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In order to alleviate the cost pressure caused by navigation restrictions and rising fuel prices faced by cruise companies, on the basis of considering the constraints of emission control areas and the arrival time constraints of each port, according to the relationship between the speed and fuel consumption of ships during navigation, a mixed integer nonlinear programming model with the minimum sum of the sum of ship fuel replenishment cost, arrival delay penalty cost and carbon tax cost is established to optimize the speed and refueling strategy of cruise ships. The results show that with the change of fuel price and time constraints, the fuel replenishment strategy will also change.

Aiming at the influence of demand uncertainty and stochastic carbon trading price on the choice of intermodal transportation route for reefer containers, a hybrid robust stochastic optimization model with minimum economic cost is established, and a Monte Carlo sampling-based catastrophic adaptive genetic algorithm is designed to test the reasonableness and validity of the model. The results show that: influenced by the regret value constraint, the robust optimization of demand uncertainty will increase the total cost of reefer container multimodal transportation, while the increase of carbon trading price stochasticity doesn’t necessarily mean the increase of cost, and the reasonable setting of carbon trading price stochasticity and the trade-off between the maximum regret value and the economic cost, so that the cold-chain logistics and transportation enterprises can easily deal with the fluctuation of the demand of the freight transportation market, and also respond to the low-carbon requirements.

Since decades ago, the Lower Cheliff plain is under the continuous influence of soil salinization induced by mismanagement of the groundwater resources. The main purpose of this study was to estimate and map soil salinity using both Salinity Index (SI) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). In doing so, a total of 796 soil samples of Electrical Conductivity (EC, dS.m–1) measured in laboratory combined to spectral parameters data of Landsat-8 OLI, by applying a Salinity Index (SI) and used also to training the ANN model (80% of total data), the rest of the dataset (20%) was retained for validation with both methods. The results of applying an ANN estimator based on the reflectance values of three bands: green (B3), red (B4) and near-infrared (B5) as learning input neurons, proved their interest in the estimation of EC given a high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.80) between the values of simulated truth and ground, compared to the results obtained using only the SI method giving a moderate precision (R2 = 0.42). Regarding the soil salinity mapping, the two methods generated contrasting results, the SI estimates that 68.5% of the total area is affected by salinity (underestimation) meanwhile the ANN gave an estimation of 78.8%. In a conclusion, the estimation and mapping of soil salinity using the SI method has been upgraded significantly when ANN was involved.

Excessive carbon emissions are causing the problems of global warming and greenhouse effect. It is urgent to control carbon emissions worldwide. As one of the main sources, it is crucial to reduce the carbon emits of construction industry. Carbon is generated at all phases of the building life cycle. Notably, building design has various extent of influence on carbon emissions at each phase, which is urgently to explore a low carbon method. This paper is to summarize the current status of building design by literature review. The challenges of building design are analysed as the lack of 1) a comprehensive standard system by considering different factors; 2) the carbon emission calculation method; 3) real-time optimization model aiming at carbon reduction. Therefore, the path of “standard-calculation-prediction-optimization” (SCPO) for building design is proposed. This paper can provide theoretical guidance for low carbon building design.

The disturbance characteristics of power transmission line projects are long distance, scattered disturbances, large differences in natural conditions, and diverse types and strengths of soil erosion. These two points are the key to soil and water conservation, Including that identifying the main controlling factors of soil erosion in each construction disturbance area, and adapting measures to local conditions, and setting up water and soil conservation measures for disasters are power transmission lines in hilly areas. This paper took a specific project as an example, analyzed and evaluated the characteristics of water and soil erosion in the project and optimizes the configuration of measures, in order to provide a reference for the arrangement of water and soil conservation measures in the construction of similar projects.

Mercury heat pipe has the advantages of good thermal stability and low saturated vapor pressure, which is the best choice for the transition from water heat pipe to liquid metal heat pipe. The effects of heating power and heat pipe structure on start-up time and steady-state heat transfer performance of mercury heat pipe were studied by using transient thermal network model. The results showed that: 1) Increasing the length of condenser is beneficial to reducing the start-up time and thermal resistance; 2) Increasing the heating power or wall thickness will reduce the thermal resistance, but increase the start-up time, and increasing the porosity of wick is just the opposite; 3) Increasing the thickness of wick can increase both the start-up time and the thermal resistance.

