislaine Abbassi, elvyra Astafyeva, alexandre baron, Daniel Berveiller, Marie Boichu, Cathy Clerbaux, Augustin Colette, Gaelle collin, P. Coïsson, Alain Dabas, Gérald Dibarboure, Valentin Duflot, Aurelien Dupont, Thomas Farges, Yannice Faugère, Jean-François Faure, Artem Feofilov, Audrey Gailler, Raphaël Grandin, Vincent Guidard, Alain Hauchecorne, Hélène Hebert, Philippe Heinrich, Philippe Hereil, Albert Hertzog, Sergey Khaykin, Philippe Keckhut, Philippe Labazuy, Sébastien Lafont, Nicolas Lardjane, Bernard Legras, Benjamin Loubet, Boris Maletckii, Marc Mandement, Fabio Manta, caroline mercier, Edhah Munaibari, Raphaël Paris, sébastien payan, Guillaume Payen, Aurélien Podglajen, Anne Puissant, Mathieu Ratynski, Michela Ravanelli, Marina Ripon, Jean Roger, Lucie Rolland, Pasquale Selitto, Anthony Sladen, Cedric Twardzik, Vincent Rey, and Julien Vergoz more...
- Subjects
géophysique ,volcan ,ondes ,observations satellitaires ,tsunami ,composition atmosphérique - Abstract
L'éruption explosive du volcan Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH), le 15 janvier 2022, a produit la plus puissante explosion enregistrée depuis les explosions du Krakatau et du Tambora dans les années 1800, libérant une énergie équivalente à 110 mégatonnes de TNT. Les ondes générées se sont propagées dans le sol, et dans l’atmosphère jusqu’à l’ionosphère. L'onde atmosphérique la plus énergétique observée sur les baromètres correspond au mode de Lamb. De période supérieure à 2000 s, son amplitude est comparable à celle observée lors de l’éruption du Krakatau en 1883. L’empreinte des perturbations atmosphériques a été caractérisée à l’échelle planétaire par des réseaux de mesures au sol, à bord de satellites ou de plateformes aéroportées. L’analyse combinée de ces observations a permis d’évaluer les conséquences à court terme de l'éruption du HTHH. Les méthodes d'investigation géophysiques présentées dans cette note montrent l’apport d’analyses interdisciplinaires pour caractériser la réponse impulsionnelle des enveloppes fluides planétaires (atmosphère, océans et mers) à une éruption d’une intensité exceptionnelle. more...
- Published
- 2022
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15. La perception du risque tsunami à Sines, Portugal: de l’importance du paysage dans la perception sociale du risque
- Author
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Alan Liotard, Lydie Goeldner-Gianella, Delphine Grancher, and Franck Lavigne
- Subjects
Tsunami ,risque ,paysage ,perception ,Portugal ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation - Abstract
ASTARTE est un programme de recherche qui vise à améliorer la résilience des populations européennes aux tsunamis. Une enquête à l’échelle européenne a été conduite en 2014‑2015 dans des secteurs littoraux exposés à ce risque. Cet article en pré- sente quelques résultats, en s’interrogeant sur le rôle que la perception récurrente, voire quotidienne, d’un paysage de mer agitée – en l’occurrence l’Océan atlantique, sur la côte portugaise de Sines – peut jouer dans l’identification d’un paysage de tsunami et, dans les comportements spontanés adoptés par les usagers. Le rôle du paysage dans la perception sociale du risque a été évalué en interrogeant un échantillon d’individus – directement sur le littoral –, en les mettant en situation à l’aide de photographies de divers contextes littoraux (tsunamis, tempêtes et marée basse). Il a été demandé aux populations interrogées d’évaluer le niveau de risque qu’ils percevaient sur chaque photographie. Les principales conclusions révèlent que les tsunamis appréhendés à travers des photos pendant l’enquête ont été perçus comme des situations moins risquées que celles montrant des ondes de tempêtes. Ainsi, au Portugal il faudrait sensibiliser davantage les populations à l’importance des signes précurseurs et non à la simple hauteur des vagues. L’objectif de cet article est de démontrer pourquoi il est important de prendre en compte le facteur paysager dans les campagnes de sensibilisation au risque. more...
- Published
- 2017
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16. Factores de vulnerabilidad y reconstrucción posterremoto en tres localidades costeras chilenas: ¿generación de nuevas áreas de riesgo?
- Author
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Carolina Martínez Reyes
- Subjects
vulnerability ,social resilience ,natural risk ,territorial planning ,tsunami ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In this article, we analyze the vulnerability associated with the tsunami of 27 February 2010 in three coastal towns in south-central Chile that were violently affected by this event. The Reconstruction that is currently under way in these areas leads us to propose that new risk areas are being by this process. Vulnerability factors and their relationship to the current socio-territorial transformations linked to centralized guidelines have not incorporated the elements of space at the local level, based on dependencies on natural resources such as case of fishing villages. more...
- Published
- 2014
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17. Con-donare. Ipertrofia del dono nello Sri Lanka post-tsunami
- Author
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Mara Benadusi
- Subjects
humanitarian aid ,sri lanka ,tsunami ,competitive humanitarianism ,anthropology of disasters ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 - Abstract
The paper traces a biography of the gift in post-tsunami Sri Lanka. It shows that the process of “commodification” of international aid was not produced by a monolithic humanitarian apparatus, considered as the perverse expression of the interference of the North on the South of the world. Various ethnographic studies prove that the “competitive humanitarianism” that emerged in Sri Lanka resulted by an interrelate network of individuals and organizations which overcomes the rigid distinction between beneficiaries and donors, expatriates and locals, experts and non-experts. more...
- Published
- 2014
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18. LA PERCEPTION DU RISQUE TSUNAMI À SINES, PORTUGAL: DE L'IMPORTANCE DU PAYSAGE DANS LA PERCEPTION SOCIALE DU RISQUE.
