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In this paper, we demonstrate electrical degradation due to hot carrier injection (HCI) stress for PLDMOS device. The lower gate current and the IDsat degradation at low gate voltage (VGS) and high drain voltage (VDS) is investigated. Hot Electrons, generated by impact ionization during stress, are injected into the gate oxide, creating negative fixed oxide charges and interface-states above the accumulation region and the channel. Increase of the drain-source current is induced by the negative fixed oxide charges. The physical model of the degradation has been proven combining experimental data and TCAD simulations.

Recycled concrete is a kind of concrete which is constructed by crushing and removing the building waste and concrete blocks and mixing them according to a certain proportion after grading. In this study, the applicability of recycled concrete is studied only in terms of impermeability.

This study introduces a cutting-edge solution to improve safety in substations through a real-time anti-maloperation system utilizing the IEC 61850 framework. Conventional anti-maloperation systems, largely microcomputer-based, face challenges including offline operational limits and cumbersome setup procedures, which compromise their efficiency and real-time functionality. This research explores these issues and demonstrates how the IEC 61850 standard, particularly its GOOSE messaging, can overcome these hurdles. Our analysis of the proposed real-time system showcases its superiority in functionality and technical advantages compared to existing solutions. We provide a comprehensive examination of its design, locking mechanisms, and deployment tactics, offering solutions to the drawbacks of traditional systems. By incorporating IEC 61850 and GOOSE messaging, the system enhances operational efficiency and ensures continuous monitoring and control, drastically improving the reliability and efficiency of substation anti-maloperation strategies. This novel methodology represents a significant leap forward in substation automation and safety management, offering a forward-looking perspective on safeguarding substation operations.

Overflow of high -pressure brine causes stratification and sedimentation of drilling fluid, which damages the performance of drilling fluid and lead to serious accidents such as sticking. In the face of saltwater overflow, the common practice is to increase the density of drilling fluid to prevent and deal with it. However, increasing the density will lead to serious lost circulation in the thief layer, thus aggravating the saltwater overflow. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward a method of drainage brine with controlling pressure to deal with the overflow of high -pressure brine layer. Through laboratory experiments, the pollution capacity limit of high -pressure brine on oil-based drilling fluid was determined, and the drainage brine with controlling pressure technology was systematically proposed. The controlled pressure water drainage treatment technology has been successful applied in 4 Wells drilling in ultra- deep salt paste formation in Tarim Basin.

According to indoor positioning requirements, the light intensity sensing circuit is designed with LED as the light source. The function relationship between light intensity and distance is obtained by fitting the experimental data. The distance from the light source to the node to be located is calculated. The coordinate position of the node to be measured on the two-dimensional plane is obtained through the trilateral measurement and positioning algorithm. The experimental results of this system show that the absolute position error is less than 10cm, which can meet the needs of a large number of indoor positioning applications.