Based on team effectiveness framework and subgroup theory, this study constructs a theoretical model that aim to explore the mechanisms between informational subgroup configurations and team effectiveness. Through analyzing a sample of 64 knowledge worker teams, we obtained those following meaningful results:(1) the number of informational subgroups is positively related to open and unique of information sharing; the balance of informational subgroups is negatively related to the open information sharing while positively related to the unique information sharing. (3) The open information sharing is positively related with team viability while the unique information sharing is positively related to team creativity. Critical and insightful advice for the management of informationally diverse teams were proposed at last.

This paper uses the data crawled from the AllMusic website to establish a directional network of followers and influences of music genre artists, analyzes the music influence influenced by genre. The Beatles had the greatest influence from 1950 to 2010, and promoted the development of Pop/Rock and Country music genres. In addition, it was found that “influencers” would actually influence the music created by followers. Based on the music feature data set of 91719 songs provided by Spotify’s API, drawing the correlation heat map and making the measurement of music similarity, it is found that the songs of artists of the same genre are more similar. For the similarity between different genres, by selecting the representative music in the genre and using the music characteristics to analyze their correlation, it is found that Folk and Avant-Garde, New Age and Stage & Screen all have high similarity, reaching 0.97. In addition, songs can also be classified into genres according to music characteristics. For example, if a genre has high performance in livability, speech and explicit attributes, it can be considered as Comedy/Spoken. Finally, combined with the historical reality, it is found that there may be characteristics and music revolutionaries[1] that mark the great revolution of music development.

On the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, It is stressed that that China will establish and improve the economic system of green and low-carbon circular development and promote the reform of energy system and develop the renewable energy, and then it is urgent for China to not only master the basic laws of the world’s renewable energy development, comply with the trend and trend of energy reform, but also promote the development of renewable energy based on national conditions and regional conditions, so as to achieve higher quality development of economy and society.

Abstract The present study examined the effectiveness of a Chinese-English bilingual program in enhancing children’s English and Chinese language and literacy skills. Participants included an experimental group of 26 students from Junior Kindergarten (age approximately 4-5 years) to Grade 2 (age approximately 7-8 years) enrolled in a Mandarin language bilingual program in Ontario, Canada, and a comparison group of 43 Chinese-speaking students attending English-only public schools in the same region. Measures of phonological awareness, syntactic awareness, receptive vocabulary, and word reading were administered in English and Chinese. Children in the experimental group showed Chinese word reading and phonological awareness skills that were superior to those of the comparison group. The two groups were comparable in English word reading and receptive vocabulary skills. Significant correlations between measures of phonological awareness, syntactic awareness, receptive vocabulary, and word reading were found within and across languages in the experimental group. We discuss results within the context of the extant theories of bilingual development and cross-language transfer. Résumé La présente étude a examiné l’efficacité d’un programme bilingue chinois-anglais à améliorer les habiletés linguistiques en anglais et en chinois des enfants participant à ce programme. Dans le groupe expérimental, 26 élèves de la maternelle (4 et 5 ans) à la deuxième année (7 et 8 ans), scolarisés dans un programme bilingue mandarin en Ontario, au Canada, ont participé à l’étude. Le groupe comparatif incluait 43 élèves de langue chinoise scolarisés dans les écoles publiques anglaises de la même région. Des tâches de conscience phonologique, de conscience syntaxique, de vocabulaire réceptif et de lecture de mots ont été administrées en anglais et en chinois. Les élèves du groupe expérimental ont obtenu des résultats supérieurs que ceux du groupe comparatif sur les tâches de lecture de mots en chinois et de conscience phonologique. Les deux groupes étaient comparables dans les tâches de lecture de mots en anglais et de vocabulaire réceptif. La conscience phonologique, la conscience syntaxique, le vocabulaire réceptif et la lecture de mots étaient significativement corrélés à l’intérieur des langues et entre les langues des élèves du groupe expérimental. Nous discutons des résultats dans le contexte des théories existantes sur le développement bilingue et les transferts interlinguaux.