- Author
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LIOTARD, ALAN, GOELDNER-GIANELLA, LYDIE, GRANCHER, DELPHINE, BRUNSTEIN, DANIEL, and LAVIGNE, FRANCK
- Abstract
ASTARTE is a research program that aims to improve the resilience of European populations to tsunamis. A survey at the European scale was conducted during 2014-2015 on several coastal sites at risk of tsunamis. This article presents a few results by questioning the role that a regular, even daily, perception of a rough sea landscape - here the Atlantic Ocean, on the Portuguese coast of Sines - can play in the identification of a "tsunami landscape" and in the spontaneous behavior of people. The role of the landscape in the social perception of the risk was assessed by questioning a sample of individuals - directly on the littoral field - putting them into situation by showing multiple pictures of maritime scenes (tsunamis, storms and low tide). People inquired were asked to assess the level of risk they perceived on each picture. The main conclusion is that tsunamis' waves apprehended through pictures during the survey were perceived as a less risky situation than those showing storm waves. Thus in Portugal, the importance of precursor signs should be better considered in awareness campaigns rather than the height of the waves. This article aims to show why it is important to take the « landscape » factor into consideration for awareness campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
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19. Le risque tsunami en Nouvelle-Calédonie : Évolutions des facteurs de vulnérabilités et de résiliences à Lifou en territoire coutumier kanak
- Author
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Matthieu Le Duff, Pascal Dumas, Catherine Sabinot, and Michel Allenbach
- Subjects
vulnerability ,resilience ,New Caledonia ,tsunami ,archive ,integrated risk management ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The last tsunami which has had an impact on the New Caledonia came in March 1875. The south of the Lifou island (Loyalty island) has been most concerned. The tribes of Luengoni Joj, Mu and Ahmelewedr (District of Lösi) focuses the damage and victims of the disaster. If we know the dynamics of seismic and tsunami hazards in New Caledonia, there is no study has yet been interested by conditions of achievements of this disaster (1875), that means, the internal vulnerability factors which explain the disaster. If the hazard comes from of a natural origin, the establishment and structuring of the tribe in this space are produced by social interactions, politics and culture which have to been considered in a historical dimension. The radical choice of moving the tribe of Mu is particularly interesting to analyze from the view of the population resilience. In the same way the relationship between risk and territory is essential to consider here because the socio-spatial organization that we know today is partly inherited from this episode. This paper had two objectives : firstly, to understand the New Caledonia’s tsunami risk situation, on the other, suggest ways of development for an integrated tsunami risk management, based on the concepts of vulnerability and resilience and by this way adapted to the local cultural context and able to respond of human challenges posed by this natural hazard. more...
- Published
- 2016
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20. Community and Citizenship in Post-Disaster Japan: The Roles of Schools and Students
- Author
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Lynne Parmenter
- Subjects
Japan ,earthquake ,tsunami ,nuclear disaster ,school leadership ,postdisaster ,community ,local citizenship ,global citizenship ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
In March 2011, a triple earthquake-tsunami-nuclear disaster rocked northeasternJapan. In this article, the impact of these three disasters on schools,teachers and children will be analysed, with a particular focus on the role ofteachers in saving lives and leading communities, and the role of schools assites and agents of community and citizenship in the disaster situation. Thearticle is structured around four themes, namely, the role of school leadersand teachers, the role of schools as sites of community, changing mediarepresentations of children and communities in the wider national context,and the birth of global citizenship as a meaningful concept. Primary datafrom visits to schools in Miyagi Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture inJapan in July 2011 and December 2011 are combined with analysis ofsecondary sources written in Japanese to paint a clear picture of thedifferent roles served by teachers and schools at different points in timeduring and after the disasters. This provides insights not only into postdisastercommunities, but also into the role of teachers and function ofschools as agents and sites of community and citizenship in Japanesesociety. more...
- Published
- 2012
21. Le risque tsunamique au Maroc : modélisation et évaluation au moyen d'un premier jeu d'indicateurs d'exposition du littoral atlantique
- Author
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Samira Mellas, Frédéric Leone, Rachid Omira, Monique Gherardi, Maria-Ana Baptista, Bendahhou Zourarah, Mathieu Péroche, and Émilie Lagahé
- Subjects
Morocco ,risk ,tsunami ,modeling ,exposure ,indicators ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
This paper seeks to estimate the exposure of the Atlantic coast of Morocco to tsunami risk. A methodological approach and a first set of tsunami risk indicators are presented. The proposed approach is based upon a coupling of tsunami numerical modeling with coastal land use geo-referenced databases. Tsunami numerical modeling is performed for a 1755-like earthquake scenario allowing the prediction of travel times, wave heights and flooding areas on 67 communes (local administrative units). While, the obtained main geo-indicators allow to compare the tsunami risk for population, and industrial/urban areas at a regional scale along Moroccan Atlantic coast. These results are aggregated over several territorial units and are expressed in absolute or relative values to provide the widest range of maps to decision makers. The exposure to tsunami risk is high along the Rabat-El Jadida mid-Atlantic urban corridor. These results give an insight on the estimation of tsunami risk in Morocco, which needs to be improved and updated in a prevention and awareness approach. more...
- Published
- 2012
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22. An Evaluation of Tsunami Hazard Modeling in Gunungkidul Coastal Area using UAV Photogrammetry and GIS. Case Study: Drini Coastal Area
- Author
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Aris Marfai Muh, Fatchurohman Hendy, and Cahyadi Ahmad
- Subjects
unmanned aerial vehicle ,hazard ,tsunami ,loss estimation ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
In recent years, Tourism activities in Gunungkidul Coastal Area rapidly increased. A large number of tourists visiting the coast considered as elements at risk that are exposed to tsunami hazards. Disaster infrastructures provided by the government e.g. hazard maps, evacuation routes, and locations for assembly points are inadequate. The tsunami inundation models provided by the government are based on national topographic maps (RBI), resulting in inaccurate models. DEM generation using UAV Photogrammetry produces high spatial resolution data that results in more accurate tsunami inundation model. The results of the model using UAV photogrammetry are also capable of producing several inundation scenarios and determine the safe areas that can be used for temporary evacuation sites. The use of UAV photogrammetry for tsunami inundation models provides many advantages including low cost and accurate model results. Evaluation of hazard maps and assembly points using UAV Photogrammetry modeling lead to more effective and less time-consuming on the evacuation process. more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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23. Quantitative risk assessment in El-Jadida (Northern Atlantic Coast of Morocco) for a tsunami scenario equivalent to that of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake
- Author
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Kamal Agharroud, Abdelkarim TADIBAGHT, Ali Bounab, Younes EL KHARIM, Abdelmounim El M'rini, Olivier BELLIER, Otman EL OUATY, Lionel Siame, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-1-IE-0001-02, and ANR-11-LABE-0061,OT-MED,Labex OT-MED more...
- Subjects
Global and Planetary Change ,Tsunami ,Atlantic coasts ,Soil Science ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Geology ,Quantitative Risk Assessment ,Pollution ,Morocco ,[SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques ,Environmental Chemistry ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Simulation ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
National audience; The Atlantic coasts of Morocco are exposed to tsunami risk. Although this risk level is low because of the rarity of tsunamis in the region, a future event would be catastrophic for the Moroccan society and economy because of the numerous issues at stake. In this paper, bathymetric/topographic data and parameters of three known tsunamigenic faults (Marquês do Pombal Fault, Gorringe Bank Fault and Horseshoe Fault) were used to simulate a potential tsunami event in the city of El-Jadida (Morocco) using MIRONE software. The simulation results of the worst-case scenario were then exploited to perform a quantitative risk assessment, using demographic and economic input data. Results show that choosing the Horseshoe Fault as source of the simulated event produces the largest tsunamis; with maximum wave heights ranging from 10 to 27 m. These results are found to be consistent with historical records and computer model simulations from previous studies. Quantitative risk assessment results indicate that the city of El-Jadida is exposed to a high risk of loss of lifes and loss of property with values of the order of 34 lives/year and 14 M$/year, respectively. For this reason, we underline the dire need for the implementation of tsunami risk prevention and mitigation strategies that should prioritize the protection of high-risk areas of the city and its population from a possible future catastrophic event. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Les comportements humains en situation de catastrophe : de l’observation à la modélisation conceptuelle et mathématique
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Damienne Provitolo, Edwige Dubos-Paillard, Nathalie Verdière, Valentina Lanza, Rodolphe Charrier, Cyrille Bertelle, and M.A. Aziz-Alaoui
- Subjects
disaster ,panic ,tsunami ,individual and collective human behavior ,systemic modeling/modelling ,mathematical modeling/modelling ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
Over the last thirty years, the prevention of risks and disasters has become a major issue for societies in developed countries. These concerns are linked with important financial losses, the unequal repartition of global casualties and a wide media coverage of all catastrophic events. Our societies, independently of their development level, are not well prepared to cope with natural or anthropogenic disasters and possible domino effects. In order to reduce the vulnerability of populations and territories, three levers can be used: planning policies, civil engineering and training in order to adapt their behaviors to disaster situations. This paper deals with this latter lever. Indeed, specific behaviors in these unexpected situations have been observed by researchers in Human and Social Sciences from different disciplines, such as the medicine of catastrophes, psychology, sociology, anthropology and geography. Most of the time, this research deals with the observation of human reactions during a specific event or with the analysis of specific behavior such as looting or panic. These works rarely take into account the progress of knowledge in neurosciences, which teaches us that, during a crisis, people rarely adopt a unique behavior; rather there is a sequence of behavioral responses. The first, instinctive and of short duration, gives way to reasoned reactions according to the brain areas processing the information. Thus, in this multidisciplinary research including geographers, mathematicians and computer scientists, we present the panel of human reactions that may occur during catastrophic events and we organize this knowledge around a typology. This typology is structured around two axes: the areas of the brain involved in behavioral responses and the temporal phases of the disaster. Based on this typology, we propose a mathematical model in order to understand these individual and collective responses as behavioral sequences and to study their propagation. Three types of reactions (reflex behavior, panic and controlled behavior) and their interactions have been modelled by a system of differential equations. more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Princípios de medicina de catástrofe em revisão a partir de Fukushima
- Author
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Rita Marques da Silva, Paulo Campos, Ana Mafalda Reis, and Romero Bandeira
- Subjects
Tsunami ,energia nuclear ,socorro a multivítimas ,telemedicina ,saúde pública. ,Disasters and engineering ,TA495 - Abstract
Pelas suas características inéditas, consequências além do expectável e dimensão mundial, é abordada a catástrofe que ocorreu a 11/03/2011 em Fukushima, Japão. Através da revisão de conceitos básicos, analisa-se a evolução dos acontecimentos, protocolos de atuação médica em socorro a multivítimas com deslocação obrigatória de populações inteiras e as consequências a curto, médio e longo prazo dos efeitos radiológicos, saúde pública, problemas sociais e psicológicos, não só para as populações atingidas mas também para os interventores, numa perspetiva de minimizar as taxas de morbi e mortalidade nas gerações futuras. more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Évolution spatiotemporelle de l'exposition humaine face au tsunami à Padang.
- Author
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Mayaguezz, Henky, Plumejeaud-Perreau, Christine, Pouget, Frédéric, and Léone, Frédéric
- Abstract
This article summarizes an integrated approach whose aim is to assess the human exposure and its spatial and temporal variations in the event of a tsunami in a costal urban zone of Indonesia, as well as the capacity to join evacuation shelters for populations under threat. This research systematizes methods to estimate the amount of people present hour by hour during any day of the week and the year, to the building scale, in an urban area. It uses a hypothesis about a common rhythm of life which controls the activities and therefore the distribution of the Padang inhabitants. Considering that time of a tsunami occurrence is impossible to estimate, this information is very important to improve risk reduction programs. This approach allows in particular identifying various types of scenarios for the distribution of the population that can then be used to evaluate the evacuation capacity of these populations. A simulation model resulting from this research allows for the measurement of the accessibility of shelters following these scenarios. The results provide an accurate analysis of evacuation capacities of civilians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
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27. UN assesses tsunami response
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Marion Couldrey and Tim Morris
- Subjects
forced migration ,refugee ,asylum ,displacement ,disaster ,tsunami ,UN ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
A report to the UN’s Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) identifies lessons learned from the humanitarian response. Recommendations stress the need for national ownership and leadership of disaster response and recovery, improved coordination, transparent use of resources, civil society engagement and greater emphasis on risk reduction. more...
- Published
- 2005
28. L'imagerie spatiale à très haute résolution au coeur du dispositif de Geospatial Cloud Computing QëhnelöTM : application aux données Pléiades en Nouvelle-Calédonie.
- Author
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Rémi Andreoli, Benoît Ducarouge, Jonathan Maura, Audrey Leopold, Pierre-Nicolas Mougel, Arnaud Durand, Cyril Marchand, Nazha Folsher-Selmaoui, Hervé Yésou, Claire Tinel, Delphine Fontanaz, and Didier Lille more...