In order to obtain the asphalt pavement texture information in real time and accurately monitor the anti-skid performance of the road pavement, an automatic close range photogrammetry system (ACPR system) was proposed and built based on the circle arranged three cameras close range photogrammetry (CPR) technology to obtain the asphalt pavement surface texture. Automatic image acquisition and 3D reconstruction were achieved by the ACPR system. Sand patch method and laser scanning method (ZGScan) were used to collect the on-site comparison test of the asphalt pavement texture. Mean texture depth (MTD) and root mean square roughness (RSMR) were chosen as the statistical indicators of road surface texture. The results show that the texture data obtained by ACPR system has relatively high accuracy and efficiency, and the recognition accuracy is close to 0.02mm. The ACPR system improves the efficiency and accuracy of traditional close range photogrammetry and provides real-time and effective road surface anti-skid information for subsequent safety braking of autonomous vehicle.

The active peptide (molecular weight < 3500 Da) of the enzymatic hydrolysis from Rana debris is used as a raw material of glycosylation. The peptide can be affected by environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, which can destroy structural and functional properties, so the peptide is usually modified by glycosylation. To investigate the effects of glycosylation on the antioxidant activity of Rana Debris Collagen Peptide (RDCP), glycosylated compounds were prepared using different ratios of RDCP and xylose or glucose by the Maillard reaction. The results indicated that the peptide-xylose compound (PXC) showed higher antioxidant activity than the peptide-glucose compound (PGC), and RDCP and xylose heated at a ratio of 1:4 showed good antioxidant properties. The correlation between the glycosylation degree and antioxidant activity was strong. These results indicated that glycosylation can enhance the antioxidant activity of RDCP. Such glycosylated products can be used in the field of food research.

Sample deposition based on micro-droplet ejection has broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine. Ejection of RPMI-1640 medium (without and with cells) is investigated experimentally using a home-build electrohydrodynamic (EHD) ejection system, consisting of a liquid supplier and a nozzle, a high voltage source, a droplet collector, and a high speed photography module. Electric voltage is applied between the nozzle and the droplet collector. The liquid surface is charged and the ejection takes place when electric force overcomes the surface tension. The ejection process is studied by using high speed photography and image processing. At low voltage, a uniform ejection state is established with ejection frequency typically less than 50Hertz. At sufficiently high voltage, another uniform ejection state is reached with ejection frequency as high as 1300Hz. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, after ejection, show survival rates higher than 79%, manifesting EHD ejection as a promising technique for cell printing.

Abstract The present study analyses the impact of phonological awareness instruction on the reading achievement of at-risk Grade 1 readers enrolled in an early French immersion program. Twenty-nine children from diverse linguistic backgrounds participated in the study. At-risk readers were identified on the basis of their text reading performance and phonological awareness test scores, and received 20 weeks of phonological awareness training in small groups. The intervention was initially given in English, and switched to French once students had acquired a foundation in the language. Significant gains were found in the phonological awareness skills of the treatment group. Results also indicated that the end-of-year French reading levels of the treatment group were superior to those of the comparison group. These findings suggest that a phonologically-based intervention can effectively address phonological awareness deficits and facilitate French reading acquisition for early immersion students who are considered to be at-risk for later reading difficulties.

The fatigue cracks are inevitably existed in steel bridges after they are working for a fairly short time because of the environmental pollution, overloading vehicles and larger numbers of automobiles. How to efficiently detect the fatigue cracks, especially the initial fatigue cracks, become one of the most important question to be solved for the steel box girder. The static and fatigue tests of the orthotropic steel bridge deck models were carried out in this research paper, which presented the fatigue damage developing laws, compared the test results with homogeneous test results in existing documents. Three dimensional micro detection scheme of fatigue cracks in steel box girder with three dimensional detection system is studied. Through the data from the testing design, the important characteristic width and length of the fatigue crack can be achieved, which can be used for the grasping of the mechanism of the steel box girder.

The overuse of fossil fuels has caused an energy crisis and associated environment issues. It is desirable to utilize renewable resources for the production of chemicals. This review mainly introduces our recent work on the transformation of renewable carbon resources including the conversion of cellulose, lignin, and chitin into sustainable chemicals. Various transformation routes have been established to form value-added chemicals, and accordingly a variety of effective catalytic systems have been developed, either based on metal catalysis and/or acid-base catalysis, to enable the desired transformation.