- Subjects
Geospatial Cloud Computing ,environnement ,Pléiades ,érosion ,tsunami ,cyclone ,Instruments and machines ,QA71-90 ,Applied optics. Photonics ,TA1501-1820 ,Cellular telephone services industry. Wireless telephone industry ,HE9713-9715 - Abstract
La Nouvelle-Calédonie est un archipel situé dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Pacifique. Il concentre les principales particularités des pays insulaires du Pacifique:à®les entourées par un lagon fermé par des récifs coralliens et couvertes par une végétation typique; exposées à aux risques littoraux majeurs (ouragan, tsunami, changement climatique et élévation du niveau marin) (Mimoura 1999). Les données de télédétection à partir de satellites d'observation de la Terre constituent l'une des principales sources d'information sur l'environnement. Au cours des 40 dernières années, la qualité, la précision, la couverture et la répétitivité des données de télédétection ont été constamment améliorés. La constellation Pléiade offre depuis 2012 la possibilité de recueillir des données mutlispectrales tri-stéréoscopiques à 70 cm de résolution dont le potentiel pour fournir des informations utiles aux décideurs en Nouvelle-Calédonie a été évalué sur le suivi des mangroves, la cartographie de l'érosion des sols et la vulnérabilité aux aléas cyclonique et tsunami. Le défi majeur est donc de fournir aux décideurs la bonne information au bon moment et d'une manière conviviale à partir de ce type de données. Le Geospatial Cloud Computing de QëhnelöTM permet le développement de plateformes Web capables de se connecter à des bases de données distribuées, exploiter les données, exécuter des processus distants d'analyse et de modélisation. Il permet ainsi la combinaison de données de télédétection avec des données distribuées dans des outils d'analyse spatiale pour suivre l'environnement soumis aux contraintes sociales et industrielles pour une prise de décision efficace par des non-spécialistes. more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Le risque tsunami en Martinique : planifier une évacuation préventive en optimisant l’accessibilité de sites refuges
- Author
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Frédéric Leone, Mathieu Péroche, and Rafaëlle Gutton
- Subjects
risk ,accessibility ,planning ,Martinique ,Lesser Antilles ,tsunami ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The risk of tsunami threatens the whole Caribbean coastline and especially the Lesser Antilles. The available models of tsunami propagation estimate that the travel time from the closest seismic sources would only take a few minutes to impact the Martinique Island. Considering this high threat, the most effective measure is a planned and organized evacuation of the coastal population. This requires an efficient regional warning system, estimation of the maximum expected tsunami flood height, preparation of the population to evacuate, and drawing up of local and regional emergency plans. In this context, this paper proposes a methodology directly addressed to decision makers in order to optimize and map the evacuation sites and route using a pedestrian accessibility modeling. It is based on a population database at a local scale, the development of connected graphs of roads, the identification of potential safe areas and the velocity setting for pedestrians. Evacuation routes are calculated using the Dijkstra’s algorithm which gives the fastest path between areas at risk and designated evacuation sites. A first application allows us to map the theoretical times to keep safe the exposed population and to compare these with a tsunami travel time scenario for each commune of Martinique. A second application results in a local evacuation plan for the commune of Saint-Anne. This new prevention support was validated by an expert committee and constitute the first mapping of this kind in France. This calibrated and officially approved methodology will be asked to be developed on other countries, but as a priority on overseas french departments. more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Tsunami de béton : de l’empreinte à l’emprise sur les paysages littoraux après les catastrophes du 11 mars 2011
- Author
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Rémi Scoccimarro
- Subjects
coastal landscape ,reconstruction ,giant sea walls ,Social Sciences ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,dépendance ,digues géantes ,paysage côtier ,tsunami ,dependency ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
À la veille de la révolution industrielle, les paysages côtiers du Japon sont déjà fortement anthropisés. L’arrivée des techniques occidentales, dont le béton, permet une accélération de la modification des paysages littoraux. À partir des années 1950, sur la côte à tsunamis du Japon, le Sanriku, les ouvrages de protection côtière ont pris la forme de digues géantes. Défigurant les paysages hérités, elles modifient aussi les rapports à la mer. Lors du tsunami du 11 mars 2011, aucune de ces digues n’a tenu. Mais loin d’être une remise en question de ce choix de protection, la reconstruction post-tsunami, avec ses supers-digues, accentue la coupure entre la mer et les habitants. Elle les rend aussi encore plus dépendants des aménageurs (État–département–groupes du BTP), alors que les possibilités d’appropriation de ces ouvrages restent peu évidentes. On the eve of the Industrial Revolution, the coastal landscapes of Japan had already been highly anthropized. The arrival of Western technologies, including concrete, enabled an acceleration in the transformation of coastal landscapes. From the 1950s onwards, the Sanriku protective coastal works took the form of giant dikes on Japan’s tsunami coast. Disfiguring the inherited landscapes, these dikes also changed the relationship to the sea. During the tsunami of 11 March 2011, none of them resisted. But far from challenging this form of protection, post-tsunami reconstruction with its giant sea walls has increased the separation between the inhabitants and the sea. It has also made them even more dependent on the planners (state and regional authorities as well as construction and public works companies), whereas the potential for the appropriation of these structures remains unclear. more...
- Published
- 2021
31. Accessing IDPs in post-tsunami Aceh
- Author
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Claudia Hudspeth
- Subjects
forced migration ,refugee ,asylum ,displacement ,disaster ,tsunami ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
Half a million Acehnese – 12% of the province’s population– became IDPs as a result of the tsunami. For humanitarian actors, gaining access was a major challenge. Important lessons can be drawn in order to improve access to IDPs in future emergencies. more...
- Published
- 2005
32. The public health response to the tsunami
- Author
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Bryan Heal and Manuel Carballo
- Subjects
forced migration ,refugee ,asylum ,displacement ,disaster ,tsunami ,public health ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
At a meeting in the Maldives convened in April by the International Centre for Migration and Health, public health specialists from tsunami-affected states assessed lessons learned from the humanitarian response. more...
- Published
- 2005
33. Lost innocence: the tsunami in the Maldives
- Author
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Heidi Brown
- Subjects
forced migration ,refugee ,asylum ,displacement ,disaster ,tsunami ,Maldives ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
The December 2004 tsunami thrust the Republic of Maldives into the public eye, changing its image overnight from idyllic honeymoon destination to disaster zone.
- Published
- 2005
34. La réserve naturelle de Petite-Terre (Guadeloupe) : entre enjeux et vulnérabilité face aux aléas submersion marine
- Author
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Jean Roger, Yann Krien, and Narcisse Zahibo
- Subjects
Tsunami ,vulnerability ,swell ,storm surge ,hazard ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Since the tropical hurricane Hugo devastated Guadeloupe Archipelago in 1989, the island is more or less prepared to face another cyclonic event (alerts, shelters, etc.). On the other hand, tsunamis have only become a great concern in the Caribbean and more particularly in Guadeloupe for a couple of years (after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2010 Haiti earthquake and the 2011 Japan tsunami). Thus research projects have been led to try to assess marine submersion hazards as the INTERREG IV TSUNAHOULE project in which this study of the natural sanctuary of Petite-Terre has been done. Through 3 extreme scenarios chosen in agreement with meteorological and geological knowledge in the region, the modeled impact of a tsunami, a long period north swell, and a 4-5 category hurricane are presented and discussed separately after having detailed the different stakes of the sanctuary, which leads to start on thought about the vulnerability of its inhabitants, temporary or not, in front of those natural hazards. more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Recherches en cours sur l'Impact de Rochechouart : Dimension et typologie : le mystère se creuse !
- Author
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Lambert, Philippe and Sciencesconf.org, CCSD
- Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Chicxulub ,Tsunami ,Impacts ,Mécanique ,Rochechouart - Published
- 2021
36. Etude expérimentale des tsunamis générés par les écoulements pyroclastiques
- Author
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Bougouin, Alexis, Paris, Raphael, Roche, Olivier, Sciencesconf.org, CCSD, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and SGF, CNRS, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon ou l’étude de la Terre, des planètes et de l’environnement more...
- Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,écoulement pyroclastique ,tsunami ,écoulement granulaire fluidisé ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2021
37. Le risque tsunami en Martinique: planifier une évacuation préventive en optimisant l’accessibilité de sites refuges.
- Author
-
LEONE, FRÉDÉRIC, PÉROCHE, MATHIEU, and GUTTON, RAFAËLLE
- Abstract
Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Le risque de tsunami dans les Alpes-Maritimes, quelles réalités ? Quelles méthodes d’analyses de l’aléa et de la vulnérabilité ?
- Author
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Boschetti, Laurie, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Côte d'Azur, Emmanuel Tric, and STAR, ABES more...
- Subjects
Risk ,Issues ,Tsunami ,Tsunamis ,Enjeux ,[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Vulnerability ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Vulnérabilité ,Risque ,Aléa ,Hazard - Abstract
Tsunamis are complex phenomena that can result from various natural events, such as earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. Their amplitude is driven by source characteristics and intensity of the precursor event, continental shelf morphology, and distance to the coast. Although most of tsunamis are located in the Pacific ocean, 15 % of mondial events happened in the Mediterranean Sea (NOAA, 2017). The coastlines of the Alpes-Maritimes are not spared, and have been impacted by two main events : the February 23, 1887 tsunami, which followed the Ligurian earthquake, and the October 19, 1979 tsunami, caused by the collapse of a part of the new harbour construction at the Nice airport. The shoreline of the Alpes-Maritimes concentrates many human, economical, and material assets. Besides, because of the low tsunami frequency, its population is only poorly aware of the associated risk. The presence and the increased development of coastal assets, along with the potential occurence an event, have led the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the United Nations to call for preparedness for tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea.Here, risk is defined as the association of a phenomenon occurence, i.e. a tsunami, with the vulnerability of a territory’s assets, the Côte d’Azur coastline. We aim at identifying and characterizing tsunami risk along the French Ligurian Riviera. To do so, we analyze and produce hazard and vulnerability maps using specific methodologies. We first focus on tsunami hazard analysis in the Alpes-Maritimes, identifying and characterizing its magnitude and intensity. Numerical simulations were performed to obtain raw data (runup, current, spatial extent of the flood, etc.). We propose a new tsunami intensity scale combining flood heights, currents and damage to the coast and at sea (biophysical vulnerability). Second, we investigate the territorial vulnerability of the region, concentrating on its main strategic assets and highlighting sensitive areas. We then built on the separate analysis of these two components to assess the coastal tsunami risk. We use two different approaches: the first one is index-based (with three index levels), while the second is normalization-based. This multidisciplinary work, at the confluence between Earth and Human sciences, demonstrates that tsunami risk exists in the Alpes-Maritimes and that it should be integrated in risk prevention and in the gestion of the territory., Les tsunamis sont des phénomènes complexes qui se produisent à la suite de différents types d’évènements (tremblements de terre, glissements de terrain, éruptions volcaniques). Leur ampleur varie selon la source et l’intensité de l’évènement précurseur, la morphologie du plateau continental, la distance aux côtes. Bien que la grande majorité des tsunamis se produit dans le Pacifique, environs 15 % des évènements mondiaux (NOAA, 2017) sont survenus en Méditerranée. Le littoral des Alpes-Maritimes n’est pas épargné puisque deux évènements majeurs ont impacté ces côtes : le tsunami du 23 février 1887, qui fait suite au séisme Ligure (origine sismique), et le tsunami du 19 octobre 1979, généré par l’effondrement d’une partie des travaux de l’aéroport de Nice (origine gravitaire). Les Alpes-Maritimes sont un territoire qui regroupe de nombreux enjeux notamment humains, économiques, matériels, principalement sur sa frange littorale. De plus, la population est peu sensibilisée à ces évènements du fait de leur faible fréquence. La présence et l’augmentation des enjeux, associée à la potentialité de la survenue d’un évènement, ont amené la Commission Océanographique Intergouvernementale des Nations Unis à appeler à se préparer aux tsunamis en Méditerranée. Le risque est mobilisé ici comme étant la combinaison de la survenue d’un phénomène, ici le tsunami, et de la vulnérabilité d’enjeux qui composent un territoire, le littoral azuréen. Nous avons ainsi cherché à savoir quel était le risque de tsunami le long du littoral azuréen. Pour se faire, une analyse détaillée de l’aléa et de la vulnérabilité a été nécessaire, avec pour chaque composante, une méthodologie particulière et la réalisation d’une cartographie. Une première étude se concentre sur l’analyse de l’aléa tsunami dans les Alpes-Maritimes, en identifiant et en caractérisant sa magnitude et son intensité. Celle-ci passe par la réalisation de simulations numériques qui permettent l’obtention de données brutes (runup, courant, étendue spatiale de l’inondation, etc.). Une nouvelle échelle d’intensité a été proposée afin de coupler les hauteurs d’inondation, les courants et les dégâts à la côte et en mer (vulnérabilité biophysique). Une seconde analyse s’est concentrée sur l’analyse du territoire grâce à l’étude de la vulnérabilité territoriale. Cette dernière se focalise sur les enjeux majeurs, c’est-à-dire les points stratégiques du territoire, faisant ressortir les espaces sensibles. Une fois ces deux composantes analysées séparément, leur combinaison a permis d’obtenir une évaluation du risque de tsunami sur le littoral. Deux méthodes ont été proposées : une première utilisant une approche indicielle (sous forme de trois niveaux d’indice) afin de combiner deux composantes du risque, celles de l’aléa et de la vulnérabilité ; une seconde par normalisation. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans des travaux multidisciplinaires, à la frontière entre science de la terre et sciences humaines. more...
- Published
- 2020
39. « U tirrimotu ranni » : Lectures du tremblement de terre de Sicile de 1693
- Author
-
Stefano Condorelli
- Subjects
earthquake ,tsunami ,disaster ,historical seismology ,local seismic culture ,reconstruction ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Le tremblement de terre de Lima de 1746 : témoignages, actions et pensées de la catastrophe naturelle
- Author
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Nicolas De Ribas
- Subjects
tremblement de terre ,tsunami ,Lima ,XVIIIe siècle ,perceptions ,peurs ,History (General) and history of Europe ,History of Spain ,DP1-402 - Abstract
Le vendredi 28 octobre 1746, la Cité des Rois tremble comme jamais peut-être. Un séisme indescriptible, qui aurait atteint de nos jours le degré 9 sur l’échelle de Richter, détruit la ville avant d’être relayé par un tsunami aussi dévastateur. La catastrophe de Lima, qui recouvre avec ses spécificités les notions de « désastre » et de « calamité », va faire 6000 morts. Cet événement naturel inattendu bouleverse alors, dans un temps limité, les composantes de la société liménienne par ses déclinaisons contingentes : secousses, inondations, incendies, épidémies... Il met aussi à l’épreuve les autorités coloniales qui doivent lutter contre les maladies, la famine, les vols, et qui animent les débats architecturaux et urbanistiques. Ce désastre, avec sa violence soudaine et son ampleur qui réveillent des peurs ancestrales dans une atmosphère de fin de monde, mérite donc d’être réhabilité et sa dimension événementielle hors du commun doit figurer parmi les grandes catastrophes telluriques et historiques. more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Simulation of the 1755 tsunami flooding area in the Algarve (southern Portugal): the case-study of Portimão
- Author
-
Fantina Tedim and João Gonçalves
- Subjects
1755 earthquake ,tsunami ,Algarve ,disaster ,simulation ,GIS ,Disasters and engineering ,TA495 - Abstract
The November 1st 1755 earthquake remains the most powerful and destructive to hit Europe so far. Although frequently associated with the city of Lisbon, this earthquake caused similar or greater damage and casualties in the southwest of the Algarve, where the seismic intensity was estimated at IX-X Mercalli Intensity Scale. Some minutes later, a tsunami increased the dimension of the disaster. Using simple techniques of simulation, we estimated the potential impacts of the occurrence of a similar event to the 1755 tsunami nowadays in Portimão. more...
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. La réserve naturelle de Petite-Terre (Guadeloupe) : entre enjeux et vulnérabilité face aux aléas submersion marine.
- Author
-
Roger, Jean, Krien, Yann, and Zahibo, Narcisse
- Abstract
Copyright of Études Caribéennes is the property of Etudes Caribeennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Testemunhos históricos da influência do terramoto de 1755 na laguna de Aveiro
- Author
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Clara Sarmento and Alexandre Cardoso
- Subjects
Terramoto 1755 ,Inquérito 1756 e 1758 ,Aveiro ,Laguna ,Tsunami ,Dinâmica. ,Disasters and engineering ,TA495 - Abstract
O presente trabalho analisa a dinâmica paleoambiental e económico-social do ecossistema da laguna de Aveiro durante o século XVIII, com especial atenção às vivências, extensão e consequências do terramoto de 1755. Uma das mais conhecidas fontes históricas de relato do terramoto foi o Inquérito do Marquês de Pombal, de 1756. Tendo em conta os objectivos deste trabalho, analisámos os inquéritos preenchidos no âmbito geográfico da laguna de Aveiro, entre Abril e Maio de 1756, recorrendo também, quando necessário, ao Inquérito Geral de 1758. A informação recolhida foi posteriormente cartografada em mapas temáticos e analisada. more...
- Published
- 2006
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44. O mar e os riscos a ele associados
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Fernando Rebelo
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Tsunami ,furacão ,tempestade ,praias ,arribas. ,Disasters and engineering ,TA495 - Abstract
Recorda-se o tsunami do Índico de 26 de Dezembro de 2004 e evocam-se alguns tsunamis considerados notáveis, entre os quais o que atingiu Lisboa em 1 de Novembro de 1755. Recorda-se, igualmente, o furacão Katrina, que inundou grande parte de Nova Orleães em 29 de Agosto de 2005 e lembram-se temporais ocorridos na Europa a escalas diferentes. Finalmente, recordam-se vários casos de manifestação de riscos de erosão em praias ou em arribas do litoral português, salientando, todavia, que nem sempre o mar é o principal responsável pelos prejuízos verificados. more...
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- 2006
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45. Tsunami en Asie du Sud-Est : retour sur la gestion d’un cataclysme naturel apocalyptique
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Pierre Ozer and Florence De Longueville
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education ,natural hazard ,hazard ,tsunami ,vulnerability ,risk management ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
The tsunami that affected the Indian ocean’s rims on December 26, 2004 claimed close to 226 000 lives, mainly on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, which suffered overwhelming devastation. This article asks whether a tsunami warning system is needed in the Indian Ocean where the probability to experience a similar catastrophe is very scarce. In addition, other alternatives including land use planning and education focused on tsunami risk management are presented. Their application could strongly reduce financial and human losses if such hazard had to occur again. more...
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- 2005
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46. Le tsunami de Sumatra du 26 décembre 2004, observé par l’altimétrie spatiale Jason-1 et Topex.
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HADDAD, Mahdi, BELBACHIR, Mohamed Faouzi, and KAHLOUCHE, Salem
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L’objet de cet article porte sur l’étude de la situation unique et remarquable d'observation couplée entre Jason-1 et Topex relative au tsunami du 26 décembre 2004 qui a eu lieu dans l'Océan Indien. Les anomalies de hauteur de la mer calculées le long des deux passages ascendants n° 129 du cycle Jason-1 n° 109 et du cycle Topex n° 452, ayant survolés la région à l'ouest de Sumatra et des îles Andaman environ 2 heures après le séisme, nous ont permis de mettre en évidence l’élévation du niveau de la mer, causée par le tsunami, d’environ 50 cm sur une longueur de près de 200 Km, suivie d'une seconde onde, de 40 cm environ vue à la fois par Jason-1 et Topex. Aussi, il convient d'insister que cette situation d'observation unique renforce, si besoin est encore, tout le bénéfice qu'il est possible de tirer des missions d’altimétrie spatiale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2012
47. Cartographie de l'aléa tsunami en Nouvelle-Calédonie
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Duphil, M.
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MODELE MATHEMATIQUE ,RISQUE NATUREL ,SYNTHESE DOCUMENTAIRE ,SEISME ,GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ,ZONE COTIERE ,CARTOGRAPHIE ,TSUNAMI - Abstract
L'objectif de ce stage de fin d'étude était de cartographier l'aléa tsunami en Nouvelle-Calédonie grâce à la modélisation de centaines de scénarios prédéfinis dans la région du Pacifique. Dans une première partie, une synthèse bibliographique est présentée afin de mettre en évidence les apports de la cartographie de l'aléa tsunami dans une stratégie de gestion du risque. Dans une seconde partie, les méthodes utilisées pour effectuer les simulations avec le code de modélisation numérique de tsunami MOST (Method Of Splitting Tsunami) sont détaillées. Une partie importante du travail a porté sur la conception de grilles bathymétriques à différentes résolutions. Dans une troisième partie, les résultats de modélisation qui amènent à fournir à la Sécurité Civile des outils opérationnels d'évaluation de l'aléa tsunami en Nouvelle-Calédonie sont présentés. La livraison d'une base de données de scénarios, contenant les hauteurs de vagues maximums à la côte et les temps de trajet de tsunami (TTT), ainsi que la production d'un atlas des scénarios, constituent les produits finaux du projet. Dans une dernière partie, les cartes d'aléa sont abordées avec un regard critique, en analysant la robustesse et la sensibilité des résultats obtenus sur la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Enfin, une réflexion scientifique portant sur le rôle des changements globaux et des zones naturelles littorales complète l'analyse géographique du risque tsunami. more...
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- 2020
48. Cartographie de l'aléa tsunami en Nouvelle-Calédonie
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Duphil, Maxime, Aucan (dir.), Jérôme, Roger (dir.), Jean, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, and IRD more...
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NUMERICAL MODELING ,MODELE MATHEMATIQUE ,HAZARD MAPPING ,[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,ZONE COTIERE ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,TSUNAMI ,SYNTHESE DOCUMENTAIRE ,COASTAL RISKS MANAGEMENT ,SEISME ,NEW CALEDONIA ,GESTION DE L'ENVIRONNEMENT ,NOUVELLE CALEDONIE ,CARTOGRAPHIE - Abstract
L’objectif de ce stage de fin d’étude était de cartographier l’aléa tsunami en Nouvelle-Calédonie grâce à la modélisation de centaines de scénarios prédéfinis dans la région du Pacifique. Dans une première partie, une synthèse bibliographique est présentée afin de mettre en évidence les apports de la cartographie de l’aléa tsunami dans une stratégie de gestion du risque. Dans une seconde partie, les méthodes utilisées pour effectuer les simulations avec le code de modélisation numérique de tsunami MOST (Method Of Splitting Tsunami) sont détaillées. Une partie importante du travail a porté sur la conception de grilles bathymétriques à différentes résolutions. Dans une troisième partie, les résultats de modélisation qui amènent à fournir à la Sécurité Civile des outils opérationnels d’évaluation de l’aléa tsunami en Nouvelle-Calédonie sont présentés. La livraison d’une base de données de scénarios, contenant les hauteurs de vagues maximums à la côte et les temps de trajet de tsunami (TTT), ainsi que la production d’un atlas des scénarios, constituent les produits finaux du projet. Dans une dernière partie, les cartes d’aléa sont abordées avec un regard critique, en analysant la robustesse et la sensibilité des résultats obtenus sur la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Enfin, une réflexion scientifique portant sur le rôle des changements globaux et des zones naturelles littorales complète l’analyse géographique du risque tsunami. more...
- Published
- 2020
49. Modélisation expérimentale de génération de tsunami par effondrement granulaire
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Robbe-Saule, Manon, Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), and Philippe Gondret more...
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[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn] ,Experimental study ,Landslide ,Etude expérimentale ,Tsunami ,Glissement de terrain ,Granulaires ,Vague ,Mécanique des fluides ,Wave ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,Fluid Mechanics ,Granular - Abstract
Various past geological events have shown that landslides near coastlines, involving volumes from a few thousand cubic meters to several cubic kilometers, can lead to tsunami waves with significant amplitude. The generated wave and the collapse both represent an important hazard for the population and infrastructure located on or near the coast. Realistic modeling requires considering the granular nature of landslides. Here, we developed a new set of small-scale laboratory experiments to investigate in detail the wave generated by the collapse of an aerial granular column into water. An entire set of parameters are tested: (1) the falling granular mass (height, volume, aspect ratio, grain size and density), (2) the water layer height and (3) the geometrical configuration (horizontal or inclined plane). From quasi-bidimensional experiments in a rectangular channel we record both the time evolution of the granular collapse and of the generated wave. We show that the wave generation process is driven by the collective dynamics of the granular collapse at the water free surface. We identify a clear linear dependence between the relative wave amplitude and a Froude number defined as the ratio of the granular front velocity and the solitary wave velocity. The wave amplitude reaches its maximum value at an intermediate water depth. The total energy transfer shows that only a few percent of the initial potential energy of the column is transferred to the wave, suggesting a considerable energy loss in the granular collapse itself. Finally, we highlight the low influence diameter and density of the falling grain in the generation of the wave. This suggests that the mass of the collapse is of low importance compared to its volume. Another interesting result is the linear dependence of the relative wave amplitude with the relative immersed volume of the final deposit. This allows us to estimate the wave amplitude generated by past or potential events in Nature. Despite the various scales and geometries of these natural events, and the uncertainty of the data, our empirical law, from our small-scale experiment, predicts waves similar to other numerical or experimental models.; Des événements géologiques passés ont montré que les glissements de terrain, près des côtes, impliquant des volumes de quelques milliers de mètre cube à plusieurs centaines de kilomètres cube, peuvent provoquer des vagues de tsunami d’une amplitude considérable. La vague générée et l’effondrement représentent tous deux un danger important pour la population et les infrastructures situées sur ou proche des côtes. Une modélisation réaliste nécessite de tenir compte de la nature granulaire du glissement de terrain. Nous avons développé dans ce travail de thèse, une série d’expériences de laboratoire à petite échelle, pour étudier en détail le processus de génération de vague par l’effondrement d’une colonne granulaire, initialement sèche, dans l’eau. Tout un ensemble de paramètres est testé : (1) la masse granulaire impliquée (hauteur, volume, rapport d’aspect, granulométrie et densité), (2) la hauteur d’eau et (3) la configuration géométrique (plan horizontal ou plan incliné). Des expériences quasi-bidimensionnelle en canal rectangulaire, permettent d’enregistrer à la fois l’évolution temporelle de l’effondrement granulaire et celle de la surface libre de l’eau. Nous montrons que le processus de génération des vagues est piloté par la dynamique collective de l’effondrement des grains à la surface de l’eau. Nous identifions une dépendance linéaire claire entre l’amplitude relative de la vague principale et un nombre de Froude défini comme le rapport des vitesses d’avancée du front granulaire et de la vague solitaire. En particulier, l’amplitude de la vague atteint sa valeur maximale pour une profondeur d’eau intermédiaire. Le transfert d’énergie global a montré que seulement quelques pourcents de l’énergie potentielle initiale de la colonne sont transférés à la vague, issus notamment d’une perte d’énergie considérable dans l’effondrement granulaire lui-même. Enfin, nous soulignons la faible influence du diamètre et de la masse volumique des grains dans la génération de la vague. Cela suggère que la masse de l’effondrement est de faible importance par rapport à son volume. Un autre résultat intéressant est la dépendance linéaire de l’amplitude relative de la vague avec le volume immergé du dépôt final. Cette loi nous permet d’estimer l’amplitude de la vague pour des événements passés et potentiels. Malgré les échelles, géométries diverses et variées de ces événements, et l’incertitude des données, cette loi empirique provenant de notre expérience à petite échelle prédit des vagues similaires à d’autres modèles numériques ou expérimentaux. more...
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- 2019
50. Rethinking evacuation of coastal urban population in a multi-hazards context : STEP modelisation (Seism Tsunami Evacuation Population)
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Plattard, Odile, Géographie-cités (GC (UMR_8504)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris I - Panthéon-Sorbonne, Arnaud Banos, and Franck Lavigne more...
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Siracusa ,Saint-Laurent-du-Var ,population ,PARIS team ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography ,modelisation ,urban environment ,Syracuse ,evacuation ,évacuation ,THESE ,séisme ,espace urbain ,tsunami ,seism ,modélisation - Abstract
This thesis explore the issue of a pedestrian evacuation of coastal population in an urban environment in case of tsunami and seism, through the implementation of the model STEP. Studies examine two fields : Saint-Laurent-du-Var (France) and Siracusa (Italy). They provide varied configurations of disaster risk exposure and different evacuation strategies for a coastal urban population.Urban environment is the central point of this thesis. First, visibility in an urban context is evaluated through its effect on pedestrian evacuation. Second, by taking into account multi-hazard context through the impacts on buildings from a precursor earthquake and questioning the walkability of evacuation routes to safe areas.The STEP model is a hybrid modelisation combining agent-based and cellular automatons. It is implemented on Saint-Laurent-du-Var based on geographical data (topography, buildings). The tsunami is based on worstcase simulation data. Visibility in an urban context is determined by the height of safe areas and surrounding buildings; it creates “shadow-zones” where people have no line-of-sight to safe areas around them. Walkability of the urban environment is based on the probability of a building collapse according to seismic intensity. Debris may obstruct streets and force people to seek alternative routes to safe areas. According to the worst-case simulation data, three main evacuation scenarios were implemented and explored through parameters related to agents and safe areas. These three scenarios vary the visibility and walkability independently in order to better evaluate the effects of the results.The greatest impact seen within STEP simulations is determined by the location of safe areas and paying attention to seismic activity in an urban environment. This thesis shows the importance of considering specific evacuation requirements for coastal urban environments. It also demonstrates that multi-hazards should be a central concern when defining evacuation strategies for populations.; Cette thèse questionne l’évacuation piétonne d’une population littorale en milieu urbain en cas de tsunami et séisme, à travers la mise en place du modèle STEP. Deux sites d’étude ont été considérés : Saint-Laurent-du-Var (France) et Syracuse (Italie), qui présentent des configurations d’exposition aux risques et des stratégies d’évacuation de la population différentes.L’espace urbain est au coeur du questionnement de cette thèse. Premièrement, à travers l’influence que la lisibilité du milieu urbain peut avoir sur une évacuation piétonne. Deuxièmement, par la prise en compte du contexte multi-risques et des dommages d’un séisme précurseur sur les constructions, en questionnant la praticabilité des itinéraires d’évacuation en milieu urbain. STEP est un modèle hybride alliant le multi-agents et les automates cellulaires et implémenté sur la commune de Saint-Laurent-du-Var. Son environnement est construit à partir des données géographiques de terrain (topographie, bâtiments). Le tsunami est implémenté à partir des données issues de simulations d’évènements de référence. La lisibilité de l’espace urbain est construite à travers la mise en place de zones de non-visibilité des zones refuge générées en fonction de leur hauteur et de celle des bâtiments. La praticabilité de l’espace urbain se traduit par la mise en place d’une probabilité d’effondrement des constructions en fonction de l’intensité sismique, pouvant obliger les individus à trouver un autre itinéraire jusqu’aux zones refuge. Trois scénarios principaux ont été mis en place, se basant sur des évènements de références et explorés par variation des paramètres liés aux agents et zones refuge; ces trois scénarios principaux font varier la lisibilité et la praticabilité de manière indépendante afin de mieux en percevoir les effets sur les résultats.Au final, la variation de la localisation des zones refuge, ainsi que la prise en compte du contexte multi-risques en milieu urbain ont une influence importante sur les résultats issus des simulations de STEP. Cette thèse met donc en avant l’importance de la considération de la spécificité d’une évacuation en milieu urbain ainsi que du contexte multi-risques pour la mise en place de stratégies d’évacuation de population sur un territoire. more...
- Published
- 2019